Health Sciences Research 2014; 1(4): 84-87 Published online September 30, 2014 (http://www.aascit.org/journal/hsr)
UV spectrophotometric assay of different brands of cephradine Safila Naveed*, Lailoona Jaweed Faculty of Pharmacy Jinnah University for women Karachi, Pakistan
Email address
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[email protected] (S. Naveed)
Citation Safila Naveed, Lailoona Jaweed. UV Spectrophotometric Assay of Different Brands of Cephradine. Health Sciences Research. Vol. 1, No. 4, 2014, pp. 84-87.
Abstract Keywords Cephradine, Assay, T-Test
Received: August 29, 2014 Revised: September 16, 2014 Accepted: September 17, 2014
Cephradine, one of the most prescribing and widely used antibiotics in Pakistan, it is available in capsule, dry suspension and IV injection dosage form. It is used for the treatment of upper respiratory and urinary tract infection for treating majority of the causative organisms. In our study we have done comparative assay of different brands of cephradine available in Pakistan. The assay is based on the ultraviolet UV absorbance maxima at 254 nm wavelength of Cephradine using water as solvent. A sample of drug was dissolved in water to produce a solution containing 100 ppm cephradine. Similarly, a sample of different brand were dissolved in water 100 ppm solution were made. The absorbance of sample preparation was measured at 254 nm against the solvent blank. The assay was determined by comparing with the absorbance of available brand. The % assay of 4 available brands have been done and by applying t-test it is concluded that there is no significant difference among three local and one brand leader so they are interchangeable where compliance may occur due to un-affordability of cost to suppress other non compliance issues.
1. Introduction To treat bacterial infection various antibiotics are used. -lactams (β-LCs), tetracyclines (TCs), macrolides (MCs), aminoglycosides (AGs), amphenicols (AMPs), quinolones (Qs)/fluoroquinolones (FQs), sulfonamides (SAs), lincosamides (LCs), glycopeptides (GPs) and polyether ionophores (IPhs) are the groups of antibiotic used in human and veterinary infections [Moreno-Bondi M]. Penicillins and cephalosporins are the most prescribing drugs among β-lactams group[1]. With high potency against gram negative organisms,Cephalosporins are broad spectrum antibiotics[1,2].They are widely used to cure bacterial infection [2,3]. They show maximum resistance against deactivation due to β-lactamases enzyme released by organism[4]. They are prescribed usually against urinary and upper respiratory tract infection causing organisms[2]. Cephradine (fig1) is included in cephalosporins first class[5.]. It is one of the semisynthetic cephalosporin series and posses broad spectrum against variety of organisms[2,5]. Cefalexin and cephradine has parallel spectrum of activity[5]. Cephradine being antibiotic of the cephalosporin first group (I group) acts bactericidal agents against organisms [6]. It acts by trussing to explicit penicillin-binding receptor(PBP’s) positioned inside bacterial cell was which inturns inhibits third and last stage of bactrerial synthesis of cell wall[4,7]. It is effective for the management of infections origined by the following microorganisms:All types of gram positive microorganism, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Beta-hemolytic streptococcus, Staphylococcus (coagulase-negative/ positive, penicillinase-producing strains), Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella species, Moraxella (Branhamella)
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Safila Naveed and Lailoona Jaweed: UV Spectrophotometric Assay of Different Brands of Cephradine
catarrhalis, Bacteroides species (except fragilis and Bacteroides), subtype of sensitive G- gram-negative microorganism (Haemophilus influenzae, Salmonella, Shigella) [8,9]. cephalosporins First-generation including cephradine, has and excellent effect when used for the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections caused by S. aureus and the S.pyogenes [9,10]. Cephradine is available in different dosage forms such as capsule, dry suspension and IV intravenous injection. From previous research it is reported that cephradine itself quite stable at pH 4 [11,12].our research group has done this type of assay for different drugs and they were helpful for selection of drugs [13].
absorbance of drug. 2.2. Standard Stock Solution 100 ml solution was prepared by dissolving 10mg of cephradine available dosage form. 2.3. Sample Preparation From different medical store located in Karachi, four different brands infexin, velod, velos, star were purchased. Each brands was drawn from one marketed batch and contained 500mg per capsules. Each brand was given a serial number for identification and average weight of capsule was taken and powder containing 10mg of cephradine was drawn from each brand capsule and transferred in 10ml of water and dissolved. After dissolving drug volume was makeup to 100ml with water.
3. Procedure
Figure 1. Cephradine structure
For the determination of cephradine a novel method has been developed by using sodium nitroprusside as a chromogenic reagent [14]. Cephradine, cefotaxima and ceftriaxone has been determined in pharmaceutical formulation15-16], urine[15,17-18 and in serum of human[19] as well. A rapid development of chromatographic determination method for pharmaceutical is also been established which is used for the detemenation of cephradine in a given pharmaceutical formulations [20]. A novel accurate simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method by using O-phthaldhyde as a reagent is developed for the determination of Cephradine in dosage forms and bulk [21]. The aim of the study was to develop a simple spectrophotometeric method for the determination of cephradine in pharmaceutical preparations. As different pharmaceutical brands are available in market as cephradine and it is one of the most prescribing drug among antibiotics so another so the intention was to determine that either those different brands are interchangeable or not, in order to remove non compliance issues due to lack of cost effectiveness in population.
By preparing standard and sample solution having strength of 100ppm/100ml and dilutions, absorbance was taken by using 1cm cell at maximum wavelength 254nm. By applying formula quantity of cephadrine (mg) present in each capsule was calculated.
4. Results and Discussion Pharmaceutical assay of cephradine four available brands was conducted by using spectrophotometer; Table 1 shows average weight, weight of 100 ppm solution and absorbance at wavelength 254 nm and in last column % assay of drug is calculated. Table 2 is indicating the retail price of all available brands per 12 capsules, which basically clarifies the major difference between price of cephradine available brands. Table 3 explains the non significant difference in %assay of all available brands as it is more than 0.05 indicating that all 3 local brand are having similar % assay as of brand leader, 99.7% is found to be the mean value. . Our research group has done these types of assay for different commonly used generic and their brands. Statistical results shows non significant results t value t=0.286 with 95% Confidence Interval upper limit is 0.597 and lower limit is -1.19. These studies are very helpful for paharmacist ,doctors and drug prescribers to choose best drug21-27.
2. Methodology For the measurement of spectra UV visible 1601 Shimadzu double beam spectrophotometer was used. The water was used as solvent. 2.1. Wavelength Selection In water 100 ppm of cephradine was prepared exactly. 200-40nm UV region was selected for scanning. Lamda max was found at 254 nm wavelength, which was used for the
5. Conclusion Since cephradine is one of the most prescribing antibiotic in health care system as it covers majority of the infection usually occurring in population. In this study we have determined the % assay of 4 available brands and by applying t-test it is concluded that there is no significant difference among three local and one brand leader so they are interchangeable where compliance may occur due to un-
Health Sciences Research 2014; 1(4): 84-87
Table 2. Price/12 Tablets
affordability of cost to suppress other non compliance issues. Table 1. Average weight, Absorbance and assay of all brands Brand Name Infex Velod Velos Star
Average wt of tablet mg 557 549 597 595
Wt for 100 ppm 11.14 10.99 11.94 11.91
Absorbance at 254nm 2.655 2.672 2.669 2.66
86
Brand Name
Retail Price
Infex
180.85
% assay
Velod
189.33
99.4 100.1 100 99.6
Velos
212.75
Star
75.19
Table 3. t-Test Value Brand Leader Vs Local Brands
t-Value
Mean
Sig.(2-Tailed)
Velod/Infex/Star
-1.441
99.7
0.286
References
95% Confidence Interval Of The Difference Lower Upper -1.1957 0.597
www.ijprdd.orghttp://ijprdd.org/wpcontent/uploads/2014/06/3.pdf
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Safila Naveed (2014) Simple UV spectrophotometric assay of Atorvastatin API formulation and their comparative study, Global Journal of Medical Research .14(2):3538.https://globaljournals.org/GJMR_Volume14/4-Simple-UVSpectrophotometric-Assay.pdf
[10] Safila Naveed, Huda Kafeel and Ramsha Rukh (2014) Spectrophotometric method for the estimation of Ciprofloxacin in different medium. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research & Drug Development 1:1:27-30
[11] Safila Naveed and Fatima Qamar (2014) A simple assay of Esomeprazole Using UV spectrophotometer The Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (TGJPR) 3(2); 192125,http://www.tgjpr.com/view-article.php?id=3433 [12] Safila Naveed and Fatima Qamar (2014) Simple UV spectrophotometric assay of Mefenamic acid International Journal of Pharma Sciences and Research (IJPSR) ,5(7):364366 .http://www.ijpsr.info/ijpsr-v5n7.php [13] Hua Zhang,Ling Li Wu, Quan Min LiXin Zhen Du,A novel method for the spectrophotometric determination of cefradine by using sodium nitroprusside as chromogenic reagent,Chinese Chemical Letters - CHIN CHEM LETT 01/2008; 19(12):1470-1474. DOI: 0.1016/j.cclet.2008.09.014
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Safila Naveed and Lailoona Jaweed: UV Spectrophotometric Assay of Different Brands of Cephradine
[21] Safila Naveed, Fatima Qamar, Ghulam Sarwer., (2014) Percentage assay of metformin in different medium using UVspectrophotometer BPJ0000130 - World Research Journal of Organic Chemistry Volume : 2 Issue : 1, 12-14 ISSN: 23203374 & E-ISSN: 2320-5679, http://www.bioinfopublication.org/jouarchive.php?opt=&jouid =BPJ0000130 [22] Safila Naveed, Shabana Naz Shah, Fatima Qamar , Nimra Waheed, and Safeena Nazeer, (2014) simple uv spectrophotometric assay of new formulation gentamycin J App Pharm Vol. 6; Issue 4: 407-410 [23] Safila Naveed, Shabana Naz Shah, Fatima Qamar , Nimra Waheed, and Safeena Nazeer, (2014) Simple UV
spectrophotometric assay of Lincomycin, IJPRDD, 1 (2),1012. [24] Safila Naveed* and Amber Nawab (2014) Assay of LVFX (levofloxacin) in different formulation by UV spectroscopy IJPRDD, 1 (2), 13-16. [25] Safila Naveed and Fatima Qamar (2014) Simple UV spectrophotometric assay of Metronidazole Open Access Library Journal, 1: e615:1-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1100615 [26] Huma Dilshad, Safila Naveed and Baqir Naqvi (2013) Assay of new formulations of isosorbide mononitrate by using uv spectrophotometer : BPJ0000115 - World Research Journal of Medicine Volume : 1 Issue : 1, pg9-10.
