Urban Development in Post-Reform China

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strategies through place-making. The resulting changes in urban structure are manifested in the renewal of the city centre and urban sprawl at the periphery,.
Urban Development in Post-Reform China

Radically reoriented under market reform, Chinese cities are playing an import­ ant role in China's overall economic development. The creation of housing and land markets is rapidly changing the face of Chinese eities, and they present the landscapes of both the First and Third Worlds. Yet, radical marketization co­ exists with the ever-present state control. Urban Development in Post-Refi)rm China provides the first integrated treat­ ment of China's urban development in the dynamic market transition. Focusing on land and housing development, the authors show how the market has been 'created' under post-reform urban conditions, which in tum challenges state reg­ ulation. Urban space constitutes a critical component of China's new growth strategies and through the reconfiguration of this space, market-oriented land development has been launched into the Chinese version of local boosterism. The authors examine 'the state in action' and highlight how changing urban gov­ ernance towards local entrepreneurial state facilitates market formation. City planning has been transformed from allocating state resources to place promo­ tion; and municipal governments have formulated various competitive urban strategies through place-making. The resulting changes in urban structure are manifested in the renewal of the city centre and urban sprawl at the periphery, creating a 'novel' urban landscape of redeveloped central districts, university towns, science parks, and 'urban villages'. This innovative book, based on the authors' first-hand research in major Chinese cities over the past fifteen years, rethinks the relationships between per­ vasive marketization, proactive state action, and the transformation of urban spaces. It is illustrated throughout with over fifty figures and tables. Fulong Wu is Professor of East Asian Planning and Development and the Director of the Urban China Research Centre at the School of City and Regional Planning of Cardiff University. Jiang Xu is Research Assistant Professor of the Centre of Urban Planning and Environmental Management at the University of Hong Kong. Anthony Gar-On Yeh is Chair Professor of the Centre of Urban Planning and Environmental Management at the University of Hong Kong and Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Urban Development in Post-Reform China State, market, and space

Fulong Wu, Jiang Xu, and Anthony Gar-On Yeh

I~ ~~o~!!~n~R~up LONDON AND NEW YORK

Contents

First published 2007 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, axon OXl4 4RN

List offigures List oftables Acknowledgements

Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016

Post-refonn urban conditions

vii IX XI

Routledge is an imprint ()fthe Taylor & Francis Group, an infilrma business © 2007 Fulong Wu, Jiang Xu, and Anthony Gar-On Yeh

Typeset in Times by Wearset Ltd, Boldon, Tyne and Wear Printed and bound in Great Britain by MPG Books Ltd, Bodmin All tights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers effort has been made to ensure that the advice and information in is true and accurate at the time of going to neither the publisher nor the authors can accept any liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. In the case administration, any medical procedure or the use of technical equipment mentioned within this book, you are strongly advised to consult the manufacturers' guidelines.

PART I

Market logic

23

2 Establishing the land market

25

3 Establishing the housing market

49

4 Market configuration and actors in urban development

69

PART II

The state in action

11 \

British Ubrary Cataloguing in publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

5 State, governance, and land management

\13

ISBNIO: 0-415-39359-0 ISBN I 0: 0-203-96298-2

6 Changing city planning: from resource allocation to place promotion

158

ISBN13: 978-0-415-39359-0 (hbk) ISBN13: 978-0-203-96298-5 (ebk)

7 Entrepreneurial city and competitive urban strategies

193

Cataloging in publication Data been TI::'fll1t"QtP./

VI

Contents

PART III

New spaces

Figures

231

8 Urban redevelopment and the changing city centre

233

9 Sprawl, suburbia, and migrant enclaves

263

PART IV

Conclusion

301

10 Conclusions: market, state, and space

303

Appendix A: Functions ofdifferent land and planning-related agencies Appendix B: Generalfunctions ofthe district land department

310

313

I

Notes

References

index

314

319

343

I

1.1 Comparison of land-related benefits generated through the

quasi-market approach (negotiation) with the market approach

(auction) 9

3.1 Housing market differentiation in Shanghai: (a) the proportion of housing under 50,000 Yuan in the secondary housing market by the districts of Shanghai; (b) the proportion of housing over 500,000

Yuan in the secondary housing market by the districts of Shanghai 61

4.1 Configuration of the land market in China 72

5.1 Land administration structure in Guangdong province 139

5.2 Land administration-related institutional arrangement in

142

Guangzhou 6.1 Procedure for preparing an urban master plan in large Chinese

169

cities 172~3 6.2 A statutory plan for the Futian district of Shenzhen 181

6.3 New concept plan of Guangzhou 6.4 Urban design for the city of Dalian 184-5

187

6.5 Beijing's outer greenbelt plan 190

6.6 Preservation and renewal scheme for central Beijing 7.1 Location of Guangzhou and its main administrative districts 207

7.2 Location often major projects in Guangzhou 214

7.3 Shanghai and the Yangtze River Delta 216

7.4 Promotional atmosphere in Shanghai for its internationalization 219

8.1 Urban development process in the centrally-planned economy

before economic reform 234

8.2 Urban development process in the transitional economy after

economic reform 235

8.3 Over-occupied courtyard in central Beijing 238

8.4 Distribution oflarge shopping complex in Huaqiang Road North,

244

Shenzhen 245

8.5 The shopping malls along the Huaqiang Road North 249

8.6 The location of Xintiandi and Taipingqiao in Shanghai 8.7 Xintiandi's preserved shikumen landscape and residential space

250

transfonned into new recreational and commercial spaces