What can you do to mitigate climate change, by Larissa Basso – Revista Mundorama
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What can you do to mitigate climate change, by Larissa Basso ' 05/07/2016
( Política Internacional
)
0
When climate change is the subject, mitigation is usually
considered
to
be
responsibility
of
governments. International cooperation is seen as the best way forward in order to achieve results in a global scale, and people observe results from
Lançamento do
international conferences as indicators of success
livro “Teoria das
or failure in dealing with the problem. Yet, even if
Relações
climate change does depend on governmental
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Page 1 of 8
What can you do to mitigate climate change, by Larissa Basso – Revista Mundorama
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Internacionais –
action to be tackled, it also depends on individual
O mapa do
daily decisions that can be changed and promote
caminho:
different results that will matter to climate change
estudo e
mitigation to a substantial extent. This is called
prática”, de
reducing one’s carbon footprint, or reducing the
Cristina Soreanu
amount of emissions that result from individual
Pecequilo
choices in different activities.
Unifesp abre concurso para Professor de RI
There are numerous ways to reduce one’s carbon footprint: basically, any change in daily choices that sustain less carbon emissions in a period of
Os desafios do
time, preferably for good, is valid. Some decisions,
Reino Unido no
however, have broader impact than others, due to
contexto de
the weight of emissions resulting from some
saída da União
activities in total emissions. Climate change is a
Europeia, por
global issue; but due to countries’ emissions
Bruno Theodoro
different profiles, changing specific activities will
Luciano
have also broader local impacts, in addition to
Fórum Social Mundial: um ator construtivista no cenário internacional, por Murilo Chaves Vilarinho Global warming in the Courts:
promoting climate change mitigation. Brazilian emissions profile has changed in recent decades. Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) have long been the main source of carbon
emissions
in
Brazil,
mainly
due
to
deforestation. Between 1990 and 2012, share of LULUCF emissions in total Brazilian emissions was reduced (Observatório do Clima, 2014). The main reason was successful tackling of deforestation in the second half of the 2000s, due to legal and institutional changes: levels went down from
fighting inertia
around 27,000km2/year to 7,500km2/year, later
and pushing
stabilizing around 5,000km2/year (Viola and Basso,
action, by
2014; Viola and Basso, 2015). The relevance of
Larissa Basso
Brazilian emissions from agriculture, livestock
FUNAG promove palestra de James G.
farming and energy systems became clearer. And updated the importance of individual decisions in climate change mitigation: they might have lower impact in deforestation than they have in food or energy
systems,
due
to
the
http://www.mundorama.net/2016/07/05/what-can-you-do-to-mitigate-climate-change-by-larissa-basso/
more
indirect Page 2 of 8
What can you do to mitigate climate change, by Larissa Basso – Revista Mundorama
8/26/16, 16:45
Hershberg
connection with the first compared to the more
sobre a crise
direct connection with the latter.
dos mísseis soviéticos em
Diets have great impact in carbon emissions. Food
Cuba
systems answer for between 19 and 29% total
UFG realiza Seminário “O Brasil e a crise dos mísseis”
global emissions (Vermeulen et al, 2012). Some general rules are always valid: diets rich in processed food produce more emissions than diets rich in raw food, because food processing is highly intense in resources (water, energy, etc.);
Groundwater
animal products diets – meat and dairy especially,
international
due to the emissions resulting from the digestive
cooperation in
process of ruminants – result in more emissions
South America,
than vegetarian or vegan diets. Feed production
by Pilar Carolina
and
Villar
emissions of the sector, and enteric fermentation
FUNAG publica “Varnhagen (1816-1878) – Diplomacia e Pensamento Estratégico”
processing
answers
for
45%
of
total
of ruminants, for 39% (FAO, 2013). Reducing beef intake can decrease carbon emissions sharply: while
high
meat
7.19kgCO2e/day,
eaters
low
4.67kgCO2e/day,
produce
around
eaters
produce
meat
vegetarians
produce
3.81kgCO2e/day and vegans 2.89 kgCO2e/day (Scarborough et al, 2014). Organic and seasonal
Concepts, ideas
farming reduce the use of fertilizers in agricultural
and
production, contributing extensively to climate
methodologies
change mitigation. Opting for local crops reduce
in the
emissions from food transportation (Weber and
interpretation of
Matthews, 2008).
Latin American international relations, by Raúl Bernal-
Energy systems have the greatest impact in global carbon emissions. In this sector, emissions could be
broadly
divided
in
two:
electricity
and
Meza
transport. In many countries, such as Brazil,
Revista
amounts and sources, is concentrated in the
Mundorama – No. 107 – Julho/2016
decision regarding electricity production, including hands of the government. We do have different sources supplying electricity, participating in the bids promoted by the government, but the consumer
cannot
choose
from
http://www.mundorama.net/2016/07/05/what-can-you-do-to-mitigate-climate-change-by-larissa-basso/
which
their Page 3 of 8
What can you do to mitigate climate change, by Larissa Basso – Revista Mundorama
8/26/16, 16:45
Negociações
electricity will come from [1]. And distribution is
Comerciais do
also concentrated in few providers. In other
Brasil com a
places,
União Europeia:
distribution, this option might be given: in
uma opção
California, for example, consumers can choose
bilateral?, por
between providers that mix different electricity
Patrícia Nasser
sources, some of them offering 100% renewable
de Carvalho,
electricity to consumers. Even if choosing the
Fernanda
source of electricity is not always possible,
Gonçalves e
reducing the amount of electricity consumed is
Caíque Gomes.
always at hand: opting for efficient appliances,
Uma nova carta no grande jogo pelo controle do Mar do Sul da China: a decisão arbitral do caso Filipinas v. China, por Cristine Koehler Zanella
were
competition
exists
in
power
designing buildings to make good use of natural light, calibrating heating and cooling, taking shorter showers are always great options to reduce electricity demand. In the case of transport, driving less is key. Using public transportation and/or cycling have the greatest impact on carbon emissions, as well as in urban congestions and the concentration of carbon monoxide and particulate matter, greatest sources of urban pollution that causes health
FUNAG lança
problems and deaths of thousands of people
“Pensamiento
every year. If driving is mandatory, carpooling –
Diplomático
sharing your ride with other people – is a good
Brasileño –
alternative. Other options that are becoming more
Formuladores y
common are flexible office hours and home office,
Agentes de la
which allow employees to optimize and even
Política Exterior”
reduce their commuting.
RBPI 1/2016:
These are only some examples, a lot more can be
publicado novo lote de artigos RBPI – Vol. 59 –
done. Refusing unnecessary consumption, such as luxury goods or disposable packaging, as well as recycling and reusing items whenever possible are
No. 1/2016
great practices. Reducing business trips and
China e Brasil –
have a substantial impact on emissions. At the
Olimpíadas de um mundo de
opting for videoconferences reduce flying and end,
the
key
message
that
needs
to
be
understood is that a transition to a low carbon
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Page 4 of 8
What can you do to mitigate climate change, by Larissa Basso – Revista Mundorama
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“desordem sob
reality is not only about international agreements
os céus” para a
and national commitments. It is about changing
desordem em
one’s daily living, making different choices that are
frente ao mar,
in tandem with this new reality. Climate change is
por Paulo
the pivotal issue in this beginning of the 21st
Antônio Pereira
Century.
Pinto
challenging, but it does not need to be a synonym
Liberté e Egalité demandam Fraternité, por Carlos Frederico Gama
Changing
daily
habits
might
be
of sacrifice. Instead, it should be seen as an adaptation to a fuller planet, in which resources need to be divided more equality between more people. Benefits will be great, not only to human (and other species) perpetuation, but also to our evolution.
Conjuntura Austral – Vol. 7 –
[1] It is different in the case of free consumers,
No. 36 – 2016
created by law nr. 9648 of 1998, which can choose their power provider. Residential consumers, however, do not qualify as free consumers. References: Food and Agriculture Organization (2013): Tackling climate
change
assessment
through
of
livestock
emissions
opportunities.
–
a
and
global
mitigation
Available
at:
, access 27 Jun 2016. Observatório do Clima (2014): Análise da evolução das
emissões
documento
de
GEE
no
síntese.
Brasil,
1990-2012,
Available
at
, access 27 Jun 2016. Scarborough,
Peter
et
al
(2014):
‘Dietary
greenhouse gas emissions of meat-eaters, fisheaters, vegetarians and vegans in the UK’. Climatic change, v. 125, p. 179-192.
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Page 5 of 8
What can you do to mitigate climate change, by Larissa Basso – Revista Mundorama
8/26/16, 16:45
Vermeulen, Sonja et al (2012): ‘Climate change and food systems’. Annual Review of Environmental Resources, v. 37, p. 195-222. Viola,
Eduardo
‘Amazonian
and
policy
Basso, and
Larissa
politics,
(2014): 2003-13:
deforestation, hydropower and biofuels’. NOREF Report.
Available
at
, access 27 Jun 2016. Viola, Eduardo and Basso, Larissa (2015): ‘Brazilian Energy-Climate Policy and Politics towards Low Carbon Development’. Global Society, v. 29, issue 3, p. 427-446. Weber, Christopher and Matthews, H. Scott (2008): ‘Food miles and the relative climate impacts of food choices in the United States’. Environmental Science & Technology, v. 42, p. 3508-3513.
Larissa Basso is a PhD Candidate at the Institute
of
International
Relations
of
University of Brasília and member of the International System at the Anthropocene and Climate Change Research Network (
[email protected]).
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