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and lacking the 2; 5 translocation. Blood 1997;89:1483-90. Morgan EA, Nascimento AF. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive large B-cell lymphoma: An underrecognized aggressive lymphoma. Adv Hematol 2012;2012:529572.
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Virtual digital pathology: The future is near Editor, Learning of basic and oral histology and pathology is an important part of education in an undergraduate dental student’s curriculum not only in India but also worldwide. The teaching of basic oral histology, oral pathology is rendered through the conventional methodology of lectures and tutorials. The practical classes involve studying the tissue specimen through routine glass slides mounted with coverslips using light microscopes. With the emergence of advanced technology, the superiority of the light microscope as a teaching modality is being critically reviewed. Although the use of conventional light microscopes is technically least challenging, it has been disliked by the students due to lack of quality and consistency of its use which is both time consuming as well as tiring for the eyes. Even pathologists find its limitation in reproducing the same field repeatedly over and over again. Virtual digital microscopy could be a promising solution for such limitations of routine conventional microscopy though presenting with its own technical challenges.[1] Szymas and Lundin have stated distinct advantage and acceptance of virtual microscopy to study basic and oral pathology among students with significant improvement in understanding of the subject. They linked digitized slides with macroscopic, microscopic, and clinical images to serve as study material, with ease of handling and dissemination during practical classes.[2] Chen et al. have also reported advantages of digital virtual pathology in improving education of oral pathology slides. It also allows for easy revision by the students after the class. The setting up of a virtual online server allows for constructive views, reviews, opinions, comments, and discussions for each case. Virtual microscopy can also serve as basis for telepathology services and consultations by distant pathologists.[3] Fonseca et al. reported an improvement in the practical classes of oral pathology with a much higher interaction with the students during the class. The simplicity of the software, the high quality of 306
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How to cite this article: Singh N, Ketkar A, Gujral S. Poly immunophenotypic expression in a case of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2017;60:304-6. © 2017 Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow
the virtual slides, requiring a smaller time to identify microscopic structures, were considered important for a better teaching process.[4] Virtual microscopy has clear advantages; however, a few barriers limit it is easy and early transition in dental education in India. The possible barriers include high initial set-up costs, infrastructure (including computer hardware, software, and high-speed internet), data management and storage, and ease of accessibility by users. One probable barrier could be acceptance of virtual microscopy by experienced pathologists who are used to observing tissues through glass slides over the years.[5] With an eye on future of dental education in India, digital pathology with virtual microscopy is definitely the need of the hour for improvement in teaching standards and efficient student learning experiences and should replace conventional methods of learning and teaching oral pathology. Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest.
Saurabh Juneja, Manjushree Juneja1 Department of Oral Pathology, I.T.S. Dental College, Ghaziabad, 1Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India Address for correspondence: Dr. Saurabh Juneja, Department of Oral Pathology, I.T.S. Dental College, Ghaziabad - 201 206, Uttar Pradesh, India. E-mail:
[email protected]
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Farah CS, Maybury T. Implementing digital technology to enhance student learning of pathology. Eur J Dent Educ 2009;13:172-8. Szymas J, Lundin M. Five years of experience teaching pathology to dental students using the WebMicroscope. Diagn Pathol 2011;6 Suppl 1:S13. Chen YK, Hsue SS, Lin DC, Wang WC, Chen JY, Lin CC, et al. An application of virtual microscopy in the teaching of an oral and
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maxillofacial pathology laboratory course. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2008;105:342-7. Fonseca FP, Santos-Silva AR, Lopes MA, Almeida OP, Vargas PA. Transition from glass to digital slide microscopy in the teaching of oral pathology in a Brazilian dental school. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2015;20:e17-22. Ghaznavi F, Madabhushi A, Evans A, Feldman M. Digital imaging in pathology: Whole-slide imaging and beyond. Annu Rev Pathol Mech Dis 2013;8:331-59.
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How to cite this article: Juneja S, Juneja M. Virtual digital pathology: The future is near. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2017;60:306-7. © 2017 Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow
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