NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 6 November 2018
doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0144.v1
https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/201811.0144/v1 Article
Cooperative-Competitive Paradigm in Real Time Traffic Signal Settings Based on Floating Car Data 1, Vincenzo Pasquale Giofrè 2 , Giuseppe Guido 3 and Alessandro Vitale 4,* Vittorio Astarita 1 2 3 4
Università Università Università Università
della della della della
Calabria, Calabria, Calabria, Calabria,
Via Via Via Via
P. P. P. P.
Bucci Bucci Bucci Bucci
Cubo Cubo Cubo Cubo
46b, 46b, 46b, 46b,
Rende Rende Rende Rende
(CS), (CS), (CS), (CS),
Italy; Italy; Italy; Italy;
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]
* Correspondence:
[email protected]; Tel.: +39-347-377-0256
Abstract: New technologies such as "connected" and "autonomous" vehicles are going to change the future of traffic signal control and management and possibly will introduce new traffic signal systems that will be based on floating car data (FCD). The use of floating car data to regulate, in real-time, traffic signal systems has the potential for an increased sustainability of transportation in terms of energy efficiency, traffic safety and environmental issues. However, research has never explored how not "connected" vehicles would benefit by the implementation of such systems. This paper explores the use of floating car data to regulate in real-time traffic signal systems in termsof cooperative-competitive paradigmbetween"connected" vehiclesand conventional vehicles. In a dedicated laboratory, developed for testing regulation algorithms, results show that "invisible vehicles" for the system (which are not "connected") in most simulated cases also benefit when real time traffic signal settings based on floating car data are introduced. Moreover, the study estimates the energy and air quality impacts of signal regulation by evaluating fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. Specifically, the study demonstrates that significant improvements in air quality are possible with the introduction of FCD regulated traffic signals. This paper follows[1] and extends results to the case of a single intersection signal regulation.
Keywords: traffic management; transportation sustainability; real time traffic signal settings; traffic simulation; cooperative ITS; ITS; traffic flow
1. Introduction
Co-operative Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) can be used to share information between drivers and road management. Various co-operative systems have been proposed in Europe and have obtained research in funded projects, among them SAFESPOT [2], EuroFOT[3] and DRIVE C2X [4]. According to the European Commission traffic congestion costs are an important issue and road transportation is accounted for more than 25% of total energy consumption in the EU. Bad traffic signal regulation can be a major cause of delay in urban travelling and often, especially in Italy, traffic signals are regulated without dynamically adjusting them to real changing traffic conditions. Static signal plans adopted according to simple traffic surveys are extended to all other days and hours of the week resulting in great unnecessary delays for travellers. Bad regulation of traffic lights sometime is perceived by drivers and can also cause the lack of respect for the rules (i.e. southern Italy), red-light running violation are also a serious problem in the USA[5]. In other countries like Netherlands and Germany, bad regulated traffic signals were, experimentally, completelyeliminatedshowing that congestionwas reducedand safety increased[6],[7]. Cassini [8],[9] also presents a fascinating case where bad planned traffic signals
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