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B\ôm Yálé .......................................................... 1 HZôm Yálé ...........................................................19 GhPôm Yálé .........................................................71 JuTRôm Yálé ................................................... 126 TjRôm Yálé ....................................................... 198 T¾ù]ôWôm Yálé ...............................................232 TuÉùWiPôm Yálé ........................................242

AÈîdLPp T¾lTLm Uû] Gi: 3262, RÁrSôå ®håYN¾ YôÃVd á¼Âìlé, ÅpXôéWUó, UçûW - 625 011 ûLúTº : 98426 - 49140, 98421 - 88660 ùRôûXúTº : 0452 - 6463666 CûQVR[m: www.gksuccess.com / Áu]gNp : [email protected]

Arivukkadal Pathippagam

9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com Mwhk; tFg;G

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“f z ; z p y ; f y e ; j h d ; fUj;jpy; fye;jhd;” vd;Dk; tho;jJ ; g; ghliy vOjpatH ahH? ,uhkypq; f mbfshH jpUtUl;gpufhr ts;syhH vd;Dk; rpwg;Gg; ngaH ngw;wtH ahH? ,uhkypq; f mbfshH MrpupaH Fwpg; G :CH flY}H khtl;lk; kUJ}u; ngw;NwhH ,uhikah> rpdd ; k;ikahH. E}y; [P t fhUz; a xOf; f k; > kDKiw fz; l thrfk; > ghly; jpUtUl;gh ,uhkypq;f mbfshH grpj;JaH Nghf;fp kf;fSf;F cztspf;f ve;jr; rhiyia mikj;jhH? mwr; r hiyia mwpTnewp tpsq; f ,uhkypq; f mbfshH epWtpa rig vJ? Qhdrig fhyk; 5.10.1823 Kjy; 30.1.1874 tiu

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jpUf;Fwis ,aw;wpatH ahH? jpUts; S tH jpUts;Stu; tho;e;j fhyk;? fp.K. 31 vd;W $WtH


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9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com 16. nrhw;nghUs; 1. MHtyH - md;GilatH 2. Gd;fzPH - Jd;gk; fz;L ngUFk; fz;zPH 3. g+ry;jUk; - ntspg;gl;L epw;Fk; 4. vd;G - vYk;G (,q;F cly;>nghUs;> Mtpiaf; Fwpf;fpwJ) 5. xw;iwf;nfhk;G> ,ul;ilf; nfhk;G NtWghL ,Uf;fhJ 22. vOj; j hzp nfhz; L vOJk; Xiyf;F vd;d ngaH? Xiyr; R tb 23. ekf;fhfj; jhspy; vOjp> mr;rpl;Lg; Gj;jfj;ij toq;fpatH ahH? c.Nt.rhkpehja; a H 24. FwpQr; pgg; hl;L vd;Dk; Rtbapy; vj;jid tifahd g+ff ; spd; ngaHfs; ,Ue;jd? njhz;Z}w;W xd;gJ 25. FwpQ; r pg; g hl; L vd; D k; E}ypd; MrpupaH. fgpyH 26. Xiyr;Rtbfs; ghJfhf;fg;gLk; rpy ,lq;fs; ahit? 1. fPoj ; j ; pirf; Rtbfs; E}yfk;> nrd; i d 2. muR Mtzf; fhg;gfk;> nrd;id 3. cyfj;jkpo; Muha;rr ; p epWtdk;> nrd; i d 4. ruRtjp kfhy;> jQ;rht+H

ciueil jkpo;j;jhj;jh c.Nt.rh

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www.kalvisolai.com 27. c.Nt.rhkpehja;aH ve;j Cupy; gpwe;jhH? jpUth&H khtl; l j; j py; cs; s cj; j kjhdGuk; 28. c.Nt.rhkpehja;aupd; ,aw;ngaH vd;d? Ntq; f luj; j pdk; 29. c.Nt.rh.tpd; MrpupaH ngaH ? kfhtpj;Jthd; kPdhl;rp Re;juk; gps; i s 30. MrpupaH c.Nt.rhkpehja;aUf;F itj;j ngaH vJ? rhkpehjd; 31. c . N t . r h t p u p j ; J f ; $ W f ? cj;jkjhdGuk; Ntq;fl Rg;igaH kfdhd rhkpehjd;. 32. c.Nt.rh.ve;j Mz;L gpwe;jhH. 19.2.1855 33. c.Nt.rh ve;j Mz;L ,aw;if va;jpdhH? 28.4.1942 34. jkpoj ; j ; hj;jhtpd; tho;fi ; f tuyhw;wpd; E}ypd; ngaH ahJ? vd; r upjk; 35. c.Nt.rh tho;fi ; f tuyhw;iw ve;j ,jopy; njhluhf vOjpdhH? Mde;j tpfld; c.Nt.rh. gjpg;gpj;j E}y;fs; 1. vl;Lj;njhif 8 2. gj;Jg;ghl;L 10 3. rPtfrpe;jhkzp 1 4. rpyg;gjpfhuk; 1 5. kzpNkfiy 1

36. 37. 38.

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6. Guhzq;fs; 12 7. cyh 9 8. Nfhit 6 9. J}J 6 10. ntz;gh E}y;fs; 13 11. me;jhjp 3 12. guzp 2 13. Kk;kzpf;Nfhit 2 14. ,ul;il kzpkhiy 2 15. ,jugpuge;jq;fs; 4 c.Nt.rh. E}y; epiyak; ve;j Mz;L epWtg;gl;lJ? 1942 c.Nt.rh. E}y; epiyak; ve;j efupy; njhlHe;J nray;gl;L tUfpwJ? nrd;idapy; cs;s ngrd;le ; fH c.Nt.rh. mtHfspd; jkpo; g ; gzpfisg; ghuhl;ba ntspehl;L mwpQHfs; ahH? [p.A.Nghg;> #ypa]; tpd;Nrhd; eLtz; muR>c.Nt.rh.mtHfspd; jkpoj ; n ; jhz;bidg; ngUikg;gLj;Jk; tifapy; ______ Mk; Mz;L mQ;ry; jiy ntspapl;Lr; rpwg;gpj;J cs;sJ. 2006 Mk; Mz;L

Jizg; g hlk; filrptiu ek; g pf; i f

40. [g; g hdpy; ve; j ve; j ,uz; L ,lq; f spy; mnkupf; f h Fz; L tPrpaJ? 1. `pNuhrpkh 2. ehfrhfp 3


9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com 41. rlNfh ve;j ehl;Lr; rpWkp? [g; g hd; 42. [g;ghdpaH tzq;Fk; gwit vJ? nfhf; F 43. mutpe;j Fg;jh vOjpa E}y;. nld; ypl;by; gpq;fH]; fhfpjj;jpy; cUtq;fs; nra;Ak; fiyia [g;ghdpaH xupfhkp vd;W $WtH

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,yf;fzKk; nkhopj;jpwDk;

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44. ,yf; f zk; vjw; F j; Njitg; gLfpwJ? ehk; NgRk; nkhopia> vOJk; nkhopiar; rupahfg; Gupe; J nfhs; t jw; F 45. jkpopd; Kjy; vOj;J vJ? m 46. ‘m’ vd; D k; vOj; J vjidf; Fwpf;Fk;? kdpjd; 47. ‘q;’ vd;w vOj;Jf;Fg; gpd;dhy; tUk; ,d vOj;J vJ? f 48. kQ;rs;> mQ;rhNj vd;Dk; ,t;tpuz;L nrhw;fspy; vit el;G vOj;Jf;fs;? Q; r 49. ‘e;’ kw;Wk; ‘d;’ ,t;tpuz;Lk; vd;d vOj;Jfs;? nka; 50. ‘r; ’ vd; g J nka; n aOj; J ‘v’ vd;gJ capnuOj;J ,t;tpuz;Lk; NrUk; NghJ khWtJ?

Fwpy; ‘r; ’ vd; g J nka; n aOj; J ‘V’ vd;gJ capnuOj;J ,t;tpuz;Lk; NrUk; NghJ khWtJ? neby; gpupj;J mwpjy; 1.jkf;FupaH - jkf;F + cupaH 2. md;gD P k; - md;G + gdpAk; khwp khwp tUtJ 73. gwitfs; ntapy; kw;Wk; gdp $Ljyhf ,Uf;Fk; NghJ NtW ,lj;jpw;F nry;tjw;F vd;d ngaH? tyir Nghjy; 74. gioafhyj;jpy; ek; Kd;NdhHfs; ,d; i wf; F kio tUk; vd; W vg;gbf; $WtH? gwitfs; ,lk; khWtij itj;J cyfk; KOtJk; ,Ue;J gy ehl;Lg; gwitfs; te;J jq;fp ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;Jf;Fg; ngaH jhd; gwitfs; ruzhyak;. 75. ek; ehl;by; vj;jid gwitfs; cs;sd? Vwj;jho ,uz;lhapuj;J ehD}W 76. gwitfis vj;jid tifahfg; gpupf;fyhk;? mit ahit? Ie;J tifahfg; gpupf;fyhk; 1.Njidf; Fbj;J thOk; gwitfs; 2.goj;ij cz;L thOk; gwitfs; 3.g+rr ; piaj; jpd;W thOk; gwitfs; 4.Ntl;ilahb cz;Zk; gwitfs;

77.

78.

79.

80.

5.,we;j cly;fis cz;L thOk; gwitfs; rkntsp kuq;fspy; thOk; rpy gwitfs; ahit? kQ;rs; rpl;L> nrq;fhfk;> Rliyf; Fapy;> gdq;fhil> J}f;fzhq; FUtp. ePHepiyfspy; thOk; gwitfs; ahit? nfhf;F> jhiof;Nfhop> gtsf;fhyp> Mw;W cs;shd;> Kf;Fspg;ghd;> ehiu> mupths; %f; f d; > fuz;bthad;> Crpthy;thj;J. kiyfspy; thOk; rpy gwitfs; ahit? ,Uthr;rp> nre;jiyg;g+q;FUtp> kpd; r pl; L > fUQ; r pd; d hd; > eP y fpup nel;ilf;fhyp> nghd;KJF kuq; n fhj; j p> rpd; d f; F Wthd; nfhz;il cothud;> ,uhrhspg; gUe;J> g+kd; Me;ij $e;jd; Fsk; fpuhkj;J kf;fs; Vd; gl; l hR ntbf; f hkYk; Nksk; mbf;fhkYk; ,Uf;fpd;wdH. gwitfs; gae;Jtplhky; ,Uf;f

jkpo; ehl;by; cs;s gwitfs; ruzhyaq;fs; (Gfyplq; f s; ) : 1. 2. 3. 4.

Ntle;jhq;fy; fupf;fpsp (fhQ;rpGuk; khtl;lk;) fQ;rpuq;Fsk; rpj;jpuq;Fb

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www.kalvisolai.com 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

Nky;nry;tD}H (,uhkehjGuk; khtl;lk;) goNtw;fhL (jpUts;@H khtl;lk;) cjakhHj;jhz;lk; (jpUth&H khtl;lk;) tLt+H (jQ;rht+H khtl;lk;) fiuntl;b (nguk;gY}H khtl;lk;) Ntl;lq;Fb (rptfq;if khtl;lk;) nts;NshL ( cyfpy; kdpj ,dk; Njhd; W tjw; F g; gj;Jf;Nfhb Mz;LfSf;F Kd;Ng Njhd;wpaJ. ,e; j pahtpYs; s ,uh[ehfk; jhd; cyfpNyNa kpf ePskhd eQ;Rs;s ghk;G. 15mb ePsKil aJ $Lfl;b thOk; xNu tifg; ghk;G ,J ,uh[ ehfk;> kw;w ghk;GfisNa $l czthf;fpf; nfhs;Sk;. ghk;Gfspd; gw;fs; cs; N ehf; f p tise; j pUf; F k; ,iuiag; gpbj;jhy; jg;gtplhJ. ghk; G fs; ,iuia nkd; W jpd;gjpy;iy. mg;gbNa tpOq;fptpLfpd;wd 87. ghk;G vjw;fhf vr;rpypy; eQ;R itj;jpUf;fpwJ? ,iuiaf; nfhy;yTk;> nrupkhdj; jpw; f hfTk; > 88. ghk;G ve;j mjpHTfis czHe;J Kd;ndr;rupf;ifahf ,Uf;fpwJ.. jiuapd; 89. ghk;G ahUf;F ez;gd;? tptrhapfSf; F xU ghk;igf; nfhd;why;> mjd; ,izg;ghk;G gop thq;Fk; vd;W nrhy;tJz;L. ,J cz;ikad;W. nfhy;yg;gl;l ghk;gpd; clk;gpypUe;J ntspNaWk; xUtif thridj; jputpak; kw;wg; ghk;GfisAk; me;j

Jizg; g hlk; ghk; G fs;

81. ghk;Gg; gz;iz vq;F cs;sJ? nrd;idf; fpz;b 82. ghk;Gfs; ve;j tifiar; rhHe;jit? CHtd tifia 83. cyfj;jpy; vj;jid tif ghk;Gfs; cs;sd? ,uz;lhapuj;J vOE}w;W Ik;gJ 84. ,e;jpahtpy; vj;jid tifahd ghk;Gfs; cs;sd? ,UE}w;W ehw;gj;J ehd;F 85. ghk;Gtiffspy; vj;jid ghk;GfSf;F kl;Lk; er;Rj;jd;ik cz;L? Ik; g j; j puz; L 86. ghk;G tpOq;Ffpw vyp> jtisfs clk; g py; cs; s _____mjw; F g; NghJk;. eP H r; r j; N j. 7


9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com 94. Fwpy; vOj;Jfs; vj;jid mit ahit? Ie;J. m> ,> c> v> x 95. Fwpy; vOj;Jfs; nka; vOj;Jf; fNshL NrUk; NghJ___ vOj;Jfs; cz;lhfpd;wd. capH nka;f;Fwpy; 96. neby; vOj;Jfs; vj;jid? mit ahit? M> C> V> I> X> xs 97. neby; vOj;Jfs;> nka;naOj;Jf; fNshL NrUk; NghJ vOj;Jfs; cz;lhfpd;wd. capHnka; n eby; 98. fPof ; f ; hZk; nrhw;fisf; nfhz;L thf;fpaq;fis mikf;fTk;. 1. fy; - rpw; g q; f s; fy; y py; nrJf; f g; g Lk; 2. fhy; - Nrw;W epyj;jpy; fhiy mOe;j Cd;wp nkJtha; elf;f Ntz; L k; 3. Fil - ntapypypUe;Jk; kioap ypUe;Jk; ek;ikf; fhg;gJ> Fil 4. $il - %q;fpy;fshy; $ilfs; Kilag; g Lfpd; w d 99. NrHj;J vOJf 1. kzk; + cz;L = kzKz;L 2. rpyH + mOthH = rpyuOthH 3. Gfo; + ,oe;Njd; = Gfopoe;Njd; 100. gpupj;J vOJf 1. ,Uk;ghzpfs; - ,Uk;G + Mzpfs; 2. nfhy;yUiy - nfhy;yH + ciy 3. Ntwpy;iy - NtW + ,y;iy

,lk; Nehf; f p tutiof; f pwJ. gopthq;f> ghk;Gfs; tUtjpy;iy ghk; G jd; ehf; i f mbf; f b ntspNa ePl;Lk;. Rw;Wg;Gwj;jpd; thridia mwpe;J nfhs;sj;jhd; ghk;G mt;thW nra;fpwJ. ey;y ghk;gpd; eQ;R Nfhg;uhf;rpd; (Cobrozin) vDk; typePf;fp kUe;J jahupf; f g; g ad; g LfpwJ. ,e; j pa muR tdtpyq; F g; ghJfhg; G r; rl;lk; 1972 ,d; gb> NjhYf;fhfg; ghk;Gfs; nfhy;yg;gLtijj; jLf;f rl;lk; epiwNtw;wp cs;sJ.


90. capH vOj;Jfs; vj;jid tifg;gLk;? mit ahit? gd;dpuz;L. m> M> ,> c> C> v> V> I> x> X> xs. 91. nka; vOj;Jfs; vj;jid? mit ahit? gjpndl;L. f;> q;> r;> Q;> l;> z;> j;> e;> g;> k;> a;> H> y;> t;> o;> s;> w;> d;. 92. jkpopYs; s Kjy; vOj; J fs; nkhj;jk; vj;jid? Kg; g J 93. md;whl Ngr;rpYk;> vOj;jpYk;> ve;j vOj;Jfs; gad;gLfpd;wd? fp> rp> gp> b> jp> kp. capnuOj;J 12 nka;naOj;J 18 capH nka; vOj;J 216 Ma;j vOj;J 1 nkhj;jk; 247


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www.kalvisolai.com 101. ey;y jkpo;rn ; rhw;fis mwpNthk; 1. tha; f ; f hy; - Mw; w pd; xU rpWfpisNa tha;ff ; hy; MFk; 2. nra; - ed;nra; epyq;fspy; ney;Yk; fUk;Gk; kpFjpaha; tpisAk; 3. tz;ik - nghUs; ,y;yhjtHf;Ff; nfhLf; F k; tz; i kf; F zk; vy;yhUf;Fk; Ntz;Lk; 4. Qhyk; - ,e; j Qhyj; j py; cs;NshH midtUk; ek; cwtpdNu 102. gpdt ; Uk; epfo;TfSf;fhd fhuzj;ijf; fz;lwpe;J vOJf 1. kdpjHfs; ahidia Ntl;il ahlf; fhuzk; - je;jk; 2. cyfk; ntg;gkilaf; fhuzk; - thfdg;Gif 3. MWfs; khrilaf; fhuzk; njhopw; r hiyf; fopT 4. kio Fiwaf; fhuzk; fhLfs; mopg;G

105. “kidf; F tpsf; f k; klths; ” vd;Dk; ehd;kzpf;fbifg; ghliy ghbatH ahH? tpsk; g pehfdhH 106. nrhw;nghUs; 1. klths; - ngz; 2. jifrhy; - gz;gpy; rpwe;j 3. kdf;fpdpa - kdj;Jf;F ,dpa 4. fhjy; Gjy;tH - md;Gkf;fs; 5. Xjpd; - vJntd;W nrhy;Yk; NghJ 6. Gfo;rhy; - Gfioj;jUk; 7. czHT - ey;nyz;zk; 107. ehd;kzpf;fbif ve;j E}y;fSs; xd;W. gjpndz; fPo;f;fzf;F 108. FLk;gj;jpd; tpsf;F ahH? ngz; 109. fbif vd;gJ mzpfyd; ( eif) 110. ehd;kzpf;fbif vd;gjd; nghUs;. ehd;F kzpfs; nfhz;l mzpfyd; 111. ehd;kzpf;fbifapd; MrpupaH ahH? tpsk; g pehfdhH 112. tpsk;gp - CHg;ngaH@ ehfdhH vd;gJ Gytupd; ,aw;ngaH

vOj;Jf;fSk; cwTk;

103. jd; vOj; J ld; kl; L k; NrUk; vOj;Jfs; cldpiynka;k; kaf;fk; v.fh gf;fk;> mr;rk; 104. jd; vOj; J ld; NruhJ gpw vOj;Jf;fSld; NrUk; vOj;Jfs;. Ntw;W epiy nka;kk ; af;fk; v.fh. rhHG> tho;f;if

ciueil MuhNuh MupuNuh

113. vOj;J topahf tuhky; ghbg;ghb tha;topahfg; guTfpw ghl;L vJ? ehl; L g; G wg; ghl; L

,ay; 3 nra;As; - ehd;kzpf;fbif

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www.kalvisolai.com 114. Foe;ijiaj; jha; njhl;bypypl;Lg; ghLk; ghl;Lf;F ngaH vd;d? jhyhl; L g; g hly; 115. Kw;fhyj;jpy; jhyhl;Lg; ghly;fis vt;thW $wp te;jhHfs;? fpuhkpag; ghly; f s; 116. nrd;id Nghd;w ngU efuq;fspy; kf;fs; ghLk; _____ $l ehl;Lg;Gwg; ghly;. fhdhg; g hly; 117. flYf; F r; nrd; W kP d ; g pbf; F k; kPdtHfs; vd;d ghl;L ghLthHfs;. ehl; L g; G wg; g hly; 118. ehl; L g; G wg; ghly; f isf; fP o ; f ; fhZk; tiffshfg; gpupf;fyhk;: jhyhl; L g; g hly; f s; tpisahl; L g; g hly; f s; njhopy; ghly; f s; rlq; F g; ghly; f s; nfhz; l hl; l g; ghly; f s; topghl; L g; g hly; f s; xg; g hupg; ghly; f s; 119. gpwe;j Foe;ijf;fhfg; ghLk; ghly; vJ? jhyhl; L g; ghly; 120. nfhQ;rk; tsHe;j gps;isfs; ghLk; ghly; vJ? tpisahl; L g; g hly; 121. fisg;G ePq;f> Ntiy nra;NthH ghLtJ vJ? njhopy; ghly;

122. jpUkzk; kw;Wk; gpw epfo;Tfspy; ghLtJ vJ? rlq; F g; ghly; > nfhz; l hl; l g; ghly; f s; 123. rhkp Fk;gpLNthH ghLk; ghly; vJ? topghl; L g; g hly; 124. ,we;NjhUf;Fg; ghLk; ghly; vJ? xg; g hupg; g hly; f s;

Jizg; g hlk; tPur;rpWtd;

125. kf;fs; neUf;fk; kpFe;j efuk; vJ? nfhy; f j; j h vOj; j hsH [hdfpkzhsd; vd;ghUila mwpit tsHf;Fk; mw; G jf; fijfs; vd; D k; E}ypypUe;J , r ; r p W f i j vLj;jhsg;gl;Ls;sJ. 126. tpy;ypypUe;J Gwg;gl;l mk;igg; Nghyg; gha;e;J rhiyf;F te;jtH ahH? tpNtfhde; j H. 127. gpw;fhyj;jpy; cyfk; Gfo caHe;j Rthkp ahH? tpNtfhde; j H 128. tpNtfhde;jupd; kWngaH vd;d? eNue; j puehj;

,yf;fzKk; nkhopj;jpwDk; ehl;Lg;Gwj; jkpo; mwpNthk;

129. Nfhopaf; Nfl;lh Mdk; fhr;Rthq;f...? Mdk; vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ? Fok; G

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www.kalvisolai.com 130. msf;Fw ehopfF ; mftpiy njupAkh? ehop vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ? jhdpaq;fis msf;Fk; gb 131. mftpiy vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ? jhdpa tpiy 132. jpwe;j tPlL ; f;Fj; jpwTNfhy; vJf;F? jpwTNfhy; vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ? rhtp 133. xw;W vdg;gLtJ ahJ? nka; n aOj; J 134. xw;nwOj;ijr; NrHj;J vOJf ghliy+nrhd;Ndd; = ghliyr; nrhd; N dd; flTis+fz;Nld; = flTisf; fz; N ld; goj;ij+jpd; N wd; = goj;ijj; jpd; N wd; f z ; z D f ; F +n f h L j ; N j d ; = fz;zDf;Ff; nfhLj;Njd; k J i u f ; F +n r y ; N t h k ; = kJiuf; F r; nry; N thk; 135. rupahd nrhw;fisj; NjHe;njLj;Jr; nrhw;nwhliu epug;Gq;fs;. 1. ky;ypif ______ tPrpaJ 2. g+kpia ______ tUNtd; 3. ______gJq;fpg;ghAk; 4. Kfj;jpy;______KWty; Ntz;Lk; 5. eha; ______ epkpuhJ 1. kzk;> 2. tyk;> 3. Gyp> 4. Gd;> 5.thy; 136. jkpor ; n ; rhw;fs; vj;jid tifg;gLk;? mit ahit? jkpo;rn ; rhw;fs; ehd;F tifg;gLk; 1. ngaHr;nrhy;

2. tpidr;nrhy; 3. ,ilr;nrhy; 4. cupr;nrhy; 137. nry;tp te;jhs; vd;w nrhw;nwhlupy; ngaHr;nrhy; vJ? tpidr;nrhy; vJ? nry; t p vd; g J ngaHr; n rhy; te;jhs; vd;gJ tpidr;nrhy; 138. fP o ; f ; f hZk; nrhw; n whlHfspy; cs;s ngaHr;nrhy;fisAk; tpidr; nrhw;fisAk; Rl;Lf.

1. kuk; MbaJ

2. ,UtH ghbdH 3. nra;jp guTk;

ngaHr;

tpidr;

kuk;

MbaJ

nrhy;

,UtH

nra;jp

4. Fkud; tUfpwhd; Fkud;

nrhy;

ghbdH guTk;

tUfpwhd;

139. fP o ; f ; f hZk; nrhw; n whlHfspd; nghUj;jkhd ngaHr;nrhy;iy ,l;L epug;Gf. 1. ______ J}q;fpdhd; 2. ______ g+j;jJ 3. ______ fpupf;nfl;by; ntw;wp ngw;wJ 4. ______ mOjhs; tpil: 1. ghz;bad; 2) ky;ypif> 3) ,e;jpah 4) kzpNkfiy 140. fP o ; f ; f hZk; nrhw; n whlHfspy; nghUj; j khd tpidr; n rhy; i y ,l;L epug;Gf. 1. $l;lk; ______ 2. Me;ij ______ 3. tpd;nrd;l; ghlk; ______ 4. KfkJ jz;zHP ______

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www.kalvisolai.com tpil: 1.fiye;jJ 2. mywpaJ 3.gbj;jhd; 4.gUfpdhd;. 141. tha;nkhopahf tpil $Wf.(Mk; my;yJ ,y;iy) eNue;jpuehj; Jzpr;ry; kpf;ftd; (Mk;> ,y;iy) Mk;

,ay; - 4 nra;As; - ,iraKJ

142. kioNa kioNa th th vd;w ,iraKJ vd;w ghliy vOjpatH ahH? Gul; r pf; f tpQH ghujpjhrd; 143. nrhw;nghUs; 1. thdg;Gdy; - thdj;J ePH 2. Gdy; - ePH 3. itaj;J mKJ - g+kpapd; mKjk; 4. itak; - cyfk;>g+kp 5. jfug;ge;jy; - jfuj;jpy; Nghlg; gl;l ge;jy; 6. nghb - kfue;jg;nghb 7. jio - nrb 8. jioahntg;gk; - ngUFk; ntg;gk; Fiwahj ntg; g k; vd; W k; nghUs; nfhs;syhk; 9. jiof;fTk; - FiwaTk; 144. “Gul;rpf; ftpQH” vd;Wk; ghNte;jH vd;Wk; Gfog;gLgtH ahH? ghujpjhrd; 145. ghujpjhrd; vd;gtupd; ,aw;ngaH? fdfRg; G uj; j pdk;

146. ghujpapd; ftpij kPJ nfhz;l fhjyhy; jk; K ila ngaiu khw;wpf;nfhz;ltH ahH? ghujpjhrd; 147. fdf Rg;Guj;jpd ftpij E}y;fs;? 1. ghz;bad; gupR 2. mofpd; r pupg; G 3. FLk;gtpsf;F 148. Gul;rpf;ftpQH ghujpjhrdpd; tho;ej ; fhyk;. 29.4.1891 Kjy; 21.4.1964 tiu

gonkhop ehD}W

149. “Mw;wTk; fw;whH mwpTilahH” vd;w gonkhop ehD}W ghliy ghbatH ahH? Kd; W iw miuadhH 150. Nghjpa E}y; f is epiwthff; fw;wtH ahH? mwpTilahH 151. mwpTilahupd; Gfo; ve;j jpirfspy; guTk;? ehd; F jpirfspYk; 152. nrhw;nghUs; 1. Mw;wTk; - epiwthf 2. ehw;wpir - ehd;F+jpir 3. jkNtahk; - jk;Kila ehNl MFk; 4. Mw;Wzh - MW+czh 5. MW - top 6. czh - czT (topeil czT ,jidf; “fl;Lr;NrhW“ vd;W ,f;fhyj;jpy; nrhy;Nthk;)

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www.kalvisolai.com 153. gonkhop ehD}W ve;j E}y;fSs; xd;W. gjpndz;fPo;f;fzf;F E}y;fs; 154. ehD}W ghly;fisf; nfhz;l E}y; vJ? gonkhop ehD}W 155. gonkhop ehD}W vd;Dk; ghlypy; tUk; gonkhop Mw;Wzh Ntz;LtJ ,y; vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ? fw;wtDf;Ff ; fl;Lr;NrhW Ntz;lhk; 156. gonkhop ehD}w;wpd; MrpupaH ahH? Kd; W iw miuadhH 157. Kd;Wiw vd;gJ vd;d? CHg; n gaH 158. miuad; vd;w nrhy; ___ Fwpf;Fk; muridf; 159. Mw;Wzh - MW + czh

ciueil kfs; ,e;jpuhTf;F NeU vOjpa fbjk;

164.

165. 166. 167. 168. 169.

160. ekJ ,e;jpa ehl;bd; tpLjiyf; fhfg; ghLgl;l jiytHfspy; xUtH [tfHyhy; NeU 161. ek; ehL tpLjiy ngw;wgpd; Kjy; gpujkuhfg; nghWg;Ngw;wtH ahH? [tfHyhy; NeU 162. [tfHyhy; NeUtpd; md;G kfs; ahH? ,e;jpuh fhe;jp 163. ,e; j puhfhe; j pf; F f; fbjq; f is vj;jid Mz;Lfs; NeU vOjpf; nfhz;bUe;jhH?

170.

171. 172. 173.

1922 Mk; Mz;L Kjy; 1964 Mk; Mz;L tiu 42 Mz;Lfs; fbjq;fs; vOjpdhH. NeU ntspehL nrd;w nghOJk; ,e; j pahtpy; ,Ue; j nghOJk; ahUf;Ff; fbjk; vOjpdhH? kfs; ,e;jpuhfhe;jpf;F ,e;jpuhfhe;jp ve;j fy;Y}upy; NrUk; NghJ NeU fbjk; vOjpdhH? jh$upd; tpRtghujp fy;Y}up tpRtghujp ve;j ,lj;jpy; cs;sJ? Nkw;F tq;fhsj;jpy; NeU ve;jg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; gapd;whH? Nfk; g pupl; [ ; mw;Gjkhd Mq;fpyg;gilg;ghspfs; ahH? Nrf; ] ; g paH> kpy; l d; Gj;jfq;fisg; gw;wp NeU> ,e;jpuh fhe;jpaplk; $wpaJ? gpNsl;Nlhtpd; Gj;jfq;fs; Ritah dit@ rpe;jidiaj; J}z;Lgit ,e;jpuhfhe;jp NeUtplk; ve;j ehtiy thrpf;fg; Nghtjhfr; nrhd;dhH? lhy;];lhapd; “N g h U k ; mikjpAk;” cyfpd; kpfr;rpwe;j E}y;fSs; xd;W. lhy;]l ; hapd; “NghUk; mikjpAk;” ehk; Vd; Gj;jfk; thrpf;f Ntz;Lk;? mwpT ngWtjw; f hf> kfpo; r ; r p miltjw; f hf. Nfk;gpupl;[; - ,q;fpyhe;jpYs;s gy;fiyf;fofk;

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www.kalvisolai.com 174. 175. 176. 177. 178. 179. 180.

Nrf;]g ; paH Mq;fpy ehlf MrpupaH kpy;ld; - Mq;fpyf;ftpQH gpNsl;Nlh - fpNuf;fr; rpe;jidahsH fhspjhrH - tlnkhop ehlf MrpupaH lhy;]l ; ha; - ,u\;a ehl;L vOj;jhsH ngHdhHl;\h - Mq;fpy ehlf MrpupaH ngl;uz;l; u];]y; - rpe;jidahsH: fy;tpahsH 181. my;Nkhuh rpiw - cj;juhQ;ry; khepyj;jpy; cs;sJ 182. fpUgshdp - tpRtghujpapy; gzpGupej ; xU NguhrpupaH


183. kuKk; jioAk; vd;w njhlupy; jio vd;gJ ______ Fwpj;jJ nrbnfhbiaf; 184. MW vd; w nrhy; Y f; F j; j hd; vj;jid nghUs;fs;? MW - XH vz;(6) MW - ejp MW - top 185. ,ul;ilf;fpstp vd;gJ vd;d? ,ul;il vd;why; ,uz;L fpstp vd;why; nrhy; 186. ,ul;ilf;fpstpf;F v.fh jUf? jz jz> fz fz 187. xw;iwf;nfhk;G> ,ul;ilf;nfhk;G fPNo fhz;Nghk; xw;iwf;nfhk;G Fwpy; r; + v + nr = nrb ,ul;ilf;nfhk;G - neby; t; + V + Nt = Nty;

188. 189.

190.

191.

192.

193.

xw;iwf;nfhk;G Jiz vOj;J Fwpy; g; + x + ngh = nghUs; ,ul;ilf; nfhk;G Jiz vOj;J neby; j; + X + Njh = Njhy;tp NeUtpd; JiztpahH ngaH vd;d? fkyh NeU ,e;jpuhfhe;jpf;F NeU ve;j ,lj;jpy; ,Ue;J fbjj;ij vOjpdhH. NeU ,e;jpuhfhe;jpf;F> my;Nkhuh khtl;lr; rpiwr;rhiyapypUe;J vOjpdhH. ,e;jpuhfhe;jp gbj;j gy;fiyf;fofk; vJ? mJ vq;Fs;sJ? ,e;jpuhfhe;jp Mf;]N; ghHL gy;fiyf; fofj;jpy; gbj;jhH> ,q;fpyhe;jpy; cs;sJ. NeU ,e;jpaj; jpUehl;bd; tpLjiyf; f hf> ve; j Mz; b y; gy;NtW tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lq;fspy; ,> c> v> x 95. Fwpy; vOj;Jfs; nka; vOj;Jf; fNshL NrUk; NghJ___ vOj;Jfs; cz;lhfpd;wd. capH nka;f;Fwpy; 96. neby; vOj;Jfs; vj;jid? mit ahit? M> C> V> I> X> xs 97. neby; vOj;Jfs;> nka;naOj;Jf; fNshL NrUk; NghJ vOj;Jfs; cz;lhfpd;wd. capHnka; n eby; 98. fPof ; f ; hZk; nrhw;fisf; nfhz;L thf;fpaq;fis mikf;fTk;. 1. fy; - rpw; g q; f s; fy; y py; nrJf; f g; g Lk; 2. fhy; - Nrw;W epyj;jpy; fhiy mOe;j Cd;wp nkJtha; elf;f Ntz; L k; 3. Fil - ntapypypUe;Jk; kioap ypUe;Jk; ek;ikf; fhg;gJ> Fil 4. $il - %q;fpy;fshy; $ilfs; Kilag; g Lfpd; w d 99. NrHj;J vOJf 1. kzk; + cz;L = kzKz;L 2. rpyH + mOthH = rpyuOthH 3. Gfo; + ,oe;Njd; = Gfopoe;Njd; 100. gpupj;J vOJf 1. ,Uk;ghzpfs; - ,Uk;G + Mzpfs; 2. nfhy;yUiy - nfhy;yH + ciy 3. Ntwpy;iy - NtW + ,y;iy

,lk; Nehf; f p tutiof; f pwJ. gopthq;f> ghk;Gfs; tUtjpy;iy ghk; G jd; ehf; i f mbf; f b ntspNa ePl;Lk;. Rw;Wg;Gwj;jpd; thridia mwpe;J nfhs;sj;jhd; ghk;G mt;thW nra;fpwJ. ey;y ghk;gpd; eQ;R Nfhg;uhf;rpd; (Cobrozin) vDk; typePf;fp kUe;J jahupf; f g; g ad; g LfpwJ. ,e; j pa muR tdtpyq; F g; ghJfhg; G r; rl;lk; 1972 ,d; gb> NjhYf;fhfg; ghk;Gfs; nfhy;yg;gLtijj; jLf;f rl;lk; epiwNtw;wp cs;sJ.


90. capH vOj;Jfs; vj;jid tifg;gLk;? mit ahit? gd;dpuz;L. m> M> ,> c> C> v> V> I> x> X> xs. 91. nka; vOj;Jfs; vj;jid? mit ahit? gjpndl;L. f;> q;> r;> Q;> l;> z;> j;> e;> g;> k;> a;> H> y;> t;> o;> s;> w;> d;. 92. jkpopYs; s Kjy; vOj; J fs; nkhj;jk; vj;jid? Kg; g J 93. md;whl Ngr;rpYk;> vOj;jpYk;> ve;j vOj;Jfs; gad;gLfpd;wd? fp> rp> gp> b> jp> kp. capnuOj;J 12 nka;naOj;J 18 capH nka; vOj;J 216 Ma;j vOj;J 1 nkhj;jk; 247


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www.kalvisolai.com 101. ey;y jkpo;rn ; rhw;fis mwpNthk; 1. tha; f ; f hy; - Mw; w pd; xU rpWfpisNa tha;ff ; hy; MFk; 2. nra; - ed;nra; epyq;fspy; ney;Yk; fUk;Gk; kpFjpaha; tpisAk; 3. tz;ik - nghUs; ,y;yhjtHf;Ff; nfhLf; F k; tz; i kf; F zk; vy;yhUf;Fk; Ntz;Lk; 4. Qhyk; - ,e; j Qhyj; j py; cs;NshH midtUk; ek; cwtpdNu 102. gpdt ; Uk; epfo;TfSf;fhd fhuzj;ijf; fz;lwpe;J vOJf 1. kdpjHfs; ahidia Ntl;il ahlf; fhuzk; - je;jk; 2. cyfk; ntg;gkilaf; fhuzk; - thfdg;Gif 3. MWfs; khrilaf; fhuzk; njhopw; r hiyf; fopT 4. kio Fiwaf; fhuzk; fhLfs; mopg;G

105. “kidf; F tpsf; f k; klths; ” vd;Dk; ehd;kzpf;fbifg; ghliy ghbatH ahH? tpsk; g pehfdhH 106. nrhw;nghUs; 1. klths; - ngz; 2. jifrhy; - gz;gpy; rpwe;j 3. kdf;fpdpa - kdj;Jf;F ,dpa 4. fhjy; Gjy;tH - md;Gkf;fs; 5. Xjpd; - vJntd;W nrhy;Yk; NghJ 6. Gfo;rhy; - Gfioj;jUk; 7. czHT - ey;nyz;zk; 107. ehd;kzpf;fbif ve;j E}y;fSs; xd;W. gjpndz; fPo;f;fzf;F 108. FLk;gj;jpd; tpsf;F ahH? ngz; 109. fbif vd;gJ mzpfyd; ( eif) 110. ehd;kzpf;fbif vd;gjd; nghUs;. ehd;F kzpfs; nfhz;l mzpfyd; 111. ehd;kzpf;fbifapd; MrpupaH ahH? tpsk; g pehfdhH 112. tpsk;gp - CHg;ngaH@ ehfdhH vd;gJ Gytupd; ,aw;ngaH

vOj;Jf;fSk; cwTk;

103. jd; vOj; J ld; kl; L k; NrUk; vOj;Jfs; cldpiynka;k; kaf;fk; v.fh gf;fk;> mr;rk; 104. jd; vOj; J ld; NruhJ gpw vOj;Jf;fSld; NrUk; vOj;Jfs;. Ntw;W epiy nka;kk ; af;fk; v.fh. rhHG> tho;f;if

ciueil MuhNuh MupuNuh

113. vOj;J topahf tuhky; ghbg;ghb tha;topahfg; guTfpw ghl;L vJ? ehl; L g; G wg; ghl; L

,ay; 3 nra;As; - ehd;kzpf;fbif

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9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com 114. Foe;ijiaj; jha; njhl;bypypl;Lg; ghLk; ghl;Lf;F ngaH vd;d? jhyhl; L g; g hly; 115. Kw;fhyj;jpy; jhyhl;Lg; ghly;fis vt;thW $wp te;jhHfs;? fpuhkpag; ghly; f s; 116. nrd;id Nghd;w ngU efuq;fspy; kf;fs; ghLk; _____ $l ehl;Lg;Gwg; ghly;. fhdhg; g hly; 117. flYf; F r; nrd; W kP d ; g pbf; F k; kPdtHfs; vd;d ghl;L ghLthHfs;. ehl; L g; G wg; g hly; 118. ehl; L g; G wg; ghly; f isf; fP o ; f ; fhZk; tiffshfg; gpupf;fyhk;: jhyhl; L g; g hly; f s; tpisahl; L g; g hly; f s; njhopy; ghly; f s; rlq; F g; ghly; f s; nfhz; l hl; l g; ghly; f s; topghl; L g; g hly; f s; xg; g hupg; ghly; f s; 119. gpwe;j Foe;ijf;fhfg; ghLk; ghly; vJ? jhyhl; L g; ghly; 120. nfhQ;rk; tsHe;j gps;isfs; ghLk; ghly; vJ? tpisahl; L g; g hly; 121. fisg;G ePq;f> Ntiy nra;NthH ghLtJ vJ? njhopy; ghly;

122. jpUkzk; kw;Wk; gpw epfo;Tfspy; ghLtJ vJ? rlq; F g; ghly; > nfhz; l hl; l g; ghly; f s; 123. rhkp Fk;gpLNthH ghLk; ghly; vJ? topghl; L g; g hly; 124. ,we;NjhUf;Fg; ghLk; ghly; vJ? xg; g hupg; g hly; f s;

Jizg; g hlk; tPur;rpWtd;

125. kf;fs; neUf;fk; kpFe;j efuk; vJ? nfhy; f j; j h vOj; j hsH [hdfpkzhsd; vd;ghUila mwpit tsHf;Fk; mw; G jf; fijfs; vd; D k; E}ypypUe;J , r ; r p W f i j vLj;jhsg;gl;Ls;sJ. 126. tpy;ypypUe;J Gwg;gl;l mk;igg; Nghyg; gha;e;J rhiyf;F te;jtH ahH? tpNtfhde; j H. 127. gpw;fhyj;jpy; cyfk; Gfo caHe;j Rthkp ahH? tpNtfhde; j H 128. tpNtfhde;jupd; kWngaH vd;d? eNue; j puehj;

,yf;fzKk; nkhopj;jpwDk; ehl;Lg;Gwj; jkpo; mwpNthk;

129. Nfhopaf; Nfl;lh Mdk; fhr;Rthq;f...? Mdk; vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ? Fok; G

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9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com 130. msf;Fw ehopfF ; mftpiy njupAkh? ehop vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ? jhdpaq;fis msf;Fk; gb 131. mftpiy vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ? jhdpa tpiy 132. jpwe;j tPlL ; f;Fj; jpwTNfhy; vJf;F? jpwTNfhy; vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ? rhtp 133. xw;W vdg;gLtJ ahJ? nka; n aOj; J 134. xw;nwOj;ijr; NrHj;J vOJf ghliy+nrhd;Ndd; = ghliyr; nrhd; N dd; flTis+fz;Nld; = flTisf; fz; N ld; goj;ij+jpd; N wd; = goj;ijj; jpd; N wd; f z ; z D f ; F +n f h L j ; N j d ; = fz;zDf;Ff; nfhLj;Njd; k J i u f ; F +n r y ; N t h k ; = kJiuf; F r; nry; N thk; 135. rupahd nrhw;fisj; NjHe;njLj;Jr; nrhw;nwhliu epug;Gq;fs;. 1. ky;ypif ______ tPrpaJ 2. g+kpia ______ tUNtd; 3. ______gJq;fpg;ghAk; 4. Kfj;jpy;______KWty; Ntz;Lk; 5. eha; ______ epkpuhJ 1. kzk;> 2. tyk;> 3. Gyp> 4. Gd;> 5.thy; 136. jkpor ; n ; rhw;fs; vj;jid tifg;gLk;? mit ahit? jkpo;rn ; rhw;fs; ehd;F tifg;gLk; 1. ngaHr;nrhy;

2. tpidr;nrhy; 3. ,ilr;nrhy; 4. cupr;nrhy; 137. nry;tp te;jhs; vd;w nrhw;nwhlupy; ngaHr;nrhy; vJ? tpidr;nrhy; vJ? nry; t p vd; g J ngaHr; n rhy; te;jhs; vd;gJ tpidr;nrhy; 138. fP o ; f ; f hZk; nrhw; n whlHfspy; cs;s ngaHr;nrhy;fisAk; tpidr; nrhw;fisAk; Rl;Lf.

1. kuk; MbaJ

2. ,UtH ghbdH 3. nra;jp guTk;

ngaHr;

tpidr;

kuk;

MbaJ

nrhy;

,UtH

nra;jp

4. Fkud; tUfpwhd; Fkud;

nrhy;

ghbdH guTk;

tUfpwhd;

139. fP o ; f ; f hZk; nrhw; n whlHfspd; nghUj;jkhd ngaHr;nrhy;iy ,l;L epug;Gf. 1. ______ J}q;fpdhd; 2. ______ g+j;jJ 3. ______ fpupf;nfl;by; ntw;wp ngw;wJ 4. ______ mOjhs; tpil: 1. ghz;bad; 2) ky;ypif> 3) ,e;jpah 4) kzpNkfiy 140. fP o ; f ; f hZk; nrhw; n whlHfspy; nghUj; j khd tpidr; n rhy; i y ,l;L epug;Gf. 1. $l;lk; ______ 2. Me;ij ______ 3. tpd;nrd;l; ghlk; ______ 4. KfkJ jz;zHP ______

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9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com tpil: 1.fiye;jJ 2. mywpaJ 3.gbj;jhd; 4.gUfpdhd;. 141. tha;nkhopahf tpil $Wf.(Mk; my;yJ ,y;iy) eNue;jpuehj; Jzpr;ry; kpf;ftd; (Mk;> ,y;iy) Mk;

,ay; - 4 nra;As; - ,iraKJ

142. kioNa kioNa th th vd;w ,iraKJ vd;w ghliy vOjpatH ahH? Gul; r pf; f tpQH ghujpjhrd; 143. nrhw;nghUs; 1. thdg;Gdy; - thdj;J ePH 2. Gdy; - ePH 3. itaj;J mKJ - g+kpapd; mKjk; 4. itak; - cyfk;>g+kp 5. jfug;ge;jy; - jfuj;jpy; Nghlg; gl;l ge;jy; 6. nghb - kfue;jg;nghb 7. jio - nrb 8. jioahntg;gk; - ngUFk; ntg;gk; Fiwahj ntg; g k; vd; W k; nghUs; nfhs;syhk; 9. jiof;fTk; - FiwaTk; 144. “Gul;rpf; ftpQH” vd;Wk; ghNte;jH vd;Wk; Gfog;gLgtH ahH? ghujpjhrd; 145. ghujpjhrd; vd;gtupd; ,aw;ngaH? fdfRg; G uj; j pdk;

146. ghujpapd; ftpij kPJ nfhz;l fhjyhy; jk; K ila ngaiu khw;wpf;nfhz;ltH ahH? ghujpjhrd; 147. fdf Rg;Guj;jpd ftpij E}y;fs;? 1. ghz;bad; gupR 2. mofpd; r pupg; G 3. FLk;gtpsf;F 148. Gul;rpf;ftpQH ghujpjhrdpd; tho;ej ; fhyk;. 29.4.1891 Kjy; 21.4.1964 tiu

gonkhop ehD}W

149. “Mw;wTk; fw;whH mwpTilahH” vd;w gonkhop ehD}W ghliy ghbatH ahH? Kd; W iw miuadhH 150. Nghjpa E}y; f is epiwthff; fw;wtH ahH? mwpTilahH 151. mwpTilahupd; Gfo; ve;j jpirfspy; guTk;? ehd; F jpirfspYk; 152. nrhw;nghUs; 1. Mw;wTk; - epiwthf 2. ehw;wpir - ehd;F+jpir 3. jkNtahk; - jk;Kila ehNl MFk; 4. Mw;Wzh - MW+czh 5. MW - top 6. czh - czT (topeil czT ,jidf; “fl;Lr;NrhW“ vd;W ,f;fhyj;jpy; nrhy;Nthk;)

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9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com 153. gonkhop ehD}W ve;j E}y;fSs; xd;W. gjpndz;fPo;f;fzf;F E}y;fs; 154. ehD}W ghly;fisf; nfhz;l E}y; vJ? gonkhop ehD}W 155. gonkhop ehD}W vd;Dk; ghlypy; tUk; gonkhop Mw;Wzh Ntz;LtJ ,y; vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ? fw;wtDf;Ff ; fl;Lr;NrhW Ntz;lhk; 156. gonkhop ehD}w;wpd; MrpupaH ahH? Kd; W iw miuadhH 157. Kd;Wiw vd;gJ vd;d? CHg; n gaH 158. miuad; vd;w nrhy; ___ Fwpf;Fk; muridf; 159. Mw;Wzh - MW + czh

ciueil kfs; ,e;jpuhTf;F NeU vOjpa fbjk;

164.

165. 166. 167. 168. 169.

160. ekJ ,e;jpa ehl;bd; tpLjiyf; fhfg; ghLgl;l jiytHfspy; xUtH [tfHyhy; NeU 161. ek; ehL tpLjiy ngw;wgpd; Kjy; gpujkuhfg; nghWg;Ngw;wtH ahH? [tfHyhy; NeU 162. [tfHyhy; NeUtpd; md;G kfs; ahH? ,e;jpuh fhe;jp 163. ,e; j puhfhe; j pf; F f; fbjq; f is vj;jid Mz;Lfs; NeU vOjpf; nfhz;bUe;jhH?

170.

171. 172. 173.

1922 Mk; Mz;L Kjy; 1964 Mk; Mz;L tiu 42 Mz;Lfs; fbjq;fs; vOjpdhH. NeU ntspehL nrd;w nghOJk; ,e; j pahtpy; ,Ue; j nghOJk; ahUf;Ff; fbjk; vOjpdhH? kfs; ,e;jpuhfhe;jpf;F ,e;jpuhfhe;jp ve;j fy;Y}upy; NrUk; NghJ NeU fbjk; vOjpdhH? jh$upd; tpRtghujp fy;Y}up tpRtghujp ve;j ,lj;jpy; cs;sJ? Nkw;F tq;fhsj;jpy; NeU ve;jg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; gapd;whH? Nfk; g pupl; [ ; mw;Gjkhd Mq;fpyg;gilg;ghspfs; ahH? Nrf; ] ; g paH> kpy; l d; Gj;jfq;fisg; gw;wp NeU> ,e;jpuh fhe;jpaplk; $wpaJ? gpNsl;Nlhtpd; Gj;jfq;fs; Ritah dit@ rpe;jidiaj; J}z;Lgit ,e;jpuhfhe;jp NeUtplk; ve;j ehtiy thrpf;fg; Nghtjhfr; nrhd;dhH? lhy;];lhapd; “N g h U k ; mikjpAk;” cyfpd; kpfr;rpwe;j E}y;fSs; xd;W. lhy;]l ; hapd; “NghUk; mikjpAk;” ehk; Vd; Gj;jfk; thrpf;f Ntz;Lk;? mwpT ngWtjw; f hf> kfpo; r ; r p miltjw; f hf. Nfk;gpupl;[; - ,q;fpyhe;jpYs;s gy;fiyf;fofk;

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www.kalvisolai.com 174. 175. 176. 177. 178. 179. 180.

Nrf;]g ; paH Mq;fpy ehlf MrpupaH kpy;ld; - Mq;fpyf;ftpQH gpNsl;Nlh - fpNuf;fr; rpe;jidahsH fhspjhrH - tlnkhop ehlf MrpupaH lhy;]l ; ha; - ,u\;a ehl;L vOj;jhsH ngHdhHl;\h - Mq;fpy ehlf MrpupaH ngl;uz;l; u];]y; - rpe;jidahsH: fy;tpahsH 181. my;Nkhuh rpiw - cj;juhQ;ry; khepyj;jpy; cs;sJ 182. fpUgshdp - tpRtghujpapy; gzpGupej ; xU NguhrpupaH


183. kuKk; jioAk; vd;w njhlupy; jio vd;gJ ______ Fwpj;jJ nrbnfhbiaf; 184. MW vd; w nrhy; Y f; F j; j hd; vj;jid nghUs;fs;? MW - XH vz;(6) MW - ejp MW - top 185. ,ul;ilf;fpstp vd;gJ vd;d? ,ul;il vd;why; ,uz;L fpstp vd;why; nrhy; 186. ,ul;ilf;fpstpf;F v.fh jUf? jz jz> fz fz 187. xw;iwf;nfhk;G> ,ul;ilf;nfhk;G fPNo fhz;Nghk; xw;iwf;nfhk;G Fwpy; r; + v + nr = nrb ,ul;ilf;nfhk;G - neby; t; + V + Nt = Nty;

188. 189.

190.

191.

192.

193.

xw;iwf;nfhk;G Jiz vOj;J Fwpy; g; + x + ngh = nghUs; ,ul;ilf; nfhk;G Jiz vOj;J neby; j; + X + Njh = Njhy;tp NeUtpd; JiztpahH ngaH vd;d? fkyh NeU ,e;jpuhfhe;jpf;F NeU ve;j ,lj;jpy; ,Ue;J fbjj;ij vOjpdhH. NeU ,e;jpuhfhe;jpf;F> my;Nkhuh khtl;lr; rpiwr;rhiyapypUe;J vOjpdhH. ,e;jpuhfhe;jp gbj;j gy;fiyf;fofk; vJ? mJ vq;Fs;sJ? ,e;jpuhfhe;jp Mf;]N; ghHL gy;fiyf; fofj;jpy; gbj;jhH> ,q;fpyhe;jpy; cs;sJ. NeU ,e;jpaj; jpUehl;bd; tpLjiyf; f hf> ve; j Mz; b y; gy;NtW tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lq;fspy; gyUila tPLfs; 5. Gfy; xz;zhNj - nry;yhNj 6. rhw;Wk; - Gfo;rr ; pahfg; NgRtJ@ 7. flk; - clk;G 196. rpj;jHfs; vj;jid Mz;LfSf;F Kd; jkpofj;jpd; fhL kiyfspy; tho;e;jtHfs;. RkhH ehD}W Mz;LfSf;F Kd; 197. rpj;jHfspd; fhuzg;ngaHfs; ahJ? ghk;ghl;br;rpj;jH> Fjk;igr;rpj;jH> mOFzpr;rpj;jH. 198. cUt topghL nra;ahky; ntl;l ntspiaNa flTshf topgl;ltH ahH? fLntspr; r pj; j H 199. vspa nrhw;fspd; mwpTiufisr; nrhd;dtH ahH? fLntspr; r pj; j H

ciueil ,sikapy; ngupahH Nfl;l Nfs; t p

200. ,uhkrhkpapd; ngw; N whu; ngaH vd;d? ntq;flg;gUf;Fk;- rpd;dj; jhak; k hs; 201. nrhe; j khfr; rpe; j pj; J g; Gupe; J nfhs;s epidf;fpwtH ahH? ,uhkrhkp 202. ,uhkrhkpapd; CH vJ? Fj;Jr;rz;il 223. ngupahH ve;j murhq;fg;gzpapy; ngz;fSk; NruNtz;Lk; vd;whH. ,uhZtk; > fhty; J iw 224. ngupahH ve;j tajpYk; $lg; Gjpa rpe;jidfis vLj;Jf;$wpdhH? njhz; Z }w; i we; J taJ 225. ngupahH ve;j Mz;L gpwe;jhH? 17.09.1879 ,y; gpwe;jhH. 226. ngupahH ve;j Mz;L kiwe;jhH? 24.12.1973 227. ngupahH jk; tho; e hspy; 8600 ehs;fs;> 13>12>000 fpNyh kPl;lH J}uk; gazk; nra; J > 10>700 $l;lq;fspy; 21>400 kzp Neuk; kf;fSf;fhf ciuahw;wpr; r%fj; njhz;lhw;wpdhH. 228. 1970 Mk; Mz;L r%fr;rPHjpUj;jr; nray;ghLfSf;fhf If;fpaehLfs; mitapy; ve;j tpUJ ngupahUf;F toq;fg;gl;lJ. “And];Nfh tpUJ”

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9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com 229. v e ; j M z ; L e L t z ; m u R ngupahupd; cUtk; nghwpj; j mQ; r y; jiyia ntspapl; L r; rpwg;gpj;Js;sJ. 1978 Mk; Mz;L

,yf; f zk;

230. gpiofs; 1) xw; W g; g piofs; flikia nra;@ gyidNfs; kurhkhd;fs; thliff;F fpilf;Fk; 2) Fwpy; neby; gpiofs; rhg;ghL jhahH gs;spf;Flk; mUfpy; cs;sJ 3) JiznaOj;Jg; gpiofs; (n> N> d;) kUj;Jtkd ghFk; thop ,q;F gl;L rhy;ypj; jug;ghLk; 4) kaq; n fhypg; gpio ,Urf;fu thfdk; gYJ ghHf;fg;gLk; jpdrup gfs; fhl;rp cz;L. 231. kWj;jy;fSf;Ff; Fwpg;G 1. kWj;jy; vd;gJ mfk;ghtk; ,y;iy 2. kWj;jy; vd;gJ gzpahik md;W 3. jtwhd fUj;Jf;fis kWj;jhy; jhd; ehk; tsu KbAk; 4. Jzpr;rypd; milahsk; jtwhdtw;iw kWg;gJ 5. %lek; g pf; i ffis kWg; g J Kd;Ndw;wk; 6. kWg;gJ ngz;Zf;Fg; ghJfhg;G 7. kWj;jy; miu Fiwahf ,Ue;J gad; ,y;iy@ cWjpahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

,ay; - 6 nra;As; - GwehD}W

232. “ehlhF xd;Nwh@ fhlhF xd;Nwh” vd; w GwehD}w; W g; ghliyg; ghbatH ahH? xsitahH 233. nrhw; n ghUs; 1. xd;Nwh - njhlUk; nrhy; 2. ehlhF xd;Nwh - ehlhf ,Ue;jhy; vd;d my;yJ.... vdj; njhlUk; 3. mty; - gs;sk; 4. kpir - NkL 5. ey;iy - ed;whf ,Ug;gha;@ 6. MltH - Mz;fs; (,q;F kdpjH fisg; nghJthff; Fwpj;jJ) 234. GwehD}W- ,ijg; gpupj;J vOJf Gwk; + ehd;F + E}W 235. GwehD}W ve;j E}y;fSs; xd;W? vl;Lj;njhif E}y;fs; 236. E}y; F wpg; G ,e; E }y; GytH gyH ,aw; w pa ghly;fspd; njhFg;G. vl;Lj;njhif Ak; gj;Jg;ghl;Lk; rq;f E}y;fSk; rq;f ,yf;fpak; gz;ghL Mfpatw;iw mwpa cjTk; E}yhfg; GwehD}W jpfo;fpwJ. 237. xsitahH ahH? rq; f g; G ytH 238. xsitahupd; ez;gd; ahH? mjpakhd; 239. xsitahH mupaney;ypf;fdpia ahuplk; ngw;wtH? mjpakhdplk;

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9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com 240. MrpupaH Fwpg; G :rq;f fhyj;jpy; ngz; ftpQH gyH ,Ue;jdH mtHfSs; kpFjpahd ghly;fs; ghbatH xsitahH. rq;fg;ghly; ghba xsitahUk;> Mj; j p#b ghba xsitahUk; xUtH my;yH@ NtW NtwhdtH.

247. 248.

GJf; f tpij jpz;izia ,bj;Jj; njUthf; F !

249.

241. cl; f hH ez; g h> eye; j hdh? eP xJq;fp tho;tJ rupjhdh? vd;w ghlypd; MrpupaH ahH? jhuhghujp 242. ve;jf; ftpQH vOr;rpkpff ; ftpijfs; vOJtjpy; ty;ytH? ftpQH jhuhghujp 243. jkpof murpd; ey;yhrpupaH tpUJ ngw;wtH ahH? jhuhghujp 244. jhuhghujp ftpijfs; ______ Kjypad ,tHjk; E}y;fSs; rpy. Gjpa tpbay;fs;> ,J vq;fs; fpof;F 245. jhuhghujp tho;e;j fhyk; 26.02.1947 Kjy; 13.05.2000 tiu

250.

251. 252.

253.

ciueil Njrpak; fhj;j nrk;ky;

246. mbikj;jis ePq;ff; fz;zPUk; nre;ePUk; rpe;jpNahH ahH? jkpofj;jpy; Rg;gpukzpa rpth> t>Nt.R. IaH> fg;gNyhl;ba jkpod; t.crp.> thQ;rpehjd;> jpUg;g+H

254.

Fkud; > KjypNahH gRk; n ghd; Kj; J uhkypq; f j; N jtH Kj; J uhkypq; f j; NjtH ve; j khtl;lj;jpy; gpwe;jhH? ,uhkehjGuk; Kj;Juhkypq;fj; Njtupd; CH? gRk; n ghd; Kj;Juhkypq;fj;NjtH ve;j Mz;L> ehspy; gpwe;jhH? 1908 Mk; Mz; L mf; N lhgHj; jpq;fs; 30 Mk; ehs; Kj;Juhkypq;fj;Njtupd; ngw;NwhH ahH? jpU. cf; f pughz; b j; N jtH> jpUkjp. ,e;jpuhzp mk;ikahH. Kj;Juhkypq;fj; Njtupd; MrpupaH ahH? Fiwtw thrpj;jhd; gps;is Kj;Juhkypq;fj; NjtH njhlf;ff; fy;tpia _____ fKjpapYs;s njhlf;fg; gs;spapy; ngw;whH. fpwpj; J tg; ghjpupahHfsplk; Kj;Juhkypq;fj; NjtH ve;j ve;jg; gs;spfspy; gbj;jhH? 1. caHepiyg;gs;sp gRkiyapy; gapd; w hH. 2. If;fpaf; fpwpj;Jtg; gs;spapy; 3. ,uhkehjGuk; muR caHepiyg; gs;spapy; gj;jhk; tFg;Gg; gbj;jhH. ,uhkehjGuj;jpy; gbj;Jf; nfhz;b Uf;Fk; NghJ ve;j Neha; gutp Kj; J uhkypq; f j; NjtH fy; t p epd;wJ.

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255.

256. 257. 258.

259. 260.

gpNsf; Neha; ,uhkypq;fj;NjtH ve;jg; gl;lwpit kpFjpahfg; ngw;whH? gs;spg;gbg;G epd;whYk; Nfs;tp awpitAk; gl;lwpitAk; Kj;Juhkypq;fj;NjtH ve;j ,U nkhopfspy; ty;yik ngw;wtH? jkpo;> Mq;fpyk; jkpo;> Mq;fpyk; nkhopfspy; _____ jpwd; ngw;wtH. nrhw; n ghopthw; W k; jpwd; ,uhkypq;fj; NjtH vjid fw;wwpe;jhH? rpyk;gk;> FjpiuVw;wk;> Jg;ghf;fpr; RLjy;> Nrhjplk;> kUj;Jtk;. ,sikapNyNa _______ MHtq; nfhz;lhH. murpaypy; ,sik Kjw;nfhz;Nl nghJj; njhz;by; 3). jkpo; j ; n jd; w y; > 4).chpik Ntl;if> 5). KUfd; my; y J moF> 6).rP h ; j pUj; j k; my; y J ,sik tpUe; J > 7). nghJik Ntl;ly;. 9) jpU.tp.f mth;fs; tho;ej ; fhyk; vd;d? 26.08.1883 - 17.09.1953 10) jpU.tp.f ,aw;wpa tho;jJ ; g; ghly; ve;E}ypy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ? nghJik Ntl; l y;

9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com 11) nghJik Ntl;ly; vd;Dk; E}y; ve;jj; jiyg;gpy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ? Nghw; w p 12) nghJik Ntl;ly; vjidf; fle;J cyfj;ij xU FLk;gkhff; fUJfpwJ? ehL> kjk;> ,dk;> nkhop> epwk; 13) nja;tepr;rak; Kjyhfg; Nghw;wp Njth; > Kjw; g htyh; > nja; t g; Gyth; > ehd; K fd; > khjhDgq;fp> nre;ehg; Nghjhh;> ngUehtyh; > ngha; a py; Gyth; vd; g d 27) jpUts;Sth; fhyk; vJ? fp.K. 31 28) kdpjd; kdpjdhf tho> kdpjd; kdpjDf;Ff; $wpa mwpTiujhd; ------------- MFk;. jpUf; F ws; 29) -------------- vd;Dk; milnkhopiag; ngw;Wj; jpUf;Fws; vd toq;fg; ngWfpwJ. jpU 30) jpUf;Fws; vj;jid gphpTfisf; nfhz;lJ? mit ahit? %d;W gphpTfisf; nfhz;lJ. mit:m. mwj;Jg;ghy; M. nghUl; g hy; ,. ,d;gj;Jg;ghy;

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9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com 31) ,e;E}y; jpUf;Fws; vd;W vjdhy; ngah; ngw;wJ? jpU + Fws;. Nkd;ikahd Fws; ntz;ghf;fshy; ,aw;wg;gl;ljhy; ,g;ngah; ngw;wJ. 32) jpUf;Fws; vj;jid mjpfhuq;fis cilaJ. 133 mjpfhuq;fs; 33) jpUf;Fws; xt;nthU mjpfhuj;jpwF ; k; vj;jid ghly;fis nfhz;lJ? 10 34) jpUf;Fws; vj;jid Fwl;ghf;fshy; MdJ? Mapuj;J Ke;E}w;W Kg;gJ 35) jpUf;Fws; -------------- E}y;fSs; xd;W gjpndz; f P o f; ; f zf; F 36) jpUf;Fws; Vd; “cyfg; nghJkiw” vd;W toq;fg; ngWfpwJ? cyfk; Vw; F k; fUj; J fisf; nfhz;Ls;sjhy; ,t;thW toq;fg; ngWfpwJ. 37) jpUf;Fws; vj;jid nkhopfspy; nkhopngah;ff ; g; ngw;Ws;sJ? E}w;NwO nkhopfspy; (107) 38) jpUf;Fwspd; NtW ngah;fs; vd;d? Kg;ghy;> cj;juNtjk;> nja;tE}y;> jpUts; S th; > ngha; a hnkhop> thAiw tho; j ; J > jkpo; k iw> nghJkiw vd;gd. 39) nrhw;nghUs;:1. Giu - Fw;wk; 2. gaf;Fk; - jUk; 3. RLk; - tUj;Jk;

40)

41)

42) 43)

44)

4. md;d - mit Nghy; td 5. va;ahik - tUe;jhky; 6. mfk; - cs;sk; 7. mikAk; - cz;lhFk; jpUf;Fws; E}ypd; gad; ahJ? jpUf; F ws; fw; g jdhy; kdpj tho;fi ; f nrk;ikAWk;. gz;Gfs; tsUk;. cynfyhk; xd;nwDk; cah;Fzk; Njhd;Wk;> kdpjh;fsp ilNa NtWghLfs; kiwAk; > vy;yh caphplj;Jk; md;G jiof; F k; . cliy ePH J}a;ik nra;Ak;: ------------- cs; s j; J}a; i kia ntspg;gLj;Jk;. tha; i k tha;ik vd;why; vd;d? kw; w th; f Sf; F j; jP q ; F juhj nrhw; f isg; NgRjy; . gphpj;J vOJf:1. ahnjdpd; - ahJ + vdpd; 2. ngha;ahnjhOfpd; - ngha;ahJ + xOfpd; gpd;tUk; nrhw;fisr; nrhw;nwhlhpy; mikf;f 1: ,aw;if Fw;whyj;jpy; cs;s ,aw;iff; fhl;rpfs; cs;sj;ijf; fth;fpd;wd. 2: ngz;ik ghujpahh; ngz;ikiag; Nghw;wpg; ghbAs;shh; 3: tha;ik tha;ikNa nty;Yk; vd;w njhlh; jkpof murpd; rpd;dj;jpy; cs;sJ. 4. cs;sk; Foe;ijapd; cs;sk; fs;sk; Gfh ,lkhFk;.

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www.kalvisolai.com nrk;nkhopj; jkpo;

45) cyfj;jpy; vj;jidf;F Nkw;gl;l nkhopfs; cs;sd? Mwhapuj;jpwF ; k; Nkw;gl;l nkhopfs; cs;sd. 46) ts;syhh; ve;j nkhopia vspjpy; NgrTk;> vspjpy; ghly; ,aw;wTk; ,aw;ifahf mike;J cs;sJ vd;W $Wfpwhh;? njd;nkhopahfpa jkpo; xd;Nw 47) mwpQh;fs; vjid cyf nkhopfspy; rpwe;jJ vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;fs;? jkpo; nkhopNa 48) ------------------ nghUe;jpa nkhopfs; nrk;nkhopfs; vdg;gLk;. jpUe; j pa nrt; t pay; G fs; 49) nkhopapay; mwpQh; r.mfj;jpa ypq;fk; vtw;iw vy;yhk; nrk;nkhopfs; vdg;gl;baypLfpwhh;? fpNuf;fk;> ,yj;jd P >; rkw;fpUjk;> rPdk;> vgpNuak;> muG> ,yj;jPd;> rkw;fpUjk; 51) cyfpy; ,d;W toq;Fk; nkhopfs; Njhd;Wtjw;F Kd;ghfNt jkpo;nkhop ------------------ tsq;fisf; nfhz;ljhf tpsq;fpaJ? vz;zw;w ,yf;fz ,yf;fpa tsq; fisf; nfhz;ljhf tpsq;fpaJ. 52) jkpior; nrk;nkhop vd epiyehl;L tjw;F chpa rhd;Wfshf vit jpfo;fpd;wd? njhy;fhg;gpak;> gj;Jg;ghl;L> vl;Lj; njhif> gjpndz;fo P f ; ; fzf;F> rpyg; g jpfhuk; > kzpNkfiy> Kj; n jhs; s hapuk; > ,iwadhh;

53)

54)

55) 56)

57)

58) 59)

mfg;nghUs; Mfpa nrt;tpay; ,yf;fpaq;fs; MFk;. gjpndz;fPo;f;fzf;fpy; xd;whd -------------------- ,izahd NtW E}y; cyfpy; ,y;iy. jpUf; F wSf; F jkpo;nkhop mofhd rpj;jpu Ntiyg; ghlike;j nts;spjj ; l;L: jpUf;Fws; mjpy; itf; f g; g l; L s; s jq; f Mg;gps;: jkpo; vd;id ,d;Wk; ,sik khwhky; fd; d pj; j kpoha; _____ ,Ue; J tUfpd;wJ. jkpo; nkhop ngw;Nwhiuf; Fwpf;Fk; ---------- vd;Wk; nrhy; ehQ;rpy; ehl;by; ,d;Wk; cs;sJ. mk;ik> mg;gd; --------------- ,y;yhj cyfg; ngUnkhop ahnjhd;Wk; ,y;iy jkpo;r; nrhy;

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9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com 60) fhy;Lnty; jkpo; nkhopia vt;thW $Wfpwhh;? “jkpo; gpwnkhopj; Jizapd;wpj; jdpj;J ,aq;FtJ kl;Lkd;wpj; jioj;Njhq;fTk; nra;Ak;” vd;W $wpdhh; . 61) nkhopfF ; ----------------- tuk;Gk;> nrhw;fSf;Fj; ------------ tbTk; ,d;wpaikahjJ. ,yf;fz> jpUe;jpa 62) jkpopy; cs; s J Nghy; > NtW vk; n khopapYk; fhz ,ayhJ. Mjyhy; jkpo; -------------- vdg;gl;lJ. nre; j kpo; 63) njhy;fhg;gpa E}w;gh vd;gJ vd;d? vy;yhr; nrhy;Yk; nghUs; Fwpj; j dNt 64) jkpopy; ------------ ngah;fs; kpfTk; FiwT. ,LFwpg; 65) jkpo; kw;Wk; tlnkhopapy; vj;jid vz;fs; cs;sd? mit ahit? jkpopy; ,uz;L tif vz; cz;L. mit:xUik>gd; i k 66) tl nkhopapy; %tif vz; cs;sd. mit: xUik> ,Uik> gd;ik 67) jkpopy; vjw; F g; ghy; N tWghL cz; L ? vjw; F g; ghy; N tWghL ,y;iy? caph; f Sf; F g ; ghy; N tWghL cz;L. nghUs;fSf;Fg; ghy; N tWghL ,y; i y 23


68) jkpo; nkhopapy; cs;s ------------gpw gpwnkhopfspy; ,y;iy. gFg;G Kiw 69) vy;yh nkhopfSk; vjw;F ,yf;fzk; $Wk;? vOj;Jf;Fk;> nrhy;Yf;Fk; 70) tho; t paYf; f hd ,yf; f zkhf vijj; jkpo; nkhop $WfpwJ? nghUspyf; f zj; i j 71) nghUspyf;fzk; vj;jid tifg;gLk;? mit ahit? ,uz;L tifg;gLk;. mit: 1. mfk; 2. Gwk; 72) -------------- nra;As; tiffs; NtW vk;nkhopapYk; ,y;iy. fypg; g h 73) Gyth;fs; nra;ASf;Fr; rpwg;Gr; Nrh;f;f --------------> ---------> Kjypa E}w;Wf; fzf;fhd mzpfisg; gad;gLj;jpdh;. ctik> cUtfk;

CUk; NgUk; (Jizg;ghlk;)

74) jkpo; kf; f s; jk; FbapUg; G g; gFjpfis ----------- vd;w ngauhy; Fwpj;jdh;. Ch; 75) ghgpNyhd; mUNf ------------ vd;Dk; ngahpy; xU efUk;> ---------- vd;Dk; CUk; cs;sjhk; Ch;> Cu;ek;K 76) kf; f s; ehsiltpy; gy; N tW Ch;fs; cUthf epytiff;Nfw;g vt;thW ngahpl;ldh;? kiya+h;> fhl;^u;> kUJ}u;> flY}h; vd kf;fs; ngahpl;ldh;.

9842649140

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77)

78) 79) 80)

81)

82)

83) 84)

fhd;g+h;> Nfhyhyk;g+h;> rpq;fg;g+h;> kzpgg; +h>; [df;g+h>; n[a;gg; +h>; N[hj;g+h; kiyapd; mUNf cs;s Ch;fSf;F vt;thW kf;fs; ngahpl;ldh;? Midkiy> rpWkiy> jpUtz;zh kiy> ehfkiy> ts; s pkiy> tpuhypkiy vdg; ngahpl;ldh;. Xq;fpAah;e;j epyg;gFjpia ---------vdf; $wpdh;? kiy kiyapd; cauj;jpy; Fiwe;jjidf; _____ vdf; $wpdh;. Fd; W Fd;wpYk; cauj;jpy; Fiwe;jjidf; --------- vdTk;> ---------------- vdTk; ngahpl;L mioj;jdh;? fuL> ghiw Fd;iw mLj;Js;s Ch;fs; vt;thW miof;fg;gl;ld? Fd;W}h;> Fd;wj;J}h;> Fd;wf;Fb vd miof;fg;gl;ld. ghiwfs; vd; W $Wk; Ch; g ; ngah;fs; ahit? Fl;lg;ghiw> rpgg ; pgg ; hiw> g+kg ; hiw> kl;lg;ghiw> kzg;ghiw> thy;ghiw Mfpait. tlnrhy;ypy;> kiyia -----------vd;W $Wth;? fphp kiyianahl; b vOe; j Ch; g ; ngah;fs; ahit? fpU\;zfphp> Nfhj;jfphp> rptfphp> ePyfphp vd;gd MFk;.

85) FwpQ;rp epykf;fs; kiyapypUe;J gpw ,lq;fSf;Fr; nrd;W jq;fpa NghJk; jq; f s; epyg; n gaiu kwthJ vt;thW ngah; itj;Jf; nfhz;ldh;. Mo;thh;Fwpr;rp> fy;ypilf;Fwpr;rp> Fwpr;rp> fs;sf;Fwpr;rp> nkhlf; Fwpr;rp vd;W ngah; itj;jdh;. 86) kuq;fs; ngahpy; cUthd Ch;fs;:mj;jp (Mh;) kuq;fs; #o;ej ; Ch; ------------- vd mioj;jdh;. Mh; f ; f hL 87) My kuq;fs; epiwe;j Ch; ------------ vd mioj;jdh;. Myq; f hL 88) fshr; nrbfs; epiwe;j gFjpia vt;thW mioj;jdh;? fshf; f hL 89) khkuq;fs; nropj;jpUe;j ,lj;ij ------------------- vd mioj;jdh;. khq; f hL 90) gidkuq;fs; epiwe;jpUe;j Ch; ------------------ vdg; ngah;ngw;wJ. gidaGuk; 91) gl;b> ghb vd;w ,g;ngah; Ch;fSf;F vt;thW te;jd? fhl;bd; eLtpy; tho;ej ; kf;fs; mq; F j; jphpAk; tpyq; F fshy; jkf;Fk;> jk; fhy;eilfSf;Fk; CW Neuhtz;zk; Ntyp fl;bg; ghJfhj;jdh;. mt;t+h;fs; gl;b> ghb vd;wiof;fg; ngw;wd. ML khLfs; milf;fg;gLk; ,lk; gl;b vdg;gLk;.

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9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com 92) jkpo;ehl;by; cs;s rpy gl;bfs; Ch;fisf; $Wf? Ml; i lahk; g l; b > fhspg; g l; b > Nfhtpy;gl;b> rpW$ly;gl;b> rpd;d nfhy;yg;gl;b> nghpa nfhy;yg;gl;b Kjypa E}w;Wf; fzf;fhd gl;bfs; jkpo;ehl;by; cs;sd. 93) epytsKk;> ePht ; sKk; gaph;tsKk; nrwpe;j kUjepyf; FbapUg;Gk; -------------- vd toq;fg;gl;lJ. Ch; 94) MWfs; ghAk; ,lq;fspy; ----------vd toq;Fk; Ch;fs; jtwhky; ,lk; ngw;wpUf;Fk;. Mw; W }u; 95) Mw; W }u; fhyg; N ghf; f py; Ngr; R tof;fpy; ---------------- vd kUtp toq;FfpwJ. Mj; J }h; 96) flk;gkuk; #o;ej ; gFjpia vt;thW mioj;jdh;. flk; g +h; > flk; g j; J }u; 97) njd;id #o;ej ; gFjpia vt;thW $wpdh;? njq; $ h; 98) Gspakuq;fs; mlh;e;j gFjpia vt;thW ngahpl;L mioj;jdh;? Gspaq;Fb> GspaQ;Nrhiy> Gspak;gl;b vd mioj;jdh;. 99) Fsk;> Vhp> CUzp Kjypa ePH epiy fis cUthf;fp mtw;NwhL Ch;g; ngah;fis vt;thW ,izj;jdh;? rPtyg;Nghp> Gspaq;Fsk;> Nguht+uzp> khq; F sk; > Ntg; N ghp vd; g d ,t;thW Njhd;wpa Ch;g; ngau; f s; .

100) goq; f hyj; j py; flw; f iuapy; cUthd Ng&u;fs; --------------- vd miof;fg;gl;ld. gl; b dk; 101) rpw;W}h;fs; --------------- vdTk; ngah; ngw;wpUe;jd. ghf; f k; 102) gujth; tho;e;j Ch;fs; vt;thW ngah; ngw;wpUf;fpd;wd. fPof;fiu> Nfhbaf;fiu> ePyhq;fiu 103) kPdth; thOkplq;fspd; ngah;fs; -------------- vd;Dk; ngaiur; Nrh;jJ ; g; gy;fpg; ngUfp tUfpd;wd. Fg; g k; 104) ngUNte;jUk; FWepy kd;dUk; vij mikj;J kf;fisf; fhj;jdh;? muz; f s; 105) muz;fSs; ----------------- xd;W MFk;. Nfhl; i lAk; 106) Nfhl;il #otpUe;j Ch;fs; vt;thW toq;fyhapd? fe;ju;tf;Nfhl;il> Nfhl;il> Njtf; Nfhl;il> ehl;lurd; Nfhl;il> epyf;Nfhl;il> gl;Lf; Nfhl;il> GJf;Nfhl;il vd toq;fyhapd. 107) ehw;wpirg; ngah;fSk; Cu;fSld; Fwpg;gpLf? fpof;Nf vOe;j Ch;g;gFjpiaf; fPOu; vdTk;> Nkw;Nf mike;j Cu; g ; g Fjpia NkY}u; vdTk; > njw;Nf cs;sJ njd;goQ;rpah fTk;> tlf;Nf cs;sJ tlgoQ;rp ahfTk; ngah; ngw;wd.

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9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com 108) ehaf;f kd;du;fs; jkpofj;ij vj;jid ghisaq;fshfg; gphpjj ; dh;? 72 ghisaq;fshfg; gphpj;jdh;. 109) ehaf;f kd;du;fs; Cu;g; ngau; fSld; ghisaj;ijr; Nrh;j;J vt;thW toq;fpdhh;fs;? Mug; g hisak; > ,uhrghisak; > fzf;fk;ghisak;> Fkhughisak;> Nfhgpr;nrl;bg;ghisak;> Nfhhpg;ghisak;> Nkl;Lg;ghisak; vdg; gythFk;. 110) fy;ntl;Lfspy; fhzg;gLk; --------kUijahfp ,d;W ----------- ahf khwpAs;sJ. kjpiu 111) ------------ vd;Dk; ngah; NfhaKj;J}h; Mfp> ,d;W Nfhitahf kUtpAs;sJ. Nfhtd; G j; J }h;

,yf; f zk; rhh;ngOj;Jfspd; tiffs;

112) vtw;iw KjnyOj;Jfs; vd;fpNwhk;? caph; vOj;Jfs; gd;dpuz;Lk;> nka; n aOj; J fs; gjpndl; L k; jdpj;J ,aq;fp Kjd;ik ngw;W tpsq;Ftjhy; mtw;iw KjnyOj;Jfs; vd;fpNwhk;. 113) KjnyOj;Jfisr; rhh;e;JtUk; vOj;Jfisr; ---------------- vd;fpNwhk;. rhh; n gOj; J fs; 114) rhh;ngOj;Jfs; vj;jid tifg;gLk;? mit ahit? 10 tifg;gLk;. mit: 1. caphn ; ka;> 2. Ma;jk;> 3. capusngil> 4. xw;wsngil> 5. Fw;wpaypfuk;> 6. Fw;wpaYfuk;> 7. Ifhuf;FWf;fk;>

8. Xsfhuf; F Wf; f k; > 9. kfuf; FWf; f k; > 10. Ma; j f; F Wf; f k; Mfpait MFk;. 115) Ma;jk; ------------- vOj;J tifiar; rhh;e;jJ. rhh; n gOj; J 116) KjnyOj;Jfspd; vz;zpfi ; f -------30 117) ty;ypd nka;naOj;Jfs; vit? f;> r;> j;> g; 118) m>,>c vd;gd vd;d vOj;Jfs;? Rl; n lOj; J fs; 119) vjid ty;nyhw;W kpFjy; vd;gh;? vOj;Jfspd; Kd; ty;ypd vOj; J fis Kjyhf cila nrhy; te;J Nrh;ej ; hy; ,ilapy; mt; n tOj; j pd; nka; n aOj; J j; Njhd; W k; . ,jid ty; n yhw; W kpFjy; vd;gh;. 120) ------------- vd;Dk; Rl;nlOj;jhdJ jw;nghOJ tof;fj;jpy; ,y;iy. c 121) “v” vd;Dk; tpdh vOj;Jf;FKd; ty;ypd vOj;ij Kjyhf cila nrhw;fs; te;jhYk; -------- kpFk;. ty;ypdk; (v.fh) v + Flk; = vf;Flk;> v + rl;il = vr;rl;il

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9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com jkpo; vz;fis mwpNthk;

vspjhf Qhgfk; itj;Jf; nfhs;s rpwpa Nahrid

fliy cUz;il vq;qdk; Ritj;J Urpj;J rhg;gpl;lhd; vd;W mtd; $wpdhd;. 122) gpdt ; Uk; nrhw;fis KjnyOj;ijf; nfhz;L mfuthpirapy; mikf;f. Vzp> vyp> xd;W> xsit> Cl;b> mz;zd;> ,y;yk;> ML> Xlk;> Ie;J> cil. tpil: mz;zd;> ML> ,y;yk;> cil> Cl;b> vyp> Vzp> Ie;J> xd;W> Xlk;> xsit. 123) ,e;jpa tpLjiyf;Fj; njd;dfj; jpypUe;J me;epaiu vjpu;jj ; rpwe;j tPud; ahh;? Gypj; N jtd;

,ay; ,uz;L nra;As; - GwehD}W

124) ney;Yk; capud;Nw: ePUk; capud;Nw: vd njhlq;Fk; GwehD}W ghliyg; ghbath; ahh;? NkhrpfP u dhh;

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125) NkhrpfPudhu; tho;e;j Ch; vJ? njd;ghz;b ehl;bYs;s Nkhrp 126) --------------- vd;gJ Fbg;ngauhff; Fwpg;gplg;gLfpwJ. fP u d; 127) muRf; F hpa KuRf; fl; b ypy; cwq;fpa NghJ ve;j kd;duhy; fthptPrg; ngw;w ngUikf;Fhpath;? Nrukhd; ngUQ;Nruy; ,Uk;nghiw 128) nrhw; nghUs;:1. mwpif - mwpjy; Ntz;Lk; 2. jhid - gil 3. flNd - flik 4. kyh;jiy cyfk; - gue;j ,lkfd;w cyfk; 129) GwehD}W ----------- E}y;fSs; xd;W. vl;Lj; njhif 130) GwehD}W ------------- ghly;fspd; njhFg;G. Gwk;gw;wpa ehD}W

9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com 131) NkhrpfPudhh; ghba ghly;fs; NtW ve;j E}y;fspy; cs;sJ? mfehD}W> FWe;njhif> ew;wpiz Mfpatw;Ws; cs;sd. 132) gz;ila jkpof kd;dh;fspd; mw czh;T> tPuk;> nfhil> Ml;rpr; rpwg;G> fy;tpg; ngUik Kjypa tw;iw vtw;wpd; %yk; mwpayhk; GwehD}w;Wg; ghly;fs; %yk; 133) G w e h D } W g h l y ; f s ; % y k ; Gyth;fspd; -------------> kf;fSila -------> -------> Kjypatw; i wAk; mwpayhk;. ngUkpjk;> kf;fSila ehfupfk;> gz; g hL 134) muridf; Fwpf;Fk; NtW ngah;fs; ahit? Nfh> kd;dd;> Nte;jd;. 135) gpd;tUk; nrhw;fisr; nrhw;nwhlhpy; mikf;fTk;:1. ney; jQ;ir> jkpofj;jpd; ney; fsQ;rp akha;j; jpfo;fpwJ. 2. caph;. Nfhg; n gUQ; N rhod; tlf; f pUe; J caph; ePj;jhh;. 3. ePu; fly; ePh; Nkfkhfp kioaha;g; nga;fpwJ. 4. Nte;jd;. Nte;jd; eLepiy jtwhJ Ml;rp nra;a Ntz;Lk;.

KJnkhopf; f hQ; r p

136) rpwe; j njdf; $wg; g Lk; gj; J g; nghUisj; jd;dfj;Nj nfhz;bUg;gJ ------------------- MFk;. rpwe;j gj;J 137) “KJnkhopf;fhQ;rp” vd;w E}iy ,aw;wpath; ahh;? kJiuf; $lY}h; f pohh; 138) nrhw;nghUs;:1. Mu;fyp - epiwe;j XirAila fly; 2. fhjy; - md;G> tpUg;gk; 3. Nkij - mwpT El;gk; 4. tz;ik - nfhil 5. gpzp - Neha; 6. nka; - clk;G 7. ehzk; - nra;af; $lhjjidr; nra;a mr;rg;gLjy; 8. rpwe;jd;W - rpwe;jJ 9. topgLjy; - Nghw;wp tzq;Fjy; 10. jw;nra;if - jd;idr; nry;tk; Kjypatw; w py; Nkk; g Lj; j pf; nfhs;sy;. 139) Mrphpah; Fwpg; G :ngah; : kJiuf; $lY}h; fpohh; gpwe;j Cu; : $lY}u; rpwg; G : ,th; j k; ghly; f is er;rpdhh;ff ; pdpau; Kjypa ey;Yiu ahrpupah; f s; Nkw; N fhs; f shff; ifahz;Ls;shh;fs;. fhyk; : rq;f fhyj;jpwF ; g;gpd; tho;ej ; th;. 140) KJnkhopf;fhQ;rp vd;gJ ----------JiwfSs; xd;W. fhQ; r pj; j pizapd;

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www.kalvisolai.com 141) KJnkhopf;fhQ;rp ----------- vdTk; toq;fg;gLfpwJ. mwTiuf; Nfhit 142) KJnkhopf; f hQ; r papy; vj; j id mjpfhuq;fs; cs;sd? 10 143) KJnkhopf;fhQ;rp -------- ghly;fshy; MdJ. E}W 144) ,sikiaf; fhl;bYk; -------------rpwe;jJ. Nehaw;w tho;Nt 145) fw;wiytplTk; rpwe;jJ _______ xOf; f Kilik 146) gpd;tUk; nrhw;fisr; nrhw;nwhlhpy; mikf;f 1. kf;fs;: kf;fs; midtUk; fy;tp ngw;wtuha; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. 2. xOf;fk;: xOf;fk; caphpDk; NkyhdJ. 3. topgLjy;: ,iwtid kdk;> nkhop> nka;> Mfpatw;why; topgLjy; Ntz;Lk;.

kfhtpj;Jthd; kPdhl;rpRe;judhh; (ciueil)

147) ahh; fhg;ghu; vd;W jkpod;id Vq;fpa NghJ ehd; fhg;Ngd; vd;W vOe;jth; ahh;? c.Nt.rhkpehjh; 148) gpd;dhspy; c.Nt.rhkpehjh; midt uhYk; vt;thW miof;fg;gl;lhh;? jkpo;j; jhj;jh

149) c.Nt. rhkpehjh; mth;fspd; Mrphpah; ngah; vd;d? kfhtpj;Jthd; kPdhl;rp Re;judhh; 150) kPdhl;rp Re;judhh; vg;NghJ gpwe;jhh;? 1815 Mk; Mz;L vg;uy; jpq;fs; Mwhk; ehsd;W gpwe;jhh;. 151) kPdhl;rp Re;judhh; gpwe;j Ch; vJ? jpUr; r p khtl; l j; i jr; Nrh; e ; j vz;nza;f; fpuhkj;jpy; gpwe;jhh;. 152) kPdhl;rpRe;judhhpd; ngw;Nwhu; ngah; vd;d? rpjk;guk; -- md;dj;jhr;rpahh; 153) kP d hl; r p Re; j udhh; ,sikapy; ahhplk; jkpo; fw;whh;? jkJ je;ijahhplk; 154) kPdhl;rp Re;judhh; rpWtajpNyNa ------------- ,aw;Wk; Mw;wy; iftug; ngw;whh;. nra; A s; 155) kP d hl; r p Re; j udhh; jpUkzk; nra;Jnfhz;L FLk;gj;Jld; ve;j Chpy; tho;e;J te;jhh;? jphprpuGuj;jpy; (jpUr;rpuhg;gs;sp) 156) kPdhl;rp Re;judhh; jphprpuGuj;jpy; tho;ej ; jhy; mth; vt;thW miof;fg;gl;lhh;? jphprpuGuk; kP d hl; r pRe; j udhh; 157) kPdhl;rp Re;judhh; jkpopy; ve;j E}y;fspy; Mu;tk; nfhz;bUe;jhh;? irt rka E}y;fs; 158) kPdhl;rp Re;judhhpd; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f khzth;fs; ahh;? Fyhk;fhjh; ehtyh;> rtupuhaY> jpahfuhru;> rhkpehjh; MfpNahh; Mth; .

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www.kalvisolai.com 159) kP d hl; r pRe; j udhh; ve; j Chpy; tho;ej ; NghJ c.Nt. rhkpehjUf;F Mrphpauhf ,Ue;jhu;? jpUthtLJiwapy; 160) kfhtpj;Jthd; kPdhl;rpRe;judhu; vj;jidf;F Nkw;gl;l E}y;fis ,aw;wpAs;shu;? vz;gJf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l E}y;fs; 161) kfhtpj;Jthd; kPdhl;rpRe;judhu; gy;NtW Nfhtpy;fSf;F eilg; gazk; Nkw;nfhz;L mf;Nfhtpy; fisg; gw;wp ----gy ,aw;wpAs;shh;. jyGuhzq; f s; 162) Fk;gNfhzj;jpYs;s Rz;zhk;Gf; fuhd; njUit vt;thW toq;Fth;? ePw;Wf;fhuj; njU 163) ePw;Wf;fhuj; njUit ,g;gbAk; miof;fyhk; vd;W kPdhl;rp Re;judhu; $wpdhh;? %d;whtJ njU 164) %d;whtJ vd;gJ vijf; Fwpf;Fk; xU nrhy;? Rz; z hk; G 165) Neha;fF ; vJ kUe;J vd;W kPdhl;rp Re;judhh; $Wfpwhh;? ,yf; f pak; 166) kPdhl;rpRe;judhu; kiwe;j Mz;L vJ? 01.02.1876 167) “ehis vd; jha;nkhop rhFkhdhy;” ,d;Nw ehd; ,we;J tpLNtd; vd;W $wpa ftpQd; ahh;? U\;af; ftpQd; u#y; fk;rNjt;

168) “njhg;Gs; nfhb cwTfs;” vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghly; ve;j E}ypUe;J vLj;jhsg;gl;lJ. nrhy;yj; Jbf;FJ kdR

Nfht+h; fpohu; (Jizg;ghlk;)

169) Nfht+h;fpohu; vq;F gpwe;jhu;? ciwa+Uf;F mUfpYs;s Nfht+hpy; gpwe;jhh; 170) ew;wpiz> FWe;njhif> GwehD}W> jpUts;St khiy Mfpatw;wpy; Nfht+h;fpohupd; ------------- ghly;fs; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sd. gjpndl; L g; ghly; f s; 171) Nfht+hf ; pohiu mitf;fsj; jiytu; Mf;fpf; nfhz;l kd;dd; ahh;? eyq; f ps; s p 172) eyq;fps;spf;Fk;> neLq;fps;spf;Fk; ,Ue;j gifia ePf;fpath; ahu;? Nfht+h; f pohu; 173) gdk;g+ khiyazpe;j kd;dd; ahh;? Nrud; 174) Ntg;gk;g+ khiyazpej ; kd;dd; ahh;? ghz; b ad; 175) Mj;jpg+ khiy ahUf;F cilaJ? NrhoUf; F hpaJ 176) filNaO ts;sy;fSs; xUth; ahh;? kiyakhd; jpUKbf; f hhp 177) ve; j g; Gytiuf; Nfht+u; f pohu; neLq;fps;sp rpiwapy; ,Ue; J tpLtpj;jhh;? ,se; j j; j dhh;

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www.kalvisolai.com 178) tpiue;J njhopy; Nfl;Fk; vdj; njhlq;Fk; jpUf;Fws; vj;jidahtJ Fwsps; mike;Js;sJ? 648

capu;nka;> Ma;jk;

179) f>fh>fp Mfpait ve;j vOj;Jfs;? caph;nka; vOj;Jfs; 180) ve; n je; j vOj; J fs; Nrh; e ; j hy; caph;nka; vOj;Jj; Njhd;Wk;? capnuOj; J k; > nka; n aOj; J k; 181) caph; n ka; vOj; J capiuAk; nka;iaAk; rhh;e;jpUg;gjhy; -------------- vd;fpNwhk;. rhh; n gOj; J 182) / vd;why; vd;d? m/Nfdk; m/Nfdj;jpy; / vDk; ,t;ntOj;J %d;W Gs;spfisg; ngw;Ws;sjhy; ,jid vt;thW Fwpg;gpLthh;fs;. Kg;Gs;sp> Kg;ghw; Gs;sp 183) / vDk; vOj; J capNuhLk; nka; N ahLk; Nruhky; jdpj; N j ,Ug;gjhy; ,jid vt;thW $Wth;? jdp epiy 184) jw; f hg; G MAjj; j py; (Nflak; ) fhzg;gLk; %d;W Fkpo;g; Gs;spfs; Nghd; W ,Ug; g jhy; / vDk; vOj;ij ----------- vdTk; $Wth;. Ma; j k; 185) -------------- fiuj;jhy; fy;Yk; fiuAk;. fiug; g hu;

186) capu;nka; vOj;Jfs; ------------tifapy; mlq;Fk;. rhh; n gOj; J 187) md;G> mlf;fk; v/F - ,r;nrhw; fspYs; s rhh; n gOj; J fspd; mbapy; NfhbLf:md; G 188) Nghh; nra;ag; Gwg;gLtjw;F Kd;ghf murd; > jd; muz; k idapy; tPuu;fSf;F mspf;Fk; ngUtpUe;jpd; ngah; vd;d? ngUQ;NrhW mspj;jy;

ty;ypdk; kpFk; ,lq;fs;

189) ----------- Kd; f;>r;>j;>g; nka;naOj;J fspd; tUf;f vOj;Jr; nrhw;fs; (tpidr; nrhw;fs;) tUkhapd; chpa ty;nyOj;Jfs; Njhd;Wk;. Mfu mofpa kyh; 3. guptha; -- md;gha; 4. rhLk; -- jhf;Fk;> ,Of;Fk; 5. MLghp - MLfpdw ; Fjpiu 193) fhs Nkfg;Gyth; vq;Fg; gpwe;jhh;? Fk;gNfhzj;jpw;F mUfpy; ee;jpf;fpuhkk; vdTk;> tpOg;Guk; khtl; l j; j pYs; s vz; z hapuk; vdTk; $Wth; 194) fhsNkfg; G ythpd; ,aw; n gah; vd;d? tujd; 195) ve;jf; Nfhtpy; kilg;gs;spapy; fhsNkfg; Gyth; gzpGhpe;jhh;? jpUtuq;ff; Nfhtpy; 196) itzt rkaj;jpy; ,Ue;J ve;j rkaj; j pw; F f; fhsNkfg; G yth; khwpdhu;? irt rkaj;jpw;F 197) fhsNkfg;Gyth; vijg; Nghd;W ftpij nghopAk; Mw;wy; ngw;wpUe;jhh;? fhh;Nkfk; Nghy;

198) fw;wJifk; kz;zsT fy;yhJ cyfsntd;(W) $wpath; ahh;? xsitahh; 199) nrhw;nghUs;:1. ifk;kz;zsT - xU rhz; vdTk; nghUs; nfhs;Sth; 2. nkj;j - kpFjpahf 3. ge;jak; - Nghl;b 4. GytPu; - Gytu;fNs 5. fiykle;ij - fiykfs; 200) fk;gh;> xl;lf;$j;jh;> GfNoe;jpg;Gyth; Kjypa Gyth; f s; ahUila fhyj;jpy; tho;e;jhu;fs;? Xsitahu; 201) Gyth; gyh;> gy;NtW #o;epiyf;F Vw;g mt;tg; NghJ ghba ghly;fspd; njhFg;Ng ----------- vdg;gLk;. jdpg; g hly; jpul; L

ciueil fzpjNkij ,uhkhD[k;

202) fzpjNkij vdg; Nghw;wg;gLk; ,uhkhD[k; vq;F tho;eJ ; te;jhu;? tpidr; nrhw;fis tpl;L ePqf ; hJ nra;ASf;Nf chpik ngw;W tUtd -------- MFk;. chpr; n rhw; f s; 259) nghUj;Jf:1. ngau;r;nrhy; --- m. te;jhd; 2. tpidr;nrhy; -- M. Ie;Jk; MWk; 3. ,ilr;nrhy; -- ,. jtr;rpwpJ 4. chpr;nrhy; -- 3-M> 4-, 260) ty;ypdk; kpFk; ,lq;fs;: vl; L > gj; J Mfpa vz; Z g; ngau;fspy; gpd; kl;Lk; ty;ypd tUf;fr; nrhw;fs; te;jhy; --------kpFk;. ty; n yhw; W (v.fh) vl;L + fhy; = vl;Lf;fhy; gj;J + Ngu; = gj;Jg;Ngu; gj;J + rl;il = gj;Jr;rl;il gj;J + Njhg;G = gj;Jj;Njhg;G vl;L + $il = vl;Lf;$il vl;L + Njh; = vl;Lj;Njh;

261) ghlhj> Nfshj> Mlhj> nra;ahj> nrhy; y hj vd; g d vjpu; k iwg; nghUspy; tUtjhy; -------------MFk;. vjph; k iwg; nganur; r q; f s; 262) nrhw; f spYs; s Nfsh> Mlh> nra;ah> nrhy;yh vd;W tUtjid -------- nganur;rk; vd;gh;. gzpT 283) k f ; f s ; K d p t u p l k ; m e ; j g ; nghpatUf;F vj;jid kfd;f ; s; cz;L vd;W $wpdhh;? ehd; F 284) nghpatupd; ehd; F kfd; f spd; ngah;fs; vd;d? eluh[h> Nty;rhkp> rptrhkp> fe;jrhkp 285) fe;jrhkp xbte;J je;ijiaAk; KdptiuAk; njhOJ rhkpf; F vd; d nfhz; L tul; L k; vdf; Nfl;ldhd;? ghy;> gok; 286) ----------- nra;j gzk; vdf;F chpaJ. jUkk; .

287) vd; fUj;ij Vw;W elf;fpd;wtNd --------- kfd;. vdf;F chpa 288) ------------- nra;j NeuNk vdf;F chpaJ vd;W nghpath; $wpdhh;. ,iwj; n jhz; L 289) njhd;ik kpf;f cyf nkhopfs; vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghliy vOjpath; ahh;? NjtNeag; ghthzu;

,LFwpg; ngaUk; fhuzg; ngaUk;

290) xU nghUSf;Ff; FwpaPlhf ,l;l ngaNu ------- MFk;. ,LFwpg; n gau; 291) fhuzk; fUjp ,lg;gl;l ngau;fs; ------------- vdg;gLk;. fhuzg; n gau; f s; (v.fh) gwit> tisay;> nrq;fy; 292) jkpopy; ------------- kpFjpahf cs;sd. fhuzg; n gah; f Ns 293) gpwnkhopfspy; ---------------- kpFjpahf cs;sd. ,LFwpg; n gau; f Ns 294) kiy> fhL> khL ,itnay;yhk; ------------- ngau;fs; MFk;. ,LFwpg; 295) midj;Jf;Fk; nghJthf tUk; ,LFwpg;ngau;fis -------- vdf; $Wtu;. ,LFwpg; nghJg; n gau;

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9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com 296) “njd;id” vd;Dk; nrhy; xU fhuzKk;> ,d;wp ,LFwpg; ngauha; epd;W> xU nghUSf;Nf (njd;id kuk;) rpwg;gha; tUtjhy; ------------ngauhapw;W. ,LFwpr; rpwg;Gg; 297) fhfk;> Fapy;> Gwh> fpsp Mfpa midj; i jAk; gwit vd; D k; nghJr;nrhy;yhy; miof;fpNwhk;. mjdhy;> ,jidf; -----------------vd;fpNwhk;. fhuzg; nghJg; ngau; 298) tisay; N ghyNt rpynghUs; tise; J tl; l khf ,Uf; F k; . ,Ug;gpDk; mitnay;yhk; tisay; vd miof; f g; g LtJ ,y; i y. ,Ug; g pDk; ,r; n rhy; ifapy; mzpAk; tisaiy kl; L Nk Fwpg;gjhy; -------------- Mapw;W. fhuzr; rpwg;Gg; ngau; 299) chpa tpiliaj; Njh;T nra;J vOJf:1. ngl;b vd;gJ --------------- MFk;. ,LFwpg; n gah; 2. rpj;jpiu khjj;jpy; gpwe;jjhy; ------------- vd miof;fg;gl;lhd;. rpj; j piuahd; 3. fhuzg; nghJg; ngah; ------------MFk;. mzp 300) nghUj;Jf:1. ,LFwpg; nghJg;ngah; -m. kuq;nfhj;jp 39


2. ,LFwpr; rpwg;Gg; ngah; --- M. gwit 3. fhuzg; nghJg; ngau; ---,. fhL 4. fhuzr; rpwg;Gg; ngah; -- 2. 3.M> 4.m 301) rpyg;gjpfhuk; je;j ,sq;Nfhtbfs; --------- vd kioiag; Ngw;wp tzq;fpj; jk; fhg;gpaj;ij njhlq;fpdhu;. khkio Nghw; W Jk; khkio Nghw; W Jk; 302) --------- vd;gd Nghd;w KJnkhopfSk; rpwg;Gfis ekf;F czh;jJ ; fpdw ; d. khhpay;yJ fhupak; ,y;iy. 303) xU nrhw;nwhlupYs;s vOtha; mjd; gadpiyNahL --------------- ,lq;fspy; nghUj;jkhf mika Ntz;Lk;. jpiz> ghy;> vz; (v.fh) jpizg; nghUj;jk;: Nfhykapy; xapyhf MbaJ. (Nfhykapy; -- m/wpiz vOtha;: MbaJ - m/wpizg; gadpiy) ghy; nghUj;jk;: tz;Lfs; Njd; Fbj;jd (tz;Lfs; -- gytpd;ghy; vOtha; Fbj;jd - gytpd;ghy; gadpiy) vz; n ghUj; j k; : tpz;fyq;fs; tpz;zpy; gwe;jd (tpz;fyq;fs; -- vOtha;g; gd;ik gwe;jd - gd;ikg; gadpiy) ,lg; nghUj;jk;: mtd; ghlk; gbj;jhd; (mtd; -- glu;f;if vOtha;> gbj;jhd; -- glu;f;ifg; gadpiy)

9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com rpwg;Gg; nghUj;jk;:ghNte; j u; > ghujpiag; Gfo; e ; J ghbdhu;. ghNte;ju; vd;Dk; ngau; ghujpjhridNa FwpfF ; k; vd;gjdhy;> mJ rpwg;Gg; ngauhapw;W. rpwg;Gg; nghUj; j k; cau; T kl; L ky; y hJ ,opT fUjpAk; tUk;. (v.fh) KjiyAk; %u;ff ; Dk; nfhz;lJ tplh.

,ay; Ie;J - nra;As; jpUth&u; ehd; k zpkhiy

304) jpUth&h; ehd;kzpkhiy vd;Dk; E}iyia ,aw;wpath; ahh;? FkuFUguu; 305) nrhw;nghUs;:1. vd;gzpe;j (vd;G + mzpe;j) vYk;ig khiyahf mzpe;j 2. njd;fkiy - njw;fpy; cs;s jpUth&u; 3. g+qN; fhapy; -- jpUth&h;fN; fhapypd; ngah; 4. Gz;zpadhu; - ,iwtu; 5. kz; Rke;jhu; -- te;jpf;fhf ,iwtd; kz;Rke;jhu;. 6. cUFthu; -- tUe;Jthu; 306) FkuFUghupd; ngw; N whu; ngah; vd;d? rz; K frpfhkzpf; ftpuhau; -rptfhkRe; j up mk; i kahu; . 307) FkuFUguu; gpwe;j Cu; vJ? jpUitFz; l k;

308) ePjpnewp tpsf;fk; Kj;Jf;Fkhurhkp gps;isj;jkpo;> fe;ju;fyp ntz;gh> kP d hl; r pak; i k gps; i sj; j kpo; > kJiuf;fyk;gfk; Mfpa E}y;fis ,aw;wpath; ahh;? FkuFUguu; 309) FkuFUguu; tho;e;j fhyk; vJ? fp.gp gjpdhwhk; E}w;whz;L 310) jpUth&h; ehd;kzpkhiy gphpj;J vOJf? jpUth&u; + ehd;F + kzpkhiy 311) -------- vOe;jUspAs;s jpahfuhrh;kJ P ghlg;ngw;w ehd;kzpkhiy vdg; nghUs;gLk; jpUth&hpy; 312) ehd;kzpkhiy vd;gJ jkpopy; toq;Fk; --------------- rpw;wpyf;fpaq; fSs; xd;W njhz; Z }w; w hW 313) ehy;tifahd ghly;fshy; vjdhy; Md ehw;gJ nra;As;fisf; nfhz;lJ. ntz;gh> fl;lisf; fypj;Jiw> Mrphpa tpUj; j k; > Mrphpag; g h. 314) jpUth&h; jpahfuhrg; ngUkhidg; gw;wpa ngUikfis ve;j E}ypd; %yk; mwpe;J ,d;Gwyhk;. jpUth&h; ehd; k zpkhiy 315) Nfhbl;l ,lq;fis epug;Gf: 1. vd; g zpe; j njd; f kiy -,t;tbapy; njd;fkiy czh;jJ ; k; nghUs; -------njw;fpy; cs;s jpUth&h; 2. kz;Rke;jhu; vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gL gth; ---------

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9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com rptngUkhd; 3. ------------- vd;Dk; ngaUila fpotpff ; hf kz; Rke;J ghz;badplk; ,iwtd; (rptngUkhd;) mbg;gl;lhu;. te; j p 316) gphpj;J vOJf:m. g+q;Nfhtpy; -- g+ + Nfhtpy; M. Gilj;njd;dhu; -- Gilj;J + vd;dhh; ,. vd;WUFthu; - vd;W + cUFthh; -------------- vd;Dk; gl;lq;fs; ngw;Ws;shu;. ftpQNuW> ghtyu; k zp 324) jkpofj;jpd; ---------- vd thzp jhridj; jkpOyfk; Gfo;fpwJ. Ntu;l;]; nthu;j; 325) --------->----------- Kjypa nkhopfspy; ,th; ghly;fs; nkhopngau;f;fg; gl;Ls;sd. cUrpak;> Mq;fpyk; 326) thzpjhrd; tho;e;j fhyf;fl;lk; vJ? 22.07.1915 Kjy; 07.08.1974 tiu 327) nka;gn ; ghUs; fy;tp vd;Dk; ghly; ftpQh; thzpjhrd; jkpo; cyfpwF ; g; Gide;J mspj;Js;s -------------vd;Dk; ghly; njhFg;gpypUe;J ghlg;gFjpahf mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Foe;ij ,yf;fpak; 328) chpa tpiliaj; Njh;T nra;f:m.jq;fg; gJikahk; Njhou;fNshL - ,t;tbapy; gJik vd;Dk; nrhy; czh;j;Jk; nghUs;. cUtk; 329) gphpj;J vOJf:1. mOf;fpy;yh - mOf;F + ,y;yh 2. mzptjhyy;yNth - mzptjhy; + my;yNth 3. nrt;tpjo; -- nrk;ik + ,jo; 4. mwpTz;lhk; -- mwpT + cz;lhk; 5. clw;Fz;lhk; - clw;F + cz;lhk;

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9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com 330)gpdt ; Uk; nrhw;fisr; nrhw;nwhlhpy; mikj;J vOJf:1. gs;sp: vk; gs;spapy; Mapuk; khzth;fs; gapy;fpd;wdh;. 2. gJik: ghlk; Nfl;Fk; khzth; Xtpaj;jpy; cs;s gJikNghy; mirtpd;wp mkh;e;J ghlj;ijf; Nfl;f Ntz;Lk;. 3. Njhoh;: xUtUf;Fj; Jd;gk; Vw;gLk;nghOJ mijj; jPhg ; g ; tNu rpwe;j Njhoh; Mthh;. 4. fy; t p: fy; t p fw; w th; f is vy;yhUk; Nghw;Wth;.

J}q;fh efu;

331) jkpofj;jpYs;s “J}q;fh efh;” vJ? kJiu 332) Mz;bd; vy;yh ehspYk; tpohf;fs; nfhz;lhba gb ,Ug;gjhy; --------------- vd;Dk; ngUik ngw;w efh; kJiu. jpUtpoh efu; 333) ehw;wpirapYk; fiyaoF nghUj;jpa khngUq; NfhGuq;fNshL vl;Lr; rpwpa NfhGuq;fisAk; nfhz;L vopy;kpF rpw;gf;fiyf; $lkhf tpsf;Fk; Cu; vJ? Nfhtpy; khefu; (kJiu) 334) gok; ngUk; jkpou;jk; ehfupfj; njhl;byhfj; jpfo;ej ; kJiu ---------- vdg; Gfo;gn ; gw;w efu; MFk;. njd; d pe; j pahtpd; Vnjd; ] ; 335) ghz; b ehl; b d; gioikahd jiyefukhf tpsq;fpaJ vJ? kJiu

336) kJiu vd;Dk; nrhy;Yf;F -----vd;gJ nghUs;. ,dpik 337) -------------- vdg; GwehD}W Nghw;wpaJ jkpo;nfO $ly; 338) neQ;iras;Sk; rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; Xq;FrPu; kJiu> kJiu %J}u; khefh; njd; jkpo; ed;dhl;Lj; jPJjPu; kJiu> khz;Gil kugpd; kJiu> thdth; ciwAk; kJiu> gjpnaOtwpaha; gz;G Nkk;gl;l kJiu %J}u; vdg; gw;gy mil nkhopfshy; kJiuf;Fg; Gfo;khiy #l;b kfpo;e;jth; ahh;? ,sq; N fhtbfs; 339) Nru ehL NtoKilj;J> NrhoehL NrhWilj;J> ghz;baehL Kj;Jilj;J> njhz;ilehL ----------- cilj;J vd;gd jkpofj;jpd; rpwg;ig czh;jJ ; k;. rhd; N whu; . 340) kJiuf;Ff; ------ vdTk; ------ vdTk; NtW ngah;fs; cs;sd. $ly;> Mytha; 341) ---------- >----------->--------->-------- Mfpa ehd;F jpUf;Nfhtpy;fs; Nrh;ej ; ike; jjhy; ehd;khlf; $ly; vd;Dk; ngah; toq;fyhapw;W. jpUthytha;> jpUes;shW> jpUKlq;if> jpUeLt+u; 342) ve; j ehd; F jpUf; N fhtpy; f s; kJiuf;Ff; fhtyhf mike;Js;sJ? fd;dpNfhtpy;> fhpakhy; Nfhtpy;> fhspNfhtpy;> Mytha;f; Nfhtpy; Mfpait MFk;.

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9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com 343) t U z d ; k J i u i a m o p f ; f vj;jid Nkfq;fis mDg;gpdhd;? VO 344) ,iwtdplk; ghz;bad; Kiwapl ,iwtd; ----------- Nkfq; f is kJiuiaf; fhf;f mDg;gpdhh;. ehd; F 345) ehd;F khlq;fshff; $b kJiuiaf; fhj; j ikahy; ehd; k hlf; $ ly; vd;dk; ngah; Vw;gl;ljhff; $wpaJ ahh;? guQ; N rhjpahu; 346) rq;fk; itj;Jr; nre;jkpio tsh;ff ; > Gyth; vy;yhUk; $bajhy; ------------vd; D k; ngah; Vw; g l; l jhfTk; mwpQh; $Wth;? $ly; 347) kJiuapy; vOe; j Uspa Fkudhu; > 43


ey;ye;Jtdhu;> kUjdps ehfdhu;> ,se;jpUkhwd;> rPj;jiyr; rhj; j dhu; > ngUq; n fhy; y dhu; > fz;zfdhu;> fjq;fz;zhfdhu;> Nre;jk;g+jdhu; KjypNahu; md;iwa kJiuapy; tho;eN; jhuhth;. 350) kJiuapy; Milfs; tpw; F k; filg;gFjpf;Fg; ngah; vd;d? mWit tPjp 351) kJiu tPjpfspd; ngah;:1. $ytPjp - jhdpaf;fil 2. nghd;tPjp - nghw;filfs; 3. kd;dth; tPjp - kd;du;thOk; gFjp 4. kiwath; tPjp - me;jzu; tPjp 352) mupkh;jj ; d ghz;baDf;F mikr;ruh fj; jpfo;e;jth; ahu;? khzpf; f thrfh; 353) $d;ghz;bad; fhyj;jpy; kJiuapy; kq; i fau; f ; f urp> Fyr; r piwahu; cjtpAld; irtj;ijf; fhj;jtu; ahh;? jpUQhdrk; g e; j u; 354) jpUkiy ehaf;fu; vijj; jiy efuhff; nfhz;L Mz;lhh;.? kJiuia 355) Nfhil tpLjpahd jKf; f Kk; > Fsph;g+e;jlhfkhfpa nghpa njg;gf; FsKk;> fiy eaj;jpy; jh[;kfhiy nahj;j ------------ mikj;J kJiuia moFgLj;jpdhu;. jpUkiy ehf;fu; kfhiyAk; 356) kJiuiaj; jpUkiy ehaf;fu; ----- efukhf tpsf;fKwr; nra;jhu;. tpoh ky;F

9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com 357) -------------- mikj;j rj;jpuq;fSk; rhiyfSk; kJiuf;Fg; ngUik Nrh;g;gdthf ,d;Wk; jpfo;fpd;wd. ,uhzp kq;fk;khs; 358) guQ;Nrhjpahupd; jpUtpisahlw; Guhzk; jUkpf;F ,iwtd; ---------ghly; je;jik gw;wpf; $WfpwJ? jz; l kpo; g ; 359) kJiuiar; Rw;wpAs;s kiyfspy; tho;e;j rkz Kdptu;fshy; --------- ,aw;wg; ngw;wJ. ehybahu; 360) kPdhl;rpak;ikNa rpWkpahf te;J Kj;Jkzp khiyia ahUf;Fg; ghprspj;jJ? FkuFUguUf; F 361) rpyg;gjpfhuf; fhg;gpaj; jiytd; Nfhtyd; nfhiyf;fsg;gl;l ,lk; ---- vd; D k; ngaUld; ,d; W k; mg;gFjp kf;fsplk; toq;fg;gLfpwj. Nfhtyd; nghl; l y; 362) goq; f hy kjpypd; vQ; r pa xU rpWgFjp --------- tPjpapy; khefuhl;rpj; njd;kz;ly mYtykhf ,aq;fp tUfpwJ. Nkyntsp 363) fPothry; Nkythry; njw;Fthry; tlf; F thry; vd toq; f g; g Lk; ,lq;fs;---------- kjpy; thapy;fs; ,Ue;j ,lq;fhsf mwpag;gLfpdw ; d. Nfhl; i lapd; 364) ifapw; rpyk;Gld; cl;fhu;ej ; pUf;Fk; cUtr;rpiy mike;j Nfhtpy; ---

------ Nfhtpyhf ,d;Wk; kf;fshy; topglg;gLfpwJ. nry; y j; j k; k d; 365) kPdhl;rpak;kd; Nfhtpypd; ehd;F NfhGuq;fSs; gioikahdJ vJ? fpof;Ff; NfhGuk; 366) kPdhl;rpak;kd; Nfhtpypd; caukhd NfhGuk; vJ? njw;Ff; NfhGuk; Fwpg; G :njw;Ff; NfhGuk; 160.9 mb cauKk;> 1511 Rij cUtq;fSk; cilaJ. 367) fp.gp ,uz;lhk; E}w;whz;by; vOe;j rpyg;gjpfhuk; kJiu ---------- vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. %J}u; 368) kuk; gad;gLj;jhky; fl;lg;gl;lJ vJ? ehaf;fu; kfhy; Fwpg; G :ehaf;fu; kfhypy; cs;s xt;nthU J}Zk; 82 mb cauKk; 19 Rw;wsTk; nfhz;lJ. 369) ghz;ba ehL vjw;Fg; ngah; ngw;wJ. Kj; J 370) NrhoehL vjw;Fg; ngah; ngw;wJ? NrhW 371) kP d hl; r pak; i k gps; i sj; j kpio ,aw;wpatu; ahh;? FkuFUguu; 372) ehd; f hk; jkpo; r ; rq; f j; i jj; Njhw;wptpj;jth; ahh;? ghz; b j; J iuahu;

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9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com mwpT El;gk; (Jizg; ghlk;) mWtifg; ngah;r;nrhw;fs;

373) Mly; > ghly; > tl; l k; > moF MfpadTk; ---------- MFk;. ngau; r ; n rhw; f s; 374) ngau;rn ; rhw;fis ,yf;fz E}yhh; vj;jid tifg;gLj;Jth;? mit ahit? MW tifg;gLk; mit: 1. nghUl; ngau;> ---------------2. ,lg; ngau;> ---------------3. fhyg; ngau;> ---------------4. rpidg; ngau;> ---------------5. Fzg; ngau;> ---------------6. njhopw; ngau;> ---------------375) nghUisf; Fwpf;Fk; ngah; --------MFk;. nghUl; ngah; 376) nghUl; ngau; vj;jid tifg;gLk;? mit ahit? nghUl; n gah; ,Utifg; g Lk; mit:capUs;s nghUs;> capuw;w nghUs; 377) Fkud; > kyh; f ; n fhb> njd; i d> nrk;gUj;jp> nts;shL> Xzhd; Kjypad vt;tifg; nghUs; MFk;. capUs; s nghUs; f s; 378) ehw;fhyp> mLg;G> jl;L> vz;nza;> kz;> ePu>; fhw;W Kjypad vt;tifg; nghUs; MFk;. capuw;w nghUs;fs;

379) tPL> njU> gs;sp> Nfhtpy;> kf;fs; thoplk;> Njhl;lk; vd ,lq;fisf; Fwpg;gpdnty;yhk; ------- ngah;fs; MFk;. ,lg; ngah;fs; 380) nehb> tpehb> kzp> nghOJ> fpoik> thuk;> jpq;fs;> Mz;L vd vy;yhNk ------ MFk;. fhyg; ngah; f s; 381) rpid vd;gJ xd;wpd; ---------- Fwpgg ; J MFk;. cWg; i gf; 382) kdpj cWg;Gfs;> tpyq;F cWg;Gfs;> jhtug; gFjpfs;> nghUs;fspy; gFjpfs; OOikahd xd; w pd; gFjpfisf; Fwpf;Fk; ngah;fs; ---------- vdg;gLk;. rpidg; ngah; f s; 383) Fzg; ngaiug; --------- vdTk; $Wth;. gz;Gg; ngah; 384) gbj;jy;> fw;gpj;jy; ---------- vdg;gLk;. njhopy; ngau; f s; ngau; tif ngau; 1. nghUl; ngau; - fz;zd;> ehw;fhyp 2. ,lg; ngah; -- NtY}h;> ehkf;fy; 3. fhyg; ngah; -- ijj;jpq;fs;> ez;gfy; 4. rpidg;ngah; - Kfk;> if 5. Fzg; ngah; -- tl;lk;> moF 6. njhopw; ngau; - Mly;> ghly; 385) chpa tpiliaj; Njh;T nra;f:1. kJiu vd;gJ ---------- ngah;. m) fhyg; ngah;> M) Fzg; ngah;> ,) ,lg; ngah; tpil: ,lg; n gah;

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9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com 2. g+q;nfhb g+g; gwpf;fpwhs; . ,j;njhlhpYs;s g+ vd;gJ --------ngah;. m) nghUl;ngah;> M) rpidg;ngah;> ,) njhopw;ngah; tpil: rpidg; n gah; 3. rJuk; ,J --------- ngah; m) nghUl;ngah; M) fhyg;ngah; ,) Fzg;ngah; tpil: Fzg; n gah; 386) Nfhbl;l ,lq;fspy; Vw;w ngah;r; nrhw;fis vOJf:1. ---------- g+ir elf;fpwJ. 2. ----------- mirfpwJ. 3. ---------- gs;spf;F tpLKiw. 4. ---------- cile;J tpl;lJ. 5. ---------- %d;W Nfhzq;fis cilaJ. 6. --------- ty;ytd; ,uhkd;. tpil: 1. Nfhtpypy;> 2. nfhb> 3. ehis> 4. ghid> 5. Kf;Nfhzk;> 6. tpy;tpj;ijapy;. 387) ftpauR fz;zjhrd; vq;F vg;NghJ gpwe;jhh;? rpW$ly;gl;b vd;Dk; rpw;W}upy; 1927 388) fz;zjhrdpd; ,aw;ngah; vd;d? Kj; i jah 389) fhiuKj;Jg; Gyth;> tzq;fhKb> ghh; t jpehjd; > MNuhf; f pehjd; > fkfg;gphpah vdg; gy Gidg;ngah;fs; ahUf;F cz;L? fz; z jhrd;

390) ftpauR fz; z jhrd; ---------Nkw;gl;l jpiug;glg; ghly;fis ,aw;wpAs;shh;. Iahapuj; j pw; F k; 391) fz;zjhrd; kiwe;j Mz;L vJ? 1981 392) ehk; nra;jpfisAk; fUj;JfisAk; gpwhplk; $Wk;nghOJ Ritglf; $Wtjw;fhf xNu nghUs;jUk; ,Unrhw;fisg; gad;gLj;JtJ ---------- vdg;gLk;. Neh; ,izr; nrhw;fs; (v.fh) 1. fhNthp fz;Zq;fUj;Jkhfg; gbg;ghs;. 2. tstdpd; je;ij NgUk;GfOk; kpf;fth;. 393) vjpuhd fUj;ijf; $Wk;nghOJ vjph;g;nghUs; jUk; nrhw;fisg; gad;gLj;Jjy; ----------- vdg;gLk;. vjph; ,izr; nrhw;fs; (v.fh) 1. Nfhghyd; cau; T jho; t pd; w p midthplKk; goFk; gz;ghsu;. 2. kyu;f;nfhbapd; je;ij my;Yk; gfYk; mauhJ cioj;jtu;. 394) chpa ,izr;nrhw;fis vLj;Jf; Nfhbl;l ,lq;fspy; epug;Gf: (,uTgfy;> Vw;wj;jho;T> fw;NwhUk; kw;NwhUk;> mbj;Jg;gpbj;J> gj;jpgj;jpahf) 1. mz;zy; mk;Ngj;fh; rKjhaj;jpy; fhzg; g Lk; ------------- fisf; fisag; ghLgl;lhu;. Vw; w j; j ho; T

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9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com 2. fl;Liu vOJk; NghJ ------------vOj Ntz;Lk;. gj; j pgj; j pahf 3. cyfk;> #hpaidr; Rw;Wtjhy; -------------- Njhd;WfpwJ. ,uTgfy; 4. NgUe;jpy; ,lk; gpbf;f ----------VwpNdd;. mbj; J g; g pbj; J 5. NeUtpd; mwpthw;wiyf; ---------Nghw;wpg; Gfo;e;jdh;. fw;NwhUk;> kw;NwhUk; 395) f;>q;>r;>Q; ------- Mfpa gjpndl;L nka;naOj;JfSk; caph; vOj; ijNah> capu;nka;naOj;ijNah njhlh;eJ ; ----------- thpirahf tUk;. nka; n aOj; J 396) n[h;kdp ehl;bd; nfhLq;Nfhyuhff; fUjg;gl;lth; ahh;? `pl; y u; 397) `pl;yUf;F vjpuhfj; jpwikahf thjhb> vOj;J %yk; `pl;yiu kd;dpg;Gf; Nfl;fr; nra;jth; ahh;? nrz; g fuhkd;

,ay; MW nra;As; - Vu;Kid

398) Vu;Kid vd;w ghliy vOjpath; ahh;? kUjfhrp 399) nrhw;nghUs;:1. khup - kio 2. Nrkk; - eyk;

3. Njrk; - ehL 4. Kl;L - Ftpay; 5. nej;jp - new;wp 400) Mrphpah; Fwpg;G:ngah; : m. kUjfhrp gpwe;j Cu; : jpUr;rp khtl;lj;jpYs;s Nkyf;FbfhL ngw;Nwhu; : ma;ak;ngUkhs;> kpsfhap mk;khs; rpwg;G : jpiuf;ftpj; jpyfk; fhyk; : 13.02.1920 - 29.11.1989 401) ---- vd; D k; jiyg; g py; jpiuf; fijfSf;F vOjpa ghly;fs; njhFf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. jpiuf;ftpj; jpyfk; m.kUjfhrp ghly; f s; 402) ---------- vd;Dk; jiyg;gpd; fPo; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s ghly;> ghlg;gFjpapy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ. r%fk; 403) Nfhbl;l ,lj;ij epug;Gf:1. epfuw;w njhopy; -------tpil: coTj; njhopy; 2. coth;fs; nry;tkhff; fUJtJ -----tpil: ney; k zpfis 3. ney;iy ----------- Ftpg;gh;. tpil: Kl; L Kl; l ha; 4. coth;fs; tpah;itia ----------rpe;jpdh;. tpil: Kj;JKj;jha; 404) gphpj;J vOJf:1. Neupq;Nf - Neh; + ,q;Nf 2. NrkKw - Nrkk; + cw

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9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com 3. Njrnky;yhk; - Njrk; + vy;yhk; 4. gUtg;ngz; - gUtk; + ngz;

nghq;fy; topghL

405) nrhw;nghUs;:1. jpU - nry;tk; 2. fdfk; - nghd; 3. Nfh - murd; 4. epNtjdk; - gilayKJ 5. Gutp - Fjpiu 6. fLfp - tpiue;J 406) nghq;fy; topghL vd;w ghliy vOjpath; ahh;? e.gpr; r %u; j ; j p 407) e.gpr;r%u;jj ; papd; ,aw;ngah; vd;d? e.Ntq;fl kfhypq;fk; 408) e.gpr;r%u;j;jpapd; gpwe;j Cu; vJ? jQ;rht+u; khtl;lj;jpYs;s Fk; g Nfhzk; 409) e.gpr;r%u;jj ; p nra;J te;j njhopy; vd;d? 1924 - 1938 tiu tof;FiuQh; 1938 - 1954 tiu Nfhtpy; epUthf mYtyh; 410) e. gpr;r%u;j;jp vOjpa E}y;fspd; ngah; vd;d? fijfs;> kuGf;ftpijfs;> GJf; ftpijfs;> Xuq;f ehlfq;fs; 411) e.gpr;r%u;jj ; p tho;ej ; fhyk; vJ? 15.08.1900 - 04.12.1976 412) e.gpr;r%u;jj ; papd; ftpij E}y;fs; --------E}w; w hz; b d; jw; f hy

,yf; f paj; Jiwf; F k; Gjpa rpwg;Gfisr; Nrh;e;jpUf;fpd;wd. ,Ugjhk; 413) e.gpr;r%u;jj ; p ftpijfs; vd;Dk; E}ypy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s ----------ftpijfspy; xd;W ,g;nghq;fy; topghL vd;Dk; ftpij. vz;gj;J %d;W 414) gphpj;J vOJf:1. new;fjpu; --- ney; + fjpH 2. epyTKz;Nlh - epyTk; + cz;Nlh 3. kz;Zz;Nlh - kz; + cz;Nlh 4. epd;db - epd; + mb 5. xspAz;Nlh - xsp + cz;Nlh 415) gpd;tUk; nrhw;fisr; nrhw;nwhupy; mikj;J vOJf: 1. fdp 2. fjpu; -3. fjputd; --4. fUk;G 5. capu; -jhq;fNs Kaw;rp nra;f.

nerT (ciuahly;) ciueil

416) Vl;Lr; Riuf;fha; ----------- cjthJ. fwpf; F 417) mr;Rkuk;> gilkuk;> tpOJfk;G> Fj;Jf;fk;gp> Xlk;> CilFoy;>

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9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com ghT ,itnay;yhk; ---------- gad;gLk; fUtpfs;. jwp nea;ag; 418) jpU.tp.f tpw;Fg; gpbj;j g+ vJ? gUj;jpg; g+ 419) E}y; vz; 10> vz; 20> vz; 60> vz; 80> vz; 100> vz; 120 vd mjd; nkd;ikj; jd;ikf;F Vw;g vjidg; ngahpl;L miof;fpd;Nwhk;. gQ;rpypUe;J E}w;fg;gLk; E}iy 420) fhQ;rp> Muzp> kJiu> Nfhit> gukf;Fb> rpd;dhsg;gl;b> nrd;dpkiy> ciwa+u;> jpUg;Gtdk; Kjypa Cu;fspy; ------- ,d;Dk; eilngWfpwJ. ifj;jwp nerT 421) efh; g ; G wq; f spy; ----------- nerT eilngWfpwJ. ,ae; j pu 422) jpUg;g+u; ------- Milf;Fg; ngah; ngw;wJ. gpd; d yhil 423) Rq; F bg; G litfs; ve; j Cupy; jahhpf;fg;gLfpd;wd? kJiuapy; 424) ciwa+u; ngau; ngw;w Nriyfs; vJ? fz; l hq; f pr; 425) gl;lhilfs; vq;F jahhpff ; g;gLfpwJ? fhQ; r pGuj; j py; 426) gl;lhilfs; jahhpf;fg; gad;gLtJ vJ? gl; L g; G O

427) mz;zy; fhe;jpabfs; ngUe;jiytu; fhkuhru;> je;ij nghpahu;> NguwpQu; mz;zh KjypNahu; --------Milfis mzpe;jdu;. ifj; j wp 428) Fsphpy; thba kapYf;Fg; Nghh;it Nghh;j;jpaJ ahh;? ts;sy; Ngfd; 429) Milapy; y h kdpjd; ----------kdpjd;. miu 430) Ms; ghjp: ------- ghjp vd;Dk; gonkhopfs; Milapd; rpwg;igf; Fwpf;fpd;wd. Mil 431) nra;Ak; njhopypy; rPu; J}f;fpd; ----- njhopYf;F epfhpy;iy vd;Dk; tof;fhWk; cz;L. nea; A k; 432) cyfpNyNa ifj; j wp nertpd; Kd;Ndhb ------ MFk;. jkpofk; 433) kq;if jd; gpwe;j ehs; ghprhfj; je;ijaplk; Nfl;l Mil vJ? ifj;jwp Mil 434) nghUj;Jf:1. fhQ;rp - m. Rq;Fbg; Glitfs; 2. jpUg;g+u; - M. fz;lhq;fpr; Nriyfs; 3. kJiu - ,. Nghu;itfs; 4. ciwa+u; - 2 - 3 - m> 4- M> 5 - ,

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9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com jkpo; ehlf Kd;Ndhbfs; (Jizg; g hlk; )

435) fz;Zf;Fk; fhJf;Fk; kdj;Jf;Fk; ,d;gk; gaf;Fk; fiy vJ? ehlf; f iy 436) Ma fiyfs; ----- cz;L. mWgj;J ehd;F 437) rq;f fhyj;jpy; fpilj;j ehlf ,yf;fz E}y;fs; vj;jid? mit ahit? ehd;F E}y;fs; fpilj;jd. mit: rae; j k; > KWty; > kjpthzd; > ehlfj;jkpo;> nrapw;wpak; 438) kf;fspilNa eilngw;w ehlfq;fs; vit? gs;S> FwtQ;rp> nehz;b ehlfq;fs;> fPuj ; j ; id ehlfq;fs; MFk; . 439) ,Ugjhk; E}w; w hz; b y; ehlfj; jkpOf; F g; Gj; J apu; Cl; l Xu; vOr;rpiaj; Njhw;Wtpjj ; th;fs; ahu;? gupjpkhw; fiyQu; > rq; f ujhR Rthkpfs; > gk; k y; rk; g e; j dhu; MfpNahu; Mtu;. 440) ----------- vd;Dk; jk; ngaiuj; J}a jkpopy; ghpjpkhw; fiyQd; vd khw;wp mikj;Jf; nfhz;lhu;. #hpa ehuhaz rh];jpup 441) ---------- gzpahw;wpf; nfhz;Nl ehlfj; njhz;lhw;wpath; ghpjpkhw; fiyQd;. jkpo; g ; Nguhrphpauha; g ;

442) ghpjpkhw; fiyQu; ---------- eilapy; ehlfq;fis ,aw;wp muq;Nfw;wpdhu;. nrk;khe;j rPhpa nre;jkpo; 443) jkpofj; j py; ahiug; Nghd; W ehlfhrpupah;fs; Njhd;w Ntz;Lk; vdg; nghpJk; tpioe;jth; ghpjpkhw; fiyQu;? Nkiy ehl;L ehlf Mrphpau;fshd Nrf;]g ; pau;> vg;rd;> Nkhypau; 444) ghpjpkhw; fiyQupd; ehlfq;fs; vit? &ghtjp> fyhtjp> khdtp[ak; 445) tlnkhop> Nkdhl;L kuGfisj; jkpo;ehlf kuNghL ,izj;J ------- vd; D k; E}iyg; ghpjpkhw; fiyQu; gilj;jhu;. ehlftpay; 446) --------- ehlfk;> fstop ehw;gJ vd;Dk; ,yf;fpaj;ij mbg;gil ahff; nfhz;L ,aw;wg;gl;lJ. khdtp[ak; 447) ehlfj;jkpo; cyfpd; ,kakiy vdg; ghuhl;lg;gLth; ahh;? rq; f ujhR Rthkpfs; 448) rq;fujhR Rthkpfs; ts;sp jpUkzk;> Nfhtyd; rhpj;jpuk;> rjp RNyhrdh> ,ytFrh> gf; j pg; gpufyhjh> ey;yjq;fhs;> rjp mDRah> tPu mgpkd;A> gtsf;nfhb Kjypa ------ ehlfq;fis ,aw;wpAs;shu;. ehw; g J 449) Jbg;gpUf;Fk; rq;fujhR vOj;jpy; vy;yhk; Ritnrhl;Lk; re;jeak;

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9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com Njha;e;jpUf;Fk; vd;W ahu; rq;fujhR Rthkpfisg; Gfo;fpdw ; hu;? Gj; j Ndup Rg; u kzpak; 450) rq;fujhR Rthkpfs; ,aw;wpa --------- ehlfk; kJiuapy; muq;NfwpaJ. Nfhty rhpj;jpuk; 451) khghtpNahu; $b thOk; khefUf;F kd;dh NghfhjPu; ,e;jg; ghlypy; kh> gh> tp Mfpa ,t;ntOj;J vijf; Fwpf;fpwJ vd;W Rthkpfs; $wpdhu;? kh vd;gJ miyfs; gh vd;gJ fiykfs; tp vd;gJ kiykfisAk; Fwpf; f pwJ. 452) vkd; > ,uhtzd; > ,uzpad; Kjypa Ntlq;fs; Gide;jJ ahu;? Rq; f ujhR Rthkpfs; 453) Rthkpfs; vOj;Jj; jpwikNahL ------ jpwikAk; ngw;wpUe;jhu;. ebg; G j; 454) rq; f ujhR Rthkpfs; tho; e ; j fhyf;fl;lk; vJ? 1867 - 1920 455) 1891 Mk; Mz;L jdJ gjpndl;lhk; tajpy; RFztpyhr rigiaj; njhlq;fpj; jkpo; kf;fspd; rpe;jidia ehlff;fiy Nehf;fpj; jpir jpUg;gpath; ahh;? gk;ky; rk;ge;jdhu; 456) ebfu;fshy; -------- vd kjpff ; g;gl;lhu;. gk;ky; rk;ge;jdhu;

457) gk; k y; rk; g e; j dhu; vq; F g ; gzpahw;wpath;? eP j pkd; w j; j py; 458) rk;ge;jdhu; ---------- ehlfq;fisj; jkpod;idf;Fg; gilj;jspj;jhu;. njhz; Z }w; W ehd; F 459) gk;ky; rk;ge;jdhu; jkp;od;idf;Fg; gilj;jspj;j njhz;Z}w;W ehd;F ehlfq;fspy; rpytw;iwf; $Wf. kNdhfuh> aahjp> rpWj;njhz;ld;> fu;zd;> rghgjp> nghd;tpyq;F vd;gd MFk;. 460) gk;ky; rk;ge;jdhu; Nrf;];gpaupd; ehlfq;fisj; jOtp ------> -----------> ---------> Kjypa jkpo; ehlfq;fisg; gilj;jhu;. thzpGuj;J tzpfd;> tpUk;gpa tpjNk> mkyhjpj; j pad; . 461) rpwe; j ehlf ,af; F euhfTk; jpwikahd ebfuhfTk; mwpTkpf;f MrphpauhfTk; tpsq;fpath; ahu;? gk;ky; rk;ge;jdhu; 462) ------- vd;w tifapidAk; ehlf ieahz;bapidAk; jkpo; ehlf cyFf; F mwpKfg; g Lj; j path; gk;ky; rk;ge;jdhu;. Nfspf;if ehlfk; 463) gk;ky; rk;ge;jdhupd; gilg;ghd ----ehlfg; ghj;jpuk; ,d;wsTk; kwf;f Kbahj eifr;Ritg; ghj;jpukhFk;. rghgjp

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9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com 464) rghgjp jkpopy; ----- vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; fl;Liu vOjpdhu;. ,dpa gazk; 465) ------> -----> -----> Mfpa %d; W fiyQu; f Sk; jk; vOj; J j; jpwikahYk; ebg; g hw; w hYk; ehlfj;jkpo; tsh;rr ; pf;fhf cioj;j rhd;Nwhu; Mtu;. ghpjpkhw; fiyQh; > rq; f ujhR Rthkpfs;> gk;ky; rk;ge;jdhu; 466) gupjpkhw; fiyQiuj; ------- vd;W Nghw;Wth;? jkpo; ehlfg; Nguhrphpah; 467) rq;fujhR Rthkpfisj; ------- vd;Wk; Nghw;Wth;? jkpo ehlfj; jiyik Mrphpau; 468) gk;ky; rk;ge;jdhiuj; ----- vd;W ehlf cyfk; Nghw;wp tzq;FfpwJ. jkpo; ehlfj; je;ij

tpidKw;W> nganur;rk;> tpidnar; r k;

469) tUfpd;whd;> tUthd; vd nray; Kbe;jijf; Fwpf;Fk; nrhy;Ny ---- MFk;. tpidKw; W 470) gOj;j vd;Dk; nrhy; ------ vdg;gLk;. Kw; W g; n gwhj tpidr; n rhy; 471) xU ngaiuf; nfhz;L KbAk; Kw;Wg; ngwhj tpidr;nrhy;Ny -------- MFk;. nganur; r k; 52


(v.fh) 1. gok; vd;Dk; ngau;r; nrhy;iyf; nfhz;L KbT ngWfpwJ. 472) “vLj;J” vd;Dk; nrhy; ------ tpidr; nrhy; MFk;. KbTngwhj 473) tpidiaf; nfhz;L KbAk; vr;rk; ------- vdg;gLk;. tpidnar; r k; 474) tpidnar;rk; ---------- fhyj;ijAk; czh;jJ ; k;. %d; W 475) “vLj;J te;jhd;” - ,/J --------tpidnar;rk; MFk;. ,we; j fhy 476) “vLj;J tUfpd;whd;” vd;gJ --------- tpidnar;rk; vdg;gLk;. epfo; f hy tpidnar; r k; 477) “vLj;J tUthd;” ve;j tpidnar;rk; MFk;. vjph; f hy 478) ml;ltizia epug;Gf:t.vz; tpidKw;W nganur;rk; tpidnar;rk; 1 2 3 4 gbj;jhd --------------fz;lhd;; ----------------------------te;j ---------------Nfl;l gbj;J te;J

9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com fz;L --------------------479) ek; Kd;Ndhh; vg;nghUis vr;nrhy; yhy; Fwpj; J toq; f pdhu; f Nsh mg;nghUis mr;nrhy;yhy; Fwpg;gNj -------- vdg;gLk;. kuG 480) kuGr; nrhw;fisg; gad;glj;jhky; NtW nrhw;fisg; gad;gLj;JtJ ----- vdg;gLk;. kuGg;gpio 481) kuGr; nrhy;Yf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L jUf ahidf; f d; W 482) kuGg;gpiof;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L jUf ahidf; F l; b 483) capu;fisg; gypapl Ntz;lhk; vd;W kd;du; gpk;gprhuu;fF ; mwpTiu $wpath; ahu;? nfsjk; Gj;ju;

,ay; VO nra;As; - jpUf;Fws;

484) nrhw;nghUs; :1. frL -- Fw;wk; 2. epw;f --- fw;wthW elf;f 3. vz; -- vz;fs;> fzpjk; 4. vOj;J -- ,yf;fz ,yf;fpaq;fs; 5. ctg;g - kfpo 6. jiyf;$b - xd;W Nrh;e;J 7. cilahu; -- nry;tk; cilahu; 8. ,y;yhu; -- nry;tk; ,y;yhjtu; 9. Vf;fw;W - ftiyg;gl;L 10. filau; -- jho;e;jtu; 11. njhl;lidj;J - Njhz;Lk; msT

53


12. khe;jh; --- kf;fs; 13. rhe;JizAk; -- rhFk; tiuapYk; 14. Vkhg;G - ghJfhg;G 15. fhKWth; -- tpUk;Gth; 16. tpOr;nry;tk; - rpwe;j nry;tk; 17. khL - nry;tk; 485) Nfhbl;l ,lq;fis epug;Gf: 1. ctg;gj; jiyf;$b -------- gphpjy; midj;Nj Gyth; njhopy;. tpil: cs;sg; 2. xUikf;fhz; jhd;fw;w -----xUtw;F vOikAk; Vkhg;G cilj;J. tpil: fy;tp 3. Nfby; tpOr;nry;tk; fy;tp xUtw;F khly;y kw;iw ------tpil: ahit 486) gphpj;J vOJf: 1. frlw - frL + mb 2. vOj;njd;g - vOe;J + vd;g 3. kzw;Nfzp - kzy; + Nfzp 4. fw;wwpe;jhu; - fw;W + mwpe;jhH 5. khly;y - khL + my;y 487) gpd;tUk; nrhw;fisr; nrhw;nwhlhpy; mikf;f: m) vOj;J M) Kfk; --,) Gyth; - nfhy;yu;> jl; l hu; KjypNahu; nra; A k; njhopy;fs; 4. rpj;uk; -- rpwg;ghd fhl;rpfs; 5. kNjhd; kj;jh; -- ngUk;gpjj ; dhfpa rptngUkhd; 492) Kf; $ lw; g s; S vd; D k; E}iy ehlfg; ghq;fpy; mikj;J ,aw;wpath; ahh;? vd; d apdhg; Gyth; 493) Kf;$lw;gs;S ---------- mike;j ghf;fisf; nfhz;l E}y; MFk;. re; j eak; 494) eP h ; epiwe; j gs; s khd Nrw; W epyj;jpy; coTj; njhopy; nra;J thOk; ghku kf;fshfpa gs;su; fspd; tho;fi ; fiar; rpj;jhpj;Jf; $Wtjhf mike;j E}y; vJ? gs; S 495) tha;ff ; hy; ePiu milj;jJ vJ? Kj; J fs;

496) jpUney;Ntypf;Fr; rw;W tlfpof;fpy; ---------> ----------> ---------> vd %d;W MWfs; $Lfpd;wd? jz;nghUie> rpw;whW> Nfhjz;luhk MW 497) %d;W MWfs; $Lk; ,lj;jpwF ; ------vd;W ngah;? Kf; $ ly; 498) K f ; $ l Y f ; F - - - - - - v d ; D k ; ngaUKz;L. M#h; tlfiu ehL 499) Kf;$lYf;Fj; njd;ghy; cs;s gFjp ------- vd toq;fg; ngWfpd;wJ. rPtykq;ifj; njd;fiuehL 500) ,U kidtpfs; kze;J jpz;lhLk; gs; s dpd; tho; f ; i f tsj; i j tbj;Jiug;gJ Nghyg; ghlg;gl;l E}y; vJ? Kf; $ lw; g s; S 501) mf;fhy kf;fspd; coTj;njhopy;> fhisfspd; gy;NtW ngah;fs;> tpijfspd; ngah;fs;> kPd; tiffs; vd kUj epytsk; gw;wp mwpa cjTk; E}y; vJ? Kf; $ lw; g s; S 502). xd;gJ kzpfs; Kj;J> gtsk;> kufjk;> khzpf;fk;> Gl; g uhfk; > ,uj; j pdk; > ituk; > it^hpak;> NfhNkjk;

,aw; i f Ntshz; i k (ciueil)

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9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com 503) Ntshz;ikg; gy;fiyf;fofk; vq;F cs;sJ? Nfhit 504) Nfhitapy; eilngWk; Ntshz;ikg; gy; f iyf; f of fz; f hl; r pf; F r; nry;y KFe;jDld; ahh; tUtjhff; $wpAs;shh;? fay; t pop 505) Ntshz;ikg; gy;fiyf;foj;jpy; ahUila khkh neLkhwd; Nguhrphpa uhfg; gzpahw;wp tUfpwhh;? Ntyd; 506) KFe;jd;> Ntyd;> fay;tpop Mfpa %tUk; ---- nrd; W Ntshz; fz;fhl;rpiag; ghu;jJ ; kfpof ; pdw ; dh;? Nfhitf; F r; 507) Ntshz;ikj; Jiwapy; nraw;if cuq;fs; g+rr ; pfn ; fhy;yp kUe;Jfisg; gad;gLj;Jtjhy; ------> ---------> -------- Kjypa tho; t hjhuq; f s; nghpJk; ghjpf;fg;gLfpwJ. epyk;> ePu;> fhw;W> Mfhak; 508) ----- vd;Dk; KJnkhopia ek; Ntshz; ngUkf; f s; gpd; g w; w Ntz;Lk;. tUKd; fhg;Nghk; 509) ,aw;if Ntshz;ik rhd;wspg;Gf; Fwpj;J ahh; Ntyd;> KFe;jd;> fay; t pop ,k; % tUf; F k; Gjpa fUj;Jfisf; $wpdhh;? Ntshz; mYtyh; rpth

510) cOjy;> tpijj;jy;> njhO cukpLjy;> ePh; gha;r;Rjy;> fis vLj;jy;> fhj;jy; Kjypait ---------- $Wfs; MFk;. ,aw;if Ntshz;ikf; 511) ts;Sth; epyj;ij vg;gb co Ntz;Lk; vd;W jkJ Fwspy; $Wfpwhh;? mfy cOtijtpl Mo cOjy; ed; W 512) epyj;jpd; ,Utiffs; vd;d? ed; n ra; > Gd; n ra; 513) ed;nra; epyk; ------- tskpf;fJ. eP u ; 514) ePut ; sk; Fiwe;j gFjp vJ? Gd; n ra; 515) Gd;nra; epyj;ij ------ vd ek; Ntshz; kf;fs; $Wth;? thdk; ghh;j;j g+kp 516) ney; > fUk; G > thio Kjyhd gaph;fs; ----------- epyj;jpy; tpisAk;? ed; n ra; 517) Gd;nra; epyj;jpy; tpisAk; gaph;fs; vJ? fk;G> Nfo;tuF> jpid> tuF> rhik> Jtiu> nfhs;S> fhuhkzp 518) gUtj;Nj gaph; nra;> Mbg;gl;lk; Njb ------ vd;gJ gonkhop. tpij

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9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com 519) ve; n je; j g; gapu; f ; F vt; t sT ,ilntsp Ntz; L k; vd; g ijf; $Wf: gaph; f s; ,ilntsp ney;Yf;F ez;Nlhl fUk;Gf;F VNuhl thiof;F tz;bNahl njd;idf;Fj; NjNuhl 520) ek; Kd;Ndhh;fs; --------- cuq;fisNa gad;gLj;jpj; jukhd tpisr;riyf; fz;ldh;. njhO 521) ,iy jiofs;> Ml;LvU> khl;L vU> fliyg; gpz;zhf;F> Ntg;gk; gpz;zhf;F> ,Yg;gk; gpz;zhf;F vdg; gy -------- cuq;fs; MFk;. ,aw; i f 522) nraw;if cuk;> g+r;rp - g+Q;rhzf; nfhy;yp kUe;Jfisg; gapu;fSf;Fg; gad;gLj;jhky; czT cw;gj;jp nra;tJ -------------- MFk;. mq;ff Ntshz;ik 523) gQ;r ft;tpak; vjdplk; ,Ue;J fpilf;Fk; Ie;J nghUs;fs; MFk;? mit ahit? gRtplkpUe; J mit: Nfhkak;> rhzk;> ghy;> japu;> nea; 524) rzg;G> mThp> nfhSQ;rp> jf;ifg; g+z;L Kjypad ------ cuk; MFk;. jio

525) gaphpYk; Ntz;lhj Gy; g+z;Lfs; tsUk;. mij coth;fs; fise;J tpLth;. mjw;Ff; --------- vd;W ngah;. fisnaLj; j y; 526) fhg;G vd;why; vd;d? fhj; j y; 527) ek; Kd;Ndhh;fs; Nfl;fhj flDk; ghh;f;fhj gapUk; ------ vd;gh;. gho; 528) ----------- kUe;J: ----------- czT vd;gJ KJnkhopahFk;. czNt> kUe;Nj 529) Ntshz;njhopypy; cs;s $Wfs; vj;jid? ,uz; L 530) nghUj;Jf:1. ney; -- m. tz;bNahl 2. fUk;G - M. ez;Nlhl 3. thio -- ,. NjNuhl 4. njd;id -- 2. 3.m> 4.,

epiyj;j nry;tk; fy;tpr; nry;tk; (Jizg; g hlk; )

531) eif tzpfh; vijr; rpwe;j nry;tk; vdf; $wpdhh;? jq;fk;> ituk; 532) Gyth; vijr; rpwe;j nry;tk; vdf; $wpdhh; fy;tpr; nry;tk;

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9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com 533) fy;tpr; nry;tj;ij ahuhYk; ---nra; a KbahJ vdg; Gyth; $wpdhh;? fsthl 534) jpUlh;fs; eiffis ahUf;Fg; ghprhfj; je;jdh;? Gyth; f ; F 535) jpUlh;fis vt;thW rk;ghjpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd Gyth; $wpdhh;? cioj; J 536) tzpfh; ve;jr; nry;tk; epiyj;j nry;tk; vdf; $wpdhh;? fy;tpr; nry;tk;

Ntw; W ik> milnkhop

537) n g a h ; r ; n r h y ; y p d ; n g h U i s NtWgLj;JtJ> -------- vdg;gLk;. Ntw; W ik 538) ngah;rn ; rhy;ypd; ,Wjpapy; mike;J nghUs; NtWghl; i lr; nra; A k; cUGfis ------- vd;gh;. Ntw;Wik cUGfs; 539) ngaiu NtWgLj; j pf; fhl; L k; cUGfs; ------ vdg;gLk;. Ntw; W ik (v.fh) 1. ,uhkd; fz;lhd; 2. ,uhkidf; fz;lhd; 540) Fwpg;G: Kjy; Ntw; W ik> ,uz; l hk; Ntw;Wik> %d;whk; Ntw;Wik> ehd; f hk; Ntw; W ik> Ie; j hk; Ntw;Wik> Mwhk; Ntw;Wik> Vohk; Ntw;Wik> vl;lhk; Ntw;Wik vd vz; tifg;gLk;.

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541) ,ay;ghd ngah; (vOtha;) gadp iyiaf; nfhz;L KbtJ ---------vdTk;> ----------- vdTk; toq;fg;gLk;. Kjy; Ntw;Wik> vOtha; Ntw; W ik 542) vOtha; Ntw;Wikf;F vdj; -------,y;iy. jdp cUG 543) ---------- cUG I vd;gjhFk;. ,uz;lhk; Ntw;Wik 544) ngah; r ; n rhy; y pdJ nghUisr; nrag;gL nghUshf NtWgLj;JtJ ---------- MFk;. ,uz;lhk; Ntw;Wik (v.fh) 1. tstd; nra;Aisg; gbj;jhd;. 545) My;> Md;> xL> XL> cld; Mfpad ---------- cUGfs; MFk;. %d;whk; Ntw;Wik (v.fh) 1. ehw;fhyp jr;rdhy; nra;ag;gl;lJ. 2. J}q;Fifahd; Xq;Feil 546) ehd;fhk; Ntw;Wik cUG -------MFk;. F (v.fh) ee;jpdpf;Fg; ghpR toq;fpdhh;. 547) Ie;jhk; Ntw;Wik cUGfs; -------> -------------> vd;gd MFk;. ,y;> ,d; (v.fh) nfhilapy; rpwe;jth; ghup 548) nrhw;fSld; ,y;> ,d; vd;Dk; cUGfs; Nrh;e;J nghUis NtWgLj;JtJ ---------- vdg;gLk;. Ie;jhk; Ntw;Wik

9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com 549) Mwhk; Ntw;Wik cUG ----------MFk;. mJ (v.fh) ,uhkdJ tPL 550) ngah;r;nrhw;fSld; mJ vd;Dk; Ntw;Wik cUG Nrh;eJ ; nghUis NtWgLj;JtJ ----------- vdg;gLk;. Mwhk; Ntw;Wik 551) Vohk; Ntw;Wikf;Fk; -----------> ------------> ------------------> vd;gd cUGfshk;. fz;> cs;> Nky;> fPo; (v.fh) 1. ngl;bf;Fs; gzk; ,Uf;fpwJ. 2. $iuapd; Nky; Nrty; cs;sJ. 552) vl; l hk; Ntw; W ikf; F ----------,y;iy. cUG 553) vl;lhk; Ntw;Wikia NtW vt;thW miog;gh;? tpsp Ntw;Wik 554) fe;jd; vd;Dk; nrhy;ypy; ,Wjp (d;) vOj;jhdJ nfl;L> mjd; may; vOj;J (j - jh - vd) eP z ; L mioj; j w; nghUisj; jUfpwJ. ,t;thW ngah;r;nrhy; rpy khw; w q; f Sld; mioj; j w; nghUspy; tUtij --------------- vd;gh;. tpsp Ntw;Wik 555) jpq;fs; vd;why; vd;d nghUs;? epyT> khjk; 556) epyit ------ vd;Wk; miog;ghh;fs;? ntz; z pyT

557) ntz;ik vd;Dk; nrhy; epyTf;f ------------- ahf te;Js;sJ. Milahf 558) nghUs; f is ,dk; g phpj; j wpa cjTk; milnkhopfs; --------------vdg;gLk;. ,dKs; s milnkhop 559) ntz;zpyT> fUq;fhf;if> nrq; fjpNuhd; ,tw;Wf;nfy;yhk; ,dkhff; $w Ntz; L khdhy; fUepyT> ntz;fhf;if> fUq;fjpNuhd; vdf; $wNtz; L k; . mt; t hW xd; W ,y;yhjjhy; ,it Nghd;wtw;iw ----------- vdf; $Wth;. ,dkpy; y h milnkhopfs; 560) gpw nkhopr; n rhy; jkpo;r; nrhy; mDkjp ,irT Mjtd; flTs; Muk;gk; njhlf;fk; M];jp nrhj;J ,k;ir Jd;gk; ,Ujak; neQ;rfk; 3- 4-M> 5-m 562) Vio khztu;fF ; ez;gfy; ,yta czT toq; F k; jpl; l j; i jr; nray;gLj;jpj; njhlq;fpath; ahh;? Nt%u; eurpk;ku; 563) Nt%u; eurpk;ku; nghUSjtp ngw ahiuia mZfpdhh;. kUj;Jt khNkij FUrhkp 564) FUrhkp vq;F tUkhW Mrphpah; Nt%u; eurpk; k iuf; Nfl; L f; nfhz;lhu;. rhh; g jpthsu; mYtyfj; j pw; F 565) FUrhkp vOk;g+u;f; nfd;dj;Jr; rhiyapy; jkf; F chpikahf ,Ue;j ---------- xd;iwg; gs;spf;Fg; gj; j puk; vOjpg; gjpT nra; J nfhLj;jhu;. khspif

,ay; vl;L nra;As; - jdpg;ghly;

566) nghUs; jUf: 1. fsgk; -- re;jdk; 2. khjq;fk; -- nghd; 3. Ntok; -- fUk;G 4. gfL - vUJ 5. fk;gkh - fk;g khT


567) fsgk;> khjq;fk;> Ntok;> gfL> fk;gkh> ifk;kh Kjypad ---------NtW ngah;fs; MFk;. ahidf; F upa 568) jdpg; ghly; vd;Dk; E}ypd; Mrphpah; ahh;? me; j ff; f tp tP u uhfth; 569) me;jff;ftp tPuuhfth; gpwe;j Cu; vJ? fhQ;rpGuk; khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s g+J}h; 570) me;jff;ftp tPuuhfth; tho;ej ; Cu; vJ? nghd; t pise; j fsj; J }h; 571) me;jff;ftp tPuuhfth; ngw;Nwhh; ngah; vd;d? je;ijapd; nagh; - tLfehju; 572) rPlL ; f;ftp ghLtjpYk; eifr;Rit jJk; g g; ghly; ,aw; W tjpYk; ty;ytu; ahh;? me; j ff; f tp tP u uhfth; 573) me;jff;ftp tPuuhfth; ,aw;wpa E}y;fs; vit? re; j puthzd; Nfhit> Nra+u; KUfd; gps;isj; jkpo;> Nra+u;f; fyk;gfk;> jpUf;fOf;Fd;wg; Guhzk; 574) jdpg; g hly; ve; j E}ypy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ. jdpg; g hly; jpul; L 575) jdpg;ghly; vj;jid Gyth;fshy; ghlg;ngw;wJ? E}w; W g; g j; J g;

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9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com 576) jdpg;ghlypy; vj;jid ghly;fs; njhFf;fg;gl;Ls;sd? Mapuj;J E}w;Wg; gjpd;%d;W 577) me; j ff; f tp tP u uhfth; tho; e ; j fhyk; vJ? fp.gp gjpNdohk; E}w; w hz; b d; ,ilg; g Fjp. 578) gphpj;J vOJf: 1. fsgnkd;Nwd; - fsgk; + vd;Nwd; 2. Ntonkd;Nwd; - NtOk; + vd;Nwd; 3. c%nkd;whs; - cOk; + vd;whs;

jhyhl;Lg; ghly;

579) ---------- vd;Dk; E}ypy; ,e;ehl;Lg; ghly; njhFf;fg; gl;Ls;sJ. kiyaUtp (ehNlhbg; ghly;fs;) 580) kiyaUtp vd;Dk; E}ypy; ,Ue;J ,g;ghliyj; njhFj;jspj;jth; ahu;? fp.th. [fe;ehjd; 581) kiyaUtp (ehNlhbg; ghly;fs;) vd;Dk; E}ypy; njk;khq;F> jq;f uj;jpdNk> uhrhj;jp> Mz; ngz; jh;ff ; k;> njhopyhsh; ghl;L> fs;sd; ghl;L> FLk;gk;> jhyhl;L> rpWth; cyfk;> Gyk;gy;> Fk;kp> nja;tk;> gy fjk; g k; vdg; --------------jiyg;Gfspy; ghly;fs; njhFf;fg; ngw;Ws;sd. gjpd; %d;W 582) jhyhl;L ghly; ----------- vd;Dk; gFjpapypUe;J vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. jhyhl; L

583)kf; f spd; gof; f tof; f q; f s; > gz;ghL> FLk;gk;> njhopyf ; s;> nja;t topghL> jpUtpohf;fs; Kjypatw;iw ve;j E}iyg; gbj;jyd; thapyhf mwpayhk;. kiyaUtp 584) Nfhbl;l ,lq;fis epug;gf: m) nfhl;b itj;j ------------Kj; N j M) fz;Nz eP fz;nlj;j ----------fhl;Lf; Fapy; ,) Gs;isf; ---------- jPu;f;f te;j fz;Nz. Fiw

jkpofj; j pd; md;dpngrz;l;

585) ngz; z pw; ngUe; j f; f ahTs vd;w ts;Sth; $w;Wf;F xg;ghf gy rhjidfs; Ghpe;jth; ahh;? %tY}u; ,uhkhkp;jk; mk;ikahh;. 586) mwpQh; mz; z h mth; f shy; ,uhkhkph;jk; mk;ikahh; ---------vdg; Gfog;gl;lhu;? jkpofj;jpd; md;dpngrz;l; 587) md;dpngrz;l; mk;ikahh; ---------Mz;L gpwe;jhu;. fp.gp 1883 Mk; 588) md;dpngrz;l; mk;ikahu; ve;j kugpy; gpwe;jth;? Njtjhrp

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9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com 589) ,uhkhkphj ; k; mk;ikahhpd; je;ijapd; ngah; vd;d? fpU\; z rhkp 590) Njtjhrpf; Fbapy; gpwe;j ngz;fSf;F -----------> ----------------> chpadthFk;. MlYk;> ghlYk; 591) Ie;J taJ kfshd ,uhkhkph;jk; mk;ikahiu mtuJ jha; vj;jid &gha;f;Fj; Njtjhrp xUj;jpaplk; tpw;whh;? gj; J 592) tsh;g;Gj;jha; ----------- taJila KjpatUf;F md;dpngrz;l mk;ikahiuj; jpUkzk; Kbf;fj; jpl;lkpl;lhh;. mWgJ 593) md;dpngrz;l mk;ikahhpd; fzth; ahh;? mk;ikahUf;F ,irAk;> ehl;baKk; fw;Wj; fe;j Rak;G vd;gtiu kze;jhh;. 594) 1917 Mk; Mz;L vq;Fj; jkJ Kjy; Nghuhl;lj;ijj; md;dpngrz;l; mk;ikahh; njhlq;fpdhh;? kapyhLJiwapy; 595) md;dpngrz;l; mk;ikahh; ve;j Kiwia xopgg ; jw;fhfg; ghLgl;lth;? Njtjhrp 596) fhe; j pabfs; ---------- khehl; b y; fye;J nfhz;L ,e;jpah jpUk;gpdhh;. ,uz; l htJ tl; l Nkir

597) fhe;jpabfs; ifJ nra;ag;gl;ljhy; rpdk; nfhz;l mk;ikahh; -------Milahf mzpe;J nfhz;lhh;. %tz;zf; nfhbia 598) md;dpngrz;l; mk;ikahh; ve;j Milia Cu; Cuhff; nfhz;L nrd;W tpw;whu;. fjh; 599) fhe;jpabfspd; fl;lisia Vw;W md;dpngrz;l; mk;ikahh; jhk; ,Ue;j Xl;LtPl;il tpLj;Jf; ------mikj;J tho;ej ; hh;. Fby; (Fbir) 600) md;dpngrz;l; mk;ikahh; Fbypd; ntspapy; tpag;g+l;Lk; tpsk;gug; gyifapy; ----------- vd vOjg;gl;L ,Ue;jJ. fjh; mzpej ; th;fs;> cs;Ns tuTk; 601) %tY}h; mk;ikahNuhL ,ize;J Njtjhrp Kiwia xopg;gjw;fhf ghLgl;lth;fs; ahh;? nghpahu; > jpU.tp.f> tujuhRY> jUkhk;ghs;> ePyhk;gpif> kyh;Kfj; jk; i kahu; > jhkiuf; fz; z p ak;ikahh; KjyhNdhh;. 602) %tY}h; mk;ikahh; -------- jpUkzq; fis Mjhpj;jhh;. Rakhpahijj; 603) 1938 Mk; Mz;L eilngw;w nkhopg; Nghh; Nguzpapy; ---------- Kjy; ------------ tiu eilg; gazk; Nkw;nfhz;lhh;. ciwa+h; (jpUr;rp) Kjy; nrd;id

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www.kalvisolai.com 604) ciwa+h; Kjy; nrd;id tiu ------------- ehs; > -------------- iky; eilg;gazk; Nkw;nfhz;lhh;. ehw;gj;jpuz;L> Ie;E}w;W vOgj;NjO 605) nkhopg;Nghu; Nguzpapy; ciwa+u; Kjy; nrd; i d tiu eilg; gazj; j pd; NghJ vj; j idf; nghJf; $l;lq;fspy; ciuahw;wpdhu;. vz; g j; N jO 606) md;dpngrz;l; mk;ikahh; ----------ghLgl;l tpbnts;spahfj; jpfo;ej ; hh;? ngz; chpikf;Fg; 607) nghJ tho; t py; md; d pngrz; l ; mk;ikahh; vj;jid Mz;Lfs; gzpahw;wpdhh;? 50 608) md; d pngrz; l ; mk; i kahhpd; kiwT vg;NghJ? vz;gjhk; tajpy; 27.06.1962 609) %tY}h; mk;ikahhpd; epiditg; Nghw;Wk; tifapy; mtuJ ngauhy; Viog; ngz;fSf;fhd jpUkz cjtpj; jpll ; j;jpid --------------- Mz;L Kjy; jkpof muR toq;fp tUfpwJ. 1989 Mk; 610) mk;ikahh; Kjy; Nghuhl;lj;ijj; njhlq;fpa Mz;l vJ? 1917

%tifg; Nghypfs;

611) “mfk;” Kfk; vd;gjw;Fg; gjpyhf mfd; Kfd; vd vOjpdhYk; nghUs; khWghlJ. ,t;thW xU

nrhy;ypd; vOj;J NtWgl;lhYk; nghUs; khWglhJ ,Ug;gijg; ---------- vd;gh;. Nghyp 612) xU nrhy;ypy>; KjypYs;s vOj;Njh ,ilapy; cs;s vOj;Njh khWgl;lhYk; nghUs; khWglhJ ,Ug;gpd; mJ ------- vdg;gLk;. Nghyp 613) Nghyp vj;jid tifg;gLk;? mit ahit? %d; W mit: 1. Kjw;Nghyp 2. ,ilg; Nghyp 3. ,Wjpg; Nghyp 614) ,Wjpg; Nghypiaf; -------- vdTk; $Wth;. filg; N ghyp 615) xU nrhy; y pd; KjnyOj; J khwpdhYk; nghUs; khWglhJ tUtJ ----------- vdg;gLk;. Kjw; Nghyp (v.fh) 1. kQ;R - ikQ;R 2. kay; -- ikay; 616) xU nrhy; y pd; ,ilnaOj; J khwpdhYk; nghUs; khWglhJ ,Ug;gJ ----------- vdg;gLk;. ,ilg; Nghyp (v.fh) 1. KuR - KiuR 2. murpay; -- miurpay;

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9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com 617) xU nrhy;ypy; gyh> thio Mfpa %d;iwAk;.

63


,ay; xd;gJ nra;As; - mk;khid

621) tPud;neL nts;Nty; tpay;nre;jpy; vk;ngUkhd; vd;w ghlypd; Mrphpah; ahu;? Rthkpehj Njrpfh; 622) mk;khid vd;d tpisahl;L? xUtiff; fha; tpisahl;L 623) Mrphpah; Fwpg;G:jpUr;nre;jpw; fyk;gfk; vd;Dk; ,e; E }iy ,aw; w path; cg;G tpisahl;L> fs;sd; fhtyd;> Nfhyp> fplb ; g;Gs;> fhw; w hb> ge; J tpisahl; L > xw;iwah ,ul;ilah> ePrr ; y;. 636) rpWkpah; tpisahLk; tpisahl;L? G+gg ; wpjj ; y;> fufutz;b> jl;lhq;fy;> gy;yhq;Fop> CQ;ry;> jhak; 637) Nghl;b Ml;lq;fshf tpisahL git? rLFL (fgb)> kl; i lg; g e; J > fhy; g e; J > ifg; g e; J > vwpge; J > ,wFg;ge;J> Xl;lk;> jiljhz;b Xl; l k; .

9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com 638) tPutpisahl;Lfspy; ngUtpUg;g Kilath; ahh;? goe; j kpoh; 639) g i o i k t h a ; e ; j M l t h ; tpisahl;Lfs;: kw;Nghhply;> VWjOTjy;> Ntl; i lahLjy; > %o; f p kzy; vLj; j y; . 640) gz;ila ehspy; ngz;fs; ve;j tpisahl;Lfspy; ,dpNj nghOJ Nghf;fpdhh;fs;. tl;lhLjy;> foq;F> mk;khid> ge;jhLjy;> CQ;ry;> XiuahLjy;. 641) kJiuapy; jpUkiy ehaf;fh; fl;ba kz;lgk; vd;gJ? jKf;fk; kz;lgk; 642) Nrho ehl;bd; gioa jiyefukhd cwe; i ja+hpy; tP u f; N fhopfs; rpwe;jpUe;jikahy; ------------- vd;Dk; ngaUk; mjw;fike;jJ. Nfhopa+h; 643) jkpohpd; jw;fhg;Gf; fiy tpisahl;L fspy; xd;whf tsh;e;J tUtJ vJ? rpyk; g hl; l k; 644) Ky;iy epyj;jpy; ---------- vd;Dk; tPu tpisahl;L eilngw;wJ. VWjOTjy; 645) tpisahl;L tPuh;fSf;Fg; muR Kd;Dhpik vij mspf;fpd;wJ. ghpRfSk;> rhd;wpjo;fSk;> fy;tp> Ntiytha; g ; G

ez; g d; (Jizg; g hlk; )

646) Fwpg; G : Xtpah; uhk;fp> khpahij uhkd; fijfs; fijj;njhFg;gpypUe;J vLj;jhsg;gl;lJ. nrhy;

,yf; f zk; --- gfhg;gjk;> gFgjk;

647) XNuOj; J j; jdpj; J epd; W k; > xd; W f; F Nkw; g l; l vOj; J fs; njhlh;e;J epd;Wk; nghUs; je;jhy; mJ ---------- vdg;gLk;. nrhy; 648) vz;fis tifg;gLj;Jjy;:gF vz;> gfh vz; 649) gjk; vd;whYk; --------- vd;whYk; xd;Nw. nrhy; 650) Fwpg;G:nkhop> fpstp vd;gd mjd; NtW ngah;fs;. 651) XnuOj; j hdJ jdpj; J epd; W nghUs; je;jhy; m/J ------------vdg;gLk;. XnuOj;J xU nkhop 652) vOj;Jfs; gy njhlh;e;J epd;W nghUs; je;jhy;. vOj;Jj; njhlh; nkhop 653) gFj;jy; vd;gjpd; nghUs; gphpj; j y;

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9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com 654) gfh vd;gjpd; nghUs; --- gphpf;f ,ayhjJ. 655) ngah;gg ; fhg;gjq;fspd; (v.fh) kz;> fy;> nghd;. 656) tpidg; gfhg;gjq;fspd; (v.fh) el> th> Ngh> nra;> epy;. 657) gFf;f ,aYk; nrhw;fisg; -------vd;gh;. gFgjk; 658) gFf;f ,aYk; cWg;Gfspd; ngah;fs;? gFjp> tpFjp> ,ilepiy> re;jp> rhhpia> tpfhuk; . 659) kdpjd; ehfhpfk; miltjw;F Kjw; fUtpahf tpsq;FtJ vJ? nkhopNa 660) nrhw;nwhlh; tiffs;: nra; j pj; n jhlh; > tpdhj; n jhlh; > fl;lisj; njhlh;> czh;rr; pj; njhlh;. 661) cyfj;jkpo;r; nrk;nkhop khehL vq;F eilngw;wJ? Nfhit 662) tyf;if jUtJ ,lf;iff;Fj; njhpaf; $lhJ vd; W (v.fh) tho;e;jth; ahh;? K.tujuhrdhh; . 663) ,ay;tJ fuNty; ,e;j Xtpaj;jpd; moF czh;rr ; pj; njhlh;

,ay; gj;J nra;As; - vq;fs; jkpo;

665) ,dpikj; jkpo;nkhop ----- vdj; njhlq;Fk; vq;fs; jkpo; ghliyg; ghbath; ahh;? ghujpjhrd; 666) nrhw;nghUs;: 1. fjp - Jiz 2. NgW - nry;tk; 3. edp - kpFjp (kpf;f) 4. juk; - jFjp 5. Gtp - cyfk; 667) ,dpik> ,d;gk;> mKJ> fdpr; rhnwdj; jpfl;Lk; Ritkpf;fJ vJ? jkpo; 668) Mrphpah; Fwpg; G : ,aw;ngah; - fdf Rg;Guj;jpdk; (ghujpahh; kPJ nfhz;l gw;wpdhy; ghujpjhrd; vd khw;wp mikj;Jf; nfhz;lhh;.)' ngw;Nwhh; -- fdfrig - ,yf;Fkpak;khs; fy;tp - jkpo;> gpnuQ;rp> Mq;fpyk; Mfpatw;wpy; Gyik kpf;fth;. ,aw;wpait - FLk;g tpsf;F> ghz;bad; ghpR> Nru jhz;ltk;> ,Uz;l tPL> jkpor;rpapd; fj;jp>

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9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com gprpuhe;ijahh;> FwpQ;rpj; jpl;L> mofpd; rphpg; G > jkpopaf; f k; Kjypad. fhyk; -- 29.04.1891 --- 21.04.1964 669) E}y; Fwpg;G: ,g;ghly; ghujpjhrd; ftpijfs; ftpijj; njhFjpapy; vq; f s; jkpo; vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; ,lk; ngw; W s; s J. 670) epug;Gf: 1. jkpo; vq;fs; ------------capnud;gjhNy. 2. ,d; g j; jkpOf; F ehSk; nra;Nthk; ey;y --------njhz; L nra; N thk;

cotpd; rpwg;G - fk;gu;

671) Nkop gpbf; F k; if --- vdj; njhlq;Fk; cotpd; rpwg;G vd;w ghlypd; Mrphpah; ahh;? fk; g h; 672) nrhw;nghUs;: 1. Nkop --- fyg;ig> Vu; 2. Nte;jh; -- kd;dh; 3. Mop - Nkhjpuk; 4. #o;tpid - cz;lhFk; tWikj; Jd;gk; 5. fhuhsh; -- Nkfj;ij MSfpd;wth; fshfpa coth;. 673) Mrphpah; Fwpg;G: ,aw;ngah; -- fk;gh; gpwe;j Cu; -- NjuOe;J}h;> kapyhL Jiwf;F mz;ikapy; cs;sJ.

je;ij ngah; -- Mjpj;jd; Nghw;wpath; -- rilag;g ts;sy; ,aw;wpa E}y;fs; -- fk;guhkhazk;> rlNfhgue;jhjp> VnuOgJ> ruRtjp me;jhjp> jpUf;if tof;fk; rpwg;G -- fy;tpapy; nghpah; fk;gh;> fk;gd; tPlL ; f; fl;Lj;jwpAk; ftpghLk; fhyk; -- gd;dpuz;lhk; E}w;whz;L

Xtpaf; f iy (ciueil)

674) fhz;gtiuf; fth;ej ; pOj;J cs;sq; fisj; jd;tag;gLj;Jk; cah;ej ; fiy vJ? Xtpaf; f iy 675) jkpoh; tsh;j;j Ez;fiyfspd; thpirapy; -------------- Kd;dzpapy; epw;fpwJ. Xtpaf; f iy 676) ve;j Mz;L Kw;gl;l fhyj;jpd; ,df; FOf;fshf tho;e;jdh;. fp.K 2000 677) jkpofj;jpy; vj;jid ,lq;fspy; Fif Xtpaq;fs; fz;Lg;gpbf;fg; gl;Ls;sd? ,Ugj; i je; j pw; F k; Nkw; g l; l ,lq;fs; (khd;> Nghh; nra;jy;> tpyq; F Ntl; i l) 678) jkpo; ehl;by; rq;f fhyj;jpw;F Kd;dNu ------------- tiuag;gl;ld. Xtpaq; f s; 679) Xtpaq; f is Kjypy; vt; t hW toq;fpAs;sdh;? fz; n zOj; J

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9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com 680) jkpo; ,yf;fpaj;jpy; ---------------vd;gjw;F Xtpak; vdg;gLk;. vOj; J 681) v e ; j n k h o p a p y ; v O j ; J f s ; cUtq;fshf cs;sd? rP d nkhopapy; 682) Xtpak; tiujw;F vJ mbg;gilahFk;? Neh;NfhL> Nfhzf;NfhL> tisNfhL. 683) Neh;NfhL> Nfhzf;NfhL> tisNfhL vd; W tiuag; g Lgit ----------vdg;gLk;. Nfhl; N lhtpaq; f s; 684) mt; t iuNfhLfs; Nky; vd; d tz;zq;fs; g+r> mofpa xtpaq;fs; cUntLf;Fk;? rptg;G> fWg;G> kQ;rs;> ePyk; 685) njhy; f hg; g pak; ---------- gw; w pf; $WfpwJ. eLfy; tzf;fk; 686) Xtpaf;fiy vd;d ngah;fshy; toq;fg; ngw;wJ? XT> Xtk;> Xtpak;> rpj;jpuk;> glk;> glhk;> tl;bifr; nra;jp. 687) Xtpaf;fiyQh; vt;thW miof;fg; gl;lhh;? Xtpah;> Xtpag;Gytd;> fz;Zs; tpidQd;> rpj;jpufhuh;> tpj;jf tpidQd; > tpj; j fh; > fpstp ty; N yhd; . 688) Xtpah; vz;zq;fspd; vOr;rpiag; gy tz;zq;fspd; Jiznfhz;L

vOJNthuhjypd; ------- vdg; Gfo;g;ngw;whh;. fz;Zs; tpidQh; 689) Xtpa E}ypd; EZf;fj;ij ed;F fw;Wg; Gyik ngw;w Mrphpah; ------------ vdg; Nghw;wg;gl;lhh;. Xtpag; G ytd; 690) Xtpaf; fiyQh; FOit vt;thW mioj;jdh;. Xtpa khf;fs; 691) Mz; Xtpah; ---------------- vdTk;> ngz; Xtpah; ----------- vdTk; ngah; ngw;wpUe;jdh;. rpj; j puhq; f jd; > rpj; j puNrdh. 692) Xtpaf; fiyf;nfd ve;j E}y;fs; ,Ue;jd? jdp ,yf;fz E}y;fs; 693) gy; t iff; fUtpfis vjw; F gad;gLj;jpdh;? gy;tiff; fhl;rpfs;> cUtq;fs; tiua 694) tz;zq;fs; Fog;Gk; gyiff;F ------------ vdg; ngahpl;LUe;jdh;. tl;bifg; gyif 695) mf;fhyj;jpy; Xtpaq;fs; tiutjw; nfd;W jdp ,lq;fs; ,Ue;jd. mit ahit? rpj;jpuf;$lk;> rpj;jpukhlk;> vOJ epiy kz;lgk;> vOnjopy; mk;gyk;. 696) ,iw eldk; Ghptjw;Nf vd;w rig xd;iw Vw;gLj;jpAs;sdh;. vJ? rpj;jpu rig

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www.kalvisolai.com 697) GwehD}w;wpy; ftpQh; Xtpaj;ij vt;thW Nghw;Wfpwhh;? Xtj;jida ,lDil tdg;G vd tPlb ; d; moif Xtpaj;jpw;F xg;g itj;Jf; ftpQh; Nghw;Wfpwhh;. 698) Fwpg;G: Rth; ,Ue; j hy; jhd; rpj; j puk; tiua KbAk;. 699) tz;zq;fythky; fhpj;Jz;Lfshy; tbtk; kl;Lk; tiutijg; -------vd;wioj;jdh;. Gidah Xtpak; 700) Xtpaj; j pw; F f; fUg; n ghUs; f s; ahit? ,aw;iff; fhl;rpfs;> fw;gidf; fhl; r pfs; > rKjha tho; f ; i f Kiwik> ,jpfhr Guhzf; fijfs; 701) rq;f fhyj;jpy; nropj;jpUe;j -------------- ,ilf;fhyj;jpy; rpije;J kiwe;J Nghfj; njhlq;fpaJ? Xtpaf; f iy 702) ve; j E}w; w hz; b y; jkpofj; i j Mz;l Kjyhk; kNfe;jputh;kg; gy;ytd;> fiyahh;tk; kpf;fth;? fp.gp 7 Mk; E}w;whz;L 703) kNfe;jputh;kg; gy;ytd; vt;thW Gfo;ngw;wpUe;jhd;? Xtpadhf 704) fy;ntl;Lfs; kNfe;jputh;kd;id vt;thW Gfo;fpd;wd? rpj; j pufhug; G yp

705) ve;j Xtpa E}Yf;F kNfe;jpth;kd; ciu vOjpAs;shh;. jl; r pzrpj; j puk; 706) jpUee;jpf; fiuapy; ve;jf; fhy Xtpaq;fs; fpilj;Js;sd? Nruh; fhy 707) ve;j E}w;whz;by; mtdpg Nrfu =ty;ygd; vd;w ghz;ba kd;dd; fhyj;jpy;> kJiu Mrphpah; ,sk; nfsjkd; ,t; N thtpaq; f is tiue;jhh; vd;W fy;ntl;Lr; nra;jp mwptpf;fpd;wJ. fp.gp. xd;gjhk; E}w;whz;L 708) Nrhoh;fhy tdg;Gkpf;f Xtpaq; fisj; --------- nghpaNfhtpypy; fz;L kfpoyhk;. jQ; i rg; 709) tpra efu> ehaf;f kd;dh;fspd; Xtpaq;fs; ve;j ,lj;jpy; fhzg; gLfpd;wd. jpUtuq;fk;> jpUg;gjp> jpy;iy> jpUth&h; > Fle; i j> kJiu> fhQ; r p 710) fp.gp gjpndl; l hk; E}w; w hz; b d; njhlf;fj;jpy; ahUila fhyj;jpy; Xtpaf; f iy ed; F tsh; r ; r p ngw;wJ? jQ; i ria Mz; l kuhl; b a kd; d h; f s; 711) ) vd;why; vd;d? (v.fh) jUf gy nghUs; f isj; njhlh; e ; J nrhy; Y k; NghJ xt; n thd; w pd; gpd;Dk; fhw;Gs;sp ,lNtz;Lk;. (v.fh) kh> gyh> thio Kf;fdpfs; 723) miug;Gs;sp vd;why; vd;d? (v.fh) jUf. Xh; vOtha;> gy gadpiyfisf; nfhz;L KbAk; nghOJ> xt;nthU gadpiyf;Fg; gpdd ; Uk; miug;Gs;sp ,lNtz;Lk;. (v.fh) rpe;jidr; nry;td; ed;whfg; gbj; j hd; @ Kjy; kjpg; n gz; ngw;whd;@ ghpR ngw;whd;. 724) tpdhf;Fwp (?) vd;why; vd;d? (v.fh) jUf xU tpdhj; njhlhpd; ,Wjpapy; tpdhf; F wp ,lNtz; L k; . (v.fh) nghw;nfhb ghlk; gbj;J tpl;lhah? 725) czh;r;rpf;Fwp(!) vd;why; vd;d? (v.fh) jUf xU nra;jpia czh;r;rpahff; $Wk; NghJ czh;rr ; pf; Fwpapl Ntz; L k; . (v.fh) vd;Nd> ,g;g+tpd; kzk;!

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www.kalvisolai.com 726) xw;iw Nkw;Nfhs; Fwp (‘ ’) vd;why; vd;d? (v.fh)jUf Xh; vOj;J my;yJ nrhy; my;yJ nrhw;nwhliuj; jdpNa Fwpf;Fk; ,lj; j pYk; xU nrhw; n whlhpy; E}ypd; ngah;> gonkhop Kjypad tw;iw Fwpf;Fk; NghJk; xw;iw Nkw;Nfhs; Fwp ,lNtz;Lk;. ‘vopy;’ vd;why; ‘moF’ vd;gJ nghUs; (v.fh) 'ghQ;rhyp rgjk;' 727) ,ul;il Nkw;Nfhs; Fwp (“---- ") xUth; $wpaij Neh;f;$w;whff; $Wk; NghJk; > xU njhliu Nkw; N fhshff; $Wk; NghJk; ,ul; i l Nkw; N fhs; Fwpapl Ntz;lk;. “mfj;jpd; moF Kfj;jpy; njhpAk;" vd;whh; xsiahh;.

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Kj; N j gtsNk nkha; j ; j gRk; nghw; R lNu- vdj; njhlq; F k; tho;j;Jg; ghliy vOjpatH ahH? jhAkhdtH jhAkhdtupd; ngw;NwhH ngaH vd;d? Nfbypag;gH nfrty;yp mk;ikahH jhAkhdtH gpwe;j CH vJ? ehfg; g l; b dk; khtl; l j; j pYs; s jpUkiwf; f hL (Ntjhuz; a k; )

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jhAkhdtupd; gzp vd;d? jpUr;rpia Mz;l tpra uFehj nrhf;fypq;fuplk; fUt+y mYtyH 5. tho;j;jhf ,lk;ngw;Ws;s ghly; ______ vd;Dk; E}y; MFk; jhAkhdtH jpUg;ghly; jpul;L 6. “jhAkhdtH jpUg;ghly; jpul;L” vd;Dk; E}y; nja;tj; jkpopd; ,dpikAk; vspikAk; nghUe;jpa nra;As; eilahy; Mfpatw;iw Cl;Lk; tifapy; cs;sJ kdj; J }a; i k> gf; j pr; R it 7. jpUr;rpuhg;gs;sp kiykPJ vOe; jUspAs;s ,iwtdhd jhAkhdtH jpUtUshy; gpwe;jikahy; ,tUf;Fj; vd;W ngaH #l;lg;gl;lJ. jhAkhdtH 8. jhAkhdtupd; kidtp ngaH vd;d? kl; L thH Foyp 9. jhAkhdtupd; fhyk; vJ? fp.gp.gjpndl; l hk; E}w; w hz; L 10. jhAkhdtH epidT ,y; y k; ______ ,y; cs;sJ. ,uhkehjGuk; khtl; l j; j pYs; s ,yl; R kpGuk; 11. nrhw;nghUs; 1.RlH - xsp 2. Mde;jk; - kfpor; r; p 3. guhguk; - Nkyhd nghUs; ,iwtd;

jpUf; F ws;

12. jpUf;Fwis ,aw;wpatH ahH? jpUts; S tH

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www.kalvisolai.com 13. jpUts; S tupd; NtWngaHfs; vd;d? Kjw; g htyH> ngha; a py; G ytH> ngUehtyH> nre; e hg; N ghjhH 14. jpUts;Stupd; fhyk; vJ ntd;W $wg;gLfpd;wJ? fp.K. 31 15. jpUf;Fws; E}y;fSs; xd;W. gjpndz; f P o ; f ; f zf; F 16. ehL> nkhop>,dk;>rkak; fle;J vf; f hyj; j pw; F k; nghUe; J tjhf mike; j ikahy; ______ vdg; Nghw;wg;gLfpwJ. cyfg; n ghJkiw 17. kf;fs;> tho;tpy; milaj;jf;fjhf ,Ue;j cWjpg;nghUs;fs; ahit? mwk;> nghUs;> ,d;gk; 18. mwk;>nghUs;> ,d;gk; vd;Dk; %d;W gpupTfisf; nfhz;ljhy; ,e;E}y; ______ vdg; ngaH ngw;wJ Kg; g hy; 19. jpUf;Fws; _____mjpfhuq;fisAk;> Fwl;ghf;fisAk; ngw;Ws;sJ. E}w;WKg;gj;J %d;W mjpfhuk;> Mapuj; J Ke; E }w; W Kg; g J Fwlghf; f s; 20. jpUf;FwSf;F %d;W tifahd rpwg;Gg; ngaHfs; cs;sJ mit thAiw tho; j ; J > nghJkiw ngha; a hnkhop.

21. jpUf;Fwspd; ngUikia czHe;j tPukhKdptH ______ vDk; nkhopapy; nkhop ngaHj;jhH. ,yj; j P d ; 22. ______ vd; g tH Mq; f pyj; j py; Fws;fis nkhop ngaHj;jhH. [p.A.Nghg; 23. cUrpa ehl;by; _____ khspifapy; cs;s Ruq;fg; ghJfhg;Gg; ngl;lfj; jpy; jpUf;FwSk; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ. mZ Jisf; f hj fpnuk; s pd; khspif 24. ,q;fpyhe;J ehl;Lf; fhl;rprr ; hiyapy; ______ itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. jpUf; F ws; tptpypaj; J ld; 25. nrhw;nghUs; 1. tpid - nray; 2. fhg;G - fhty; 3. ePutH - mwpTilahH 4. Nfz;ik - el;G 5. NgijahH - mwptpyhH 6. etpy;njhWk; - fw;ff; fw;f 7. eak; - ,d;gk; 8. eFjy; - rpupj;jy; 9. ,bj;jy; - fbe;Jiuj;jy; 10. fpoik - cupik 11. Kfef - Kfk; kyu 12. mfk; - cs;sk; 13. MW - ey;top 14. ca;jJ ; - nrYj;jp 15. my;yy; - Jd;gk; 16. cLf;if - Mil

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www.kalvisolai.com 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.

,Lf;fz; - Jd;gk; fistJ - ePfF ; tJ nfhl;gpd;wp - NtWghL ,y;yhky; Cd;Wk; - jhq;Fk; Gidjy; - Gfo;jy;

,ay; - 1 jkpo; tsHj;j rhd;NwhHfs;

22. tPukhKdptH ve;j ehl;by; gpwe;jhH? ,j; j hyp 23. tPukhKdptupd; ,aw;ngaH vd;d? fhd;];lhz;bd; N[hrg; ng];fp 24. jkpo;nkhopapd; gw;wpdhy; ijupa ehjd; vd;Dk; jk; ngaiuj; jdpj; jkpohf;fp ______ vdr; #l;bf; nfhz;lhH. tP u khKdptH 25. tPukhKdptH jd;Dila vj;jid ahtJ mfitapy; rkaj; jpUg; gzpahw;w jkpofj;jpw;F te;jhH? Kg;gjhk; mfit 26. tPukhKdptH jkpon ; khop gapdw ; NjhL ve; j nkhopfisAk; fw; W j; NjHe;jhH? njYq; F > tlnkhop 27. tPukhKdptH jkpopy; Kjd;Kjyhf ______ vd;Dk; mfu Kjypia ntspapl;lhH? rJufuhjp 28. tPukhKdptH Njk;ghtzp vd;Dk; ______ fhg;gpaj;ij ,aw;wpdhH? fpwpj;jtf; fhg;gpak;

29. tPukhKdptH “Fl;bj;njhy;fhg;gpak;” vd;Dk; ve;j E}ypd; tpsf;fj;ijg; gilj;jhH? njhd;D}y; tpsf;fk; 30. tPukhKdptH ve;nje;j rpw;wpyf; fpaq;fis ,aw;wpdhH? fyk;gfk;> mk;khid 31. Njk; g htzp ______ fjk; g khiyahff; fhl;rpaspf;fpd;wJ? fhtY}Hf; fyk;gfk; 32. tPukhKdptH jkpo; KdptHfSs; xUtuhf tpsq;Ffpd;whH vdf; $wp ahH tPukhKdptUf;Fg; Gfohuk; #l;bdhH? nry; t H ,uh.gp> NrJg; g ps; i s 33. tPukhKdptupd; fhyk; vJ? 1680-1747 34. Fzq;Fb k];jhd; rhfpG ve;j Mz;by; gpwe;jhH? 1788 Mk; Mz;L 35. “khjtQ;NrH NkNyhH tOj;Jk;” Fzq; F bahd; vd; W GytH ngUkf;fshy; Gfog;gl;ltH ahH? Fzq;Fb k];jhd; rhfpG 36. Fzq;Fb k];jhd; rhfpG ,tupd; ,aw;ngaH vd;d? Ry;jhd; mg;Jy; fhjpW 37. ve;nje;j kiyg;gFjpfSf;Fr; nrd;W> jdpj;jpUe;J Qhdk; ngw;whH? rJufpup> Gwhkiy> ehfkiy 38. Fzq;Fb k];jhd; rhFG ahUila ghly;fshy; vf;fhyf;fz;zp> kNdhd;kzpf; fz;zp> ee;jR P tuf; fz; z p 40. Fzq;Fb k];jhd; rhfpG vt; tifapy; nghUs; jUk; ghly;fs; gy ,aw;wpj; jkpOf;Fj; njhz;lhw;wpdhH? FUepiy> jtepiy> JwTepiy epak epiy> fhl;rpepiy> jpahdepiy> rkhjpepiy 41. jpUj;jzpr; rutzg; ngUkhs;> ,tH kPJ nfhz;l gw;wpdhy; ______ xd;iwg; ghbAs;shH? ehd; k zpkhiy 42. F z q ; F b k ] ; j h d ; r h f p G ,t;Tyif tpl;L vg;NghJ ePjj ; hH? 1835 Mk; Mz;L 43. MWKf ehtyH gpwe;j Mz;L vJ? 1822 Mk; Mz;L 44. MWKf ehtyH vq;Fg; gpwe;jhH? aho; g ; g hzk; ey; Y }H 45. MWKf ehtyupd; ,aw;ngaH vd;d? MWKfdhH 46. MWKfehtyH ,sikapNyNa ve;j E}y;fisj; njspthff; fw;whH? irt rpj; j he; j E}y; f isAk; > jpUKiwfisAk; . 47. MWKfehtyH jk; nkhopj;jpwik iaAk; thf;Ftd;ikiaAk; nghUs; tpsf;Fk; jd;ikiaAk; fz;L ahH kfpo;e;jdH jpUthtLJiw MjP d j; j hH

48. MWKf ehtyhupd; gy jpwik fisf; fz; l jpUthtLJiw MjPdj;jhH kfpo;Tw;W ,tUf;F ______ vd;Dk; gl;lj;ijr; #l;br; rpwg;gpj;jdH? ehtyH 49. MWKfehtyupd; gzpfs; ahit? gjpg;ghrpupaH> ciueilahrpupaH 50. MWKf ehtyiu “trd eil ifte; j ty; y hsH” vd ahH ghuhl;bdhH? gupjpkhw; f iyQH 51. MWKf ehtyH nrd; i dapy; ______ mikj;jhH? mr; R f; $ lk; 52. MWKf ehtyupd; mr;Rf;$lj;jpy; ve;nje;jj; jkpo; ,yf;fpa E}y;fisg; gjpg;gpj;jhH? ghujk;> ngupaGuhzk;> fe;jGuhzk;> jpUf;Fws;. 53. MWKf ehtyupd; mr;Rf; $lj;jpy; ve;nje;jj; jkpo; ,yf;fz E}y;fisg; gjpg;gpj;jhH? ,yf;fz tpdh-tpil> ,yf;fzr; RUf;fk;> ed;D}y; tpUj;jpAiu> ed;D}y; fhz;bifAiu> ,yf;fzf; nfhj;J> ,yf;fzr; #whtsp 54. Fwpg;G jkpowpQH rp.it.jhNkhjudhH> MWKf ehtyiug; gpd;tUkhW Gfo;e;J ciuf;fpd;whH “ey; i yefH MWKf ehtyH gpwe;jpyNuw;

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55. 56. 57. 58. 59.

nrhy;Yjkp noq;Nf fUjpnaq;Nfvy;ytUk; vj; J Guh zhfkq; f s; vq; N fgpu rq;fnkq;Fk; mj;jdwp ntq;Nf miw” vdg; Gfo;e;jhH GJf;ftpijf;F tpj;jpl;ltH ahH? ghujpahH rKjhag;Gul;rpf;F tpj;jpl;ltH ahH? ghujpjhrdhH nghJTlikf;F tpj;jpl;ltH ahH? jpUtp.fypahzRe; j udhH jdpj;jkpOf;F tpj;jpl;ltH ahH? kiwkiyabfs; Ngr; R f; f iyf; F > rpWfijf; F tpj;jpl;l ftpQH ahH? mwpQH mz;zhJiu GJikg; g pj; j d;

[p.A.Nghg;

60. [p.A.Nghg; vd;wiof;fg;gl;ltH ahH? [pahH[; Af;Nsh Nghg; 61. [p.A.Nghg; ve;j Mz;by; gpwe;jhH? fp.gp. 1820 Mk; Mz;L 62. [p.A.Nghg; ve;j ehl;by; gpwe;jhH? gpuhd;R ehl;bd; vl;tHL jPtpy; gpwe; j hH 63. [p. A.Nghg;gpd; ngw;NwhH ahH? [hd; Nghg; G f; F k; > nfjupd; AshGf;Fk; kfdhfg; gpwe;jhH. 64. [hd; Nghg;Gk;> nfjupd; Ashg;Gk; jd; kfDf;F ______I Cl;b tsHj;jdH. fy;tp> rkak;> ey;nyhOf;fk;

65. [p.A.Nghg;gpd; jikadhH ngaH vd;d? n`d; w p 66. [p.A.Nghg;gpd; jikadhH “n`d;wp” vd;gtH jkpofj;jpy; ______ Ig; gug;Gk; rka FUthfg; gzpahw;wp te;jhH. fpwpj; J tkjj; i j 67. [p.A.Nghg; mtUila vj;jidahtJ tajpy; jkpofj; j py; rkag; gzpahw;wj; NjHe;njLf;fg;gl;lhH? 19-MtJ tajpy; 68. [p.A.Nghg; gha;kuf; fg;gypy; nrd;id te;JNru vj;jid jpq;fshapd? vl; L j; j pq; f shapd 69. jkpon ; khopahy; kzk; gug; g p> vd; W k; jkpOyfpy; mopahg;Gfo; ngw;wtH ahH? rhd;NwhH jtj;jpU [p.A.Nghg; 70. [p.A.Nghg; ______ gFjpapy; rkag; gzp Mw;wpdhH. nrd;idr; rhe;Njhk; gFjpapy; 71. [p.A.Nghg; rkag;gzp Mw;wpag; gFjpfspy; vq; F g; gs; s pfis epWtpdhH? jpUney;Ntyp khtl;lk; (rhaHGuj; j py; ) 72. rkaf;fy;Y}upapy; jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fs;> Mq;fpy ,yf;fpaq;fs; Kjypa tw;iwAk; ----------> ----------> Kjypa nkhopfisAk; fw;Wj;ju [p.A.Nghg; Vw;ghL nra;jhH. fpNuf;fk;> ,yj;jPd;> vgpNuak;

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www.kalvisolai.com 73. [p.A.Nghg; --------------> Mfpatw;iwf; fw;gpf;Fk; fy;Y}up Mrpupauhfg; gzpahw;wpdhH. fzpjk;> mwptha;T (jUf;fk;)> nka; a wpT (jj; J tk; ) 74. jpUney;Ntyp khtl;lk; rhaHGuj;jpy; ______ Kjy; ______ Mk; Mz;L tiu fy; t pg; gzpAk; rkag; gzpAk; Mw;wpdhH. 1842 Kjy; 1849 75. 1849 Mk; Mz;by; ______ ehl;bw;Fr; nrd;whH. ,q; f pyhe; J 76. [p.A.Nghg; vj;jidahtJ tajpy; ve;j Mz;by; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;lhH? taJ 30> 1850 Mk; Mz;by; 77. [p.A.Nghg; jQ;irapy; gzpahw;wpa vl;lhz;Lf; fhyj;jpy; ______ Kjyhd rq;f E}y;fisAk; ______ Kjyhd ,yf;fzq;fisAk; gapd;whH. GwehD}W> ed; D }y; 78. [p.A.Nghg; ve;j VLfspy; jkpo;nkhop gw;wpa Muha;r;rpf; fl;Liufis Mq;fpyj;jpy; vOjpdhH. ,e;jpad; rQ;rpif> ,e;jpahtpd; njhy; n ghUs; Ma; T 79. [p.A.Nghg; fp.gp.1850- Mk; Mz;bw;Fg; gpwF vq;Fr; rkag; gzpahw;wj; njhlq;fpdhH? jQ; r ht+H 80. [p.A.Nghg; mtHfs; Muha;rr ; p nra;j ,e;jpad; rQ;rpif> ,e;jpahtpd; 76


81.

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83.

84.

85.

njhy; n ghUs; Ma; T Nghd; w jkpo;nkhop gw;wpa Mq;fpyj;jpy; vOjpa fl;Liufspy; -------> -------> ,lk;ngw;wpUe;jd GwehD}w;Wg; ghly;fSk;> Gwg; n ghUs; ntz; g hkhiyj; jpiz tpsf; f q; f Sk; > jkpo; g ; GytH tuyhWk; . [p.A.Nghg; caHe;j gz;ghl;Lf;Fupa nghWik> rpdkpd;ik el;G Kjyhdtw;iw tpsf;Fk; mWE}W nra;As;fis ePjpE}y;fspypUe;J Ma;e;njLj;Jj; ______ vd;Dk; E}yhfj; njhFj;jhH. jkpo;r;nra;Al; fyk;gfk; Nkiyehl; l hH jkpio vspjpy; fw; W f; nfhs; S k; tifapy; ______ x d ; i w A k ; > N g h g ; ntspapl;lhH. jkpo;- Mq;fpy mfuhjp Mq;fpyk;- jkpo; mfuhjp cjf kz; l yj; j pw; F r; nrd; w [p.A.Nghg; ve;j Mz;by; gs;sp xd;iwj; njhlq;fp MrpupauhfTk; gzpahw;wpdhH? 1858 Mk; Mz;by; jhafj;jpw;Fr; nrd;w Nghg; vj;jid tUlk; ,q;fpyhe;Jg; gy;fiyf; fofj;jpy; Nguhrpupauhfg; gzpGupej ; hH. 23 tUlk; (1885 Kjy; 1908 tiu) ,q;fpyhe;Jg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy;> ______> ______ f w ; g p f ; F k ; Nguhrpupauhfg; gzpGupe;jhH. jkpo;> njYq;F

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www.kalvisolai.com 86. [p.A.Nghg; jpUf;Fwis vj;jid Mz;L gbj;Jr; Ritj;jhH? ehw; g jhz; L fs; 87. jpUf;Fwis ehw;gjhz;Lfs; gbj;Jr; Ritj;j Nghg;> mjid Mq;fpyj;jpy; nkhop ngaHj;J ve;j Mz;by; ntspapl;lhH? 1886 Mk; Mz;L 88. [p.A.Nghg; jkJ vz; g j; j hwhk; mfitapy; 1900-Mk; Mz; L ______ Mq;fpy nkhopngaHg;gpid ntspapl;lhH? jpUthrfj; j pd; 89. [p.A.Nghg; mtupd; ,Wjpf;fhyj;jpy; ______ Kjypa E}y; f isAk; gjpg;gpj;jhH? Gwg;nghUs; ntz;ghkhiy> GwehD}W> jpUtUl; g ad; . 90. jkpopd; ngUikiaj; juzp KOtJk; gug;gpa Nghg; mtHfs; ______Mk; Mz;L______Mk; ehs; jk; ,d;Dapiu ePj;jhH. 1908 Mk; Mz; L gpg; u tupj; jpq;fs; 11 91. Mq; f py nkhopapid md; i d nkhopahff; nfhz;l Nghg; mtHfs; ______ vd;W jk;ik mwptpj;Jf; nfhz;lhH? jkpo; khztd; 92. [p.ANghg; mtH jk; fy;yiwapy; vd;d vOj Ntz;Lnkd;W jkJ ,WjpKwpapy; vOjp itj;jhH? “,q; N f xU jkpo; khztd; cwq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhd;”

Fw; w paYfuk;

93. Fw;wpaYfuk; gpupj;J vOJf? FWik + ,ay; + cfuk; 94. “FWik” vd;why; ______vd;W nghUs; FWfpa 95. “,ay; ” vd; w hy; _____ vd; W nghUs;. Xir 96. “cfuk;” vd;why; ______ vd;Dk; vOj;J MFk; c 97. Fwpy; vOj;Jf;F vj;jid khj;jpiu fhy mstpy; xypf;f Ntz;Lk;? xU khj;jpiu 98. “neby; ” vOj; J f; F vj; j id khj;jpiu fhy mstpy; xypf;f Ntz;Lk;? ,uz;L khj;jpiu 99. “nka; ” vOj; J fs; vj; j id khj;jpiu fhy mstpy; xypf;f Ntz;Lk;? miu khj;jpiu 100. cfuk; Fwpyhdhy; vj; j id khj;jpiuf; fhy msNt xypf;f Ntz;Lk;? xU khj;jpiu 101. F>R>L>J>G>W Mfpa MW ty;ypd nka; vOj;Jfisr; NrHj;J tUk; NghJ cfuk; vj;jid khj;jpiu ahff; Fiwe;J xypf;Fk;? miu khj;jpiu

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www.kalvisolai.com 102. F>R>L>J>G>W vd; g d ty; y pd nka;fspd; Nky; ______ CHe;J tUk; vOj;Jfs; MFk;? cfuk; 103. Fw;wpaYfuk; vj;jid khj;jpiu mstpy; xypf;Fk;? miu khj;jpiu 104. F>R>L>J>G>W vd;Dk; MW ty;ypd vOj;Jfs; jdpnebiyr; rhHe;J tUk;NghJ> gy vOj;Jf;fisr; rhHe;J nrhy;ypd; ,Wjpapy; tUk; NghJ mit vj;jid khj;jpiu mstpypUe;J Fiwe;J xypf;Fk;? xU khj;jpiu mstpy; 105. v / F > f / R > m / J , e ; j r ; nrhw;fspy; ,Ue;J F>R>J vd;Dk; ty;ypd nka;fs; Nky; CHe;j cfukhdJ Ma; j vOj; i jj; njhlHe; J te; J s; s jhy; ,it ______ MFk;. Ma;jj;njhlHf; Fw;wpaYfuk; 106. Rf;F> fr;R> gl;L ,r;nrhw;fspy; F>R.L Mfpa vOj;JfSf;F Kd;> ty;ypd nka;naOj;Jfs; te;jhy; mit ______ MFk;. ty;ypdj; njhlHf; Fw;wpaYfuk; 107. r q ; F > k Q ; R > e z ; L > r e ; J ,r;nrhw;fs; ______ Fw;wpaYfuk; MFk;. nkd;nwhlHf; Fw;wpaYfuk; 108. nfha;J> rhHG> %o;F ,r;nrhw;fs; ______ vt;tiff; Fw;wpaYfuk; MFk;. ,ilj; n jhlHf; Fw; w paYfuk; 78


109. capHneby;> capHnka; ______ nel;nlOj;J fis mLj;J tUk; cfuNkwpa ty;ypd vOj;Jfs; vt;tiff; Fw;wpaYfuk; vdg;gLk;? neby; njhlHf; Fw;wpaYfuk; 110. F>R>L>J>G>W Mfpa vOj;JfSf;F Kd; ,uz; L Kjyhfg; gy vOj; J fisg; ngw; W > ghyhW) capHnka;f; FwpyhfNth> nebyhfNth ,Ue;jhy; mit ______vdg;gLk; capHj; n jhlHf; Fw; w paYfuk; 111. Fw;wpaYfuk; vj;jid tifg;gLk;? MW 112. neby; n jhlHf; Fw; w paYfuk; vj;jid vOj;Jf;fisg; ngw;W tUk;? ,uz; L 113. neby; njhlHf; Fw;wpaYfuj;ijj; jtpu Vida Itiff; Fw;wpaYfur; nrhw;fs; vj;jid vOj;Jf;fisg; ngw;W tUk;? ,uz;Lf;F Nkw;gl;l

Fw; w paypfuk;

114. Fw;wpaypfuk; gpupj;J vOJf? FWik + ,ay; + ,fuk; 115. ,fuk; vd;why; ______ vd;Dk; vOj;jhFk;. , 116. Fw;wpaypfuj;jpy; tUk; ,fuk;> jd; khj;jpiuapypUe;J ______ khj;jpiu msT Fiwe;J xypf;Fk;. xU khj; j piuapypUe; J miu khj;jpiu msT

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www.kalvisolai.com 117. epiynkhop Fw;wpaYfukhf ,Ue;J> tUnkhop afuk; tupd;> epiynkhop cfuk;> ,fukhfj; jpupe;J jd; khj;jpiu mstpy; Fiwe;J xypgg ; J ______ vdg;gLk;. Fw; w paypfuk; 118. “Nfz;kpah> nrd;kpah” Mfpatw;wpy; tUk; “kpah” vd; D k; mirr; nrhy; y py; cs; s ______ jd; khj;jpiuapy; Fiwe;J xypf;Fk;. ,fuk; 119. ,fuk; jd; khj;jpiuapy; Fiwe;J xypf;Fk; ed;D}iy vOJf? afuk; tuf; Fws; cj; j pup ,fuKk; mirr;nrhy; kpahtpd; ,fuKk; Fwpa. - ed;D}y; 93

Kw; w paYfuk;

120. jdf;Fupa xU khj;jpiu mstpypUe;J Fiwahj cfuk; ______ vdg;gLk;. Kw; w paYfuk; 121. jdpf;Fwpy; vOj;ij mLj;J tUk; cfuk; ______ vdg;gLk;? ty;ypd cfuk; 122. fhZ> cz;Z> cUK ,tw;wpd; K) cfuq;fs; ahit? Kw; w paYfuq; f s; 123. vO> js; S > fjT ,tw; w pd; S>T) Kw;wpaYfuq;fs; MFk;. ,ilapd cfuq;fs; Fwpg; G

124.

125.

126. 127. 128. 129.

vO> js; S > fjT ,tw; w pd; S>T) Kw;wpaYfuq;fs; MFk;. ,t;thW jdpf;Fwpiy mLj;Jr; nrhy;ypd; ,Wjpapy; tUk; ty;ypd nka; a pd; Nky; CHe; J tUk; cfuKk;> nghJthfr; nrhw;fspd; ,Wjpapy; nky;ypd nka;apd; Nky; CHe;J tUk; cfuKk;>,ilapd nka;apd; Nky; CHe;J tUk; cfuKk; Mfpa %d; W k; Kw; w paYfuk; vdg;gLk;. “FwpQ;rpf;fyp fgpyuhy; ,aw;wg; gl;lJ” ,t; thf;fpak; vt;tpidiaf; Fwpf;fpwJ? nrag; g hl; L tpid “Kaw;rp jpUtpidahf;Fk; vd;gJ Md;NwhH nkhop” ,t;thf;fpaj;jpy; vj;njhlH te;Js;sJ? nra; j pj; njhlH “vd;Nd> mUtpapd; moF!” ,t; thf;fpaj;jpy; vj;njhlH te;Js;sJ? czHr; r pj; njhlH ghlk; gbj;jhah? ,t;thf;fpaj;jpy; vj;njhlH te;Js;sJ? tpdhj; n jhlH “fz;zd; ghlk; gbj;jhd;” ,t; thf;fpak; vj;njhliuf; Fwpff ; pwJ? cld; g hl; L j; n jhlH (nra; j p) “, u h k d ; g h l k ; g b j ; j p y d ; ” ,t;thf;fpak; vj;njhliuf; Fwpf;fpwJ? vjpHkiwj; n jhlH (nra; j p)

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www.kalvisolai.com 130. “epidthw;wiy tsHj;Jf;nfhs;” ,t;thf;fpaj;jpy; vj;njhlH te;Js;sJ? fl; l isj; n jhlH

ehd; tpUk;Gk; ftpQH

131. Gul;rpf; ftpQH ghujpjhrd; ve;j Mz;L gpwe;jhH? 29.04.1891 Mk; Mz;L 132. ghujpjhrdpd; je;ij ngaH vd;d? fdfrig 133. ghujpjhrdpd; ,aw;ngaH vd;d? Rg; G uj; j pdk; 134. ahH Nky; nfhz;l gw;why; jk;ngaiug; ghujpjhrd; vd;W khw;wpf; nfhz;lhH? ghujpahH 135. ghujpjhrd; vOjpa gpwE}y;fs; vit? ,iraKJ> FLk; g tpsf; F > kzpNkfiyntz; g h> fz; z fp Gul;rpf; fhg;gpak;> gbj;j ngz;fs;> ,isQH ,yf;fpak;> FwpQ;rpj; jpl;L Nghd;wit.

,ay; 2 nra;As; gFjp ,dpait ehw;gJ

136. “Fotp gpzpapd;wp tho;jy; ,dpNj” vdj; njhlq;Fk; ,dpait ehw;gJ ghliy vOjpatH ahH? g+jQ; N re; j dhH

137. “g+jQ;Nre;jdhH” mtHfs; vt;t+upy; gpwe;jhH? kJiu 138. g+jQ;Nre;jdhH gpwe;j fhyk; vJ? fp.gp. ,uz;lhk; E}w;whz;L 139. ,dpait ehw;gJ _____ E}y;fSs; xd;W gjpndz; f P o ; f ; f zf; F 140. ,dpait ehw;gJ ghly;fs; vj;jid ghly;fspy; njhFj;Jiuj;Js;sJ? ehw; g J 141. _____ f U j ; J f i s e h w ; g J ghly;fspy; njhFj;Jiug;gjhy; “,dpait ehw;gJ” vdg; ngaH ngw;wJ. ed;ik jUk; ,dpa 142. ,dpait ehw;gJ E}ypd; xt;nthU ghlYk; vj;jid ew;fUj;Jfis ,dpikahff; $wpAs;sJ? %d;W my;yJ ehd;F 143. _____Mk; ghly;fs; ghlg;gFjpapy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ. 12> 20 144. Foe; i j _____,d; w p tho; j y; ,dpaJ vd g+jQ; N re; j dhH $wpAs;shH. Neha; 145. nrhw;nghUs; 1. Fotp - Foe;ij 2. gpzp - Neha; 3. kaup - kaf;fk; 4. foWk; - NgRk; 5. rytH - tQ;rfH 6. kd;DapH - epiy ngw;w capH

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www.kalvisolai.com mfuKjyp tuyhW

jkpo;g;grp

146. nghd;dpd; Fitnadf;F Ntz;ba jpy;iy- vd;w ghliy vOjpatH ahH? f.rr; r pjhde; j d; 147. “jkpo;gg ; rp” vDk; ghlypd; MrpupaH ahH? f.rr; r pjhde; j d; 148. f.rr;rpjhde;jupd; gzpfs; ahit? MrpupaH gapw; r pf; fy; Y }upapy; tpupTiuahsuhfg; gzpahw;wpdhH. 149. f. rr;rpjhde;jd; Gyik ahJ? jkpo; > Mq; f pyk; > rk]; f pUjk; Mfpa Kk;nkhopfspy; Mo;e;j Gyik ngw; w pUe; j hH. 150. f.rr;rpjhde;jd; gilg;Gfs; ahit? Mde;jj;Njd; (ftpijj;njhFjp) 1954)@ md; d g+uzp (Gjpdk; ) @ aho; g ; g hzf; f htpak; . 151. “vd;Wk; ,sik Fiwahj jkpOk;@ jkpOf;F capuhf tpsq;Fk; fk;gd; ftpijfSk; Ntz; L k; vdf; $wpatH ahH? f.rr; r pjhde; j d; 152. nrhw;nghUs; 1. Fit - Ftpay; 2. khud; - kd;kjd; 153. f.rr;rpjhde;jupd; rpwg;G: kfhtpj;Jthd; etePj fpUl;bd ghujpahupd; khztH> ,tHjk; ghly;fspy; fk;gdpd; kpLf;ifAk; ghujpapd; rpdg; N ghf; i fAk; xUkpj;Jf; fhzyhk;.

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154. mfuhjp vd; D k; nrhy; ve; j ,Ur;nrhw;fspd; NrHf;if MFk;? mfuk;> Mjp 155. xU nkhopapYs;s vy;yhr; nrhw; fisAk; mfutupirapy; mikAk; gb xU Nruj; njhFj;J tpsf;Fk; E}iy _____ vd;gH. mfuhjp 156. mfuhjpj; jw;Nghija tof;fpy; vd;dntd;W miof;fpwhHfs;? mfuKjyp 157. jkpo; mfuKjyp tuyhw;wpy>; nrk;ghjp ,lj; i jg; ngWk; ve; E }y; f s; epfz;Lfs; MFk;? nrhw;nghUs; Jiw E}y;fs; 158. “epfz;Lfspy;” gioikahdJ____ Nre;jd; jpthfuk; 159. “Nre;jd; jpthfuk;” - E}ypd; MrpupaH ahH? jpthfuH 160. epfz;Lfisj; njhlHe;J vj;jid epfz;Lfs; Njhd;wpAs;sd? ,Ugj;ije;J epfz;Lfs; 161. “#lhkzp epfz;L” vd;w E}ypd; MrpupaH ahH? kz;ly GUlH 162. , U g j ; i j e ; J e p f z ; L f s p y ; rpwg;Gkpf;f epfz;L vJ? kz;ly GUlH ,aw;wpa #lhkzp epfz; L 163. jpU%yupd; jpUke;jpuj;jpy; vr;nrhy; Kjd; Kjyhf ,lk; ngw;wJ? mfuhjp

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www.kalvisolai.com 164. mfuhjp vd;Dk; nrhy; epfz;LfSs; xd;whd_____ ,y; milnkhopahf mike;Js;sJ? mfuhjp epfz;Lr; nrhy; 165. mfu Kjypfs; Njhd;Wtjw;F xU jpUg;G Kidahf mike;j E}y; vJ? mfuhjp epfz;L 166. mfuKjyp E}ypy;; nrhw;fspd; ve;j vOj;Jfs; kl;LNk mfutupirapy; tUk;? KjnyOj; J fs; 167. tPukhKdptH njhFj;j_____jkpopy; Njhd;wpa_____MFk;. rJufuhjpa> Kjy; mfuKjyp 168. “rJH” vd;gjw;Fg; nghUs; vd;d? ehd; F 169. “rJH” vd;Dk; E}ypd; vj;jid tifapy; jdpj;jdpahfg; nghUs; tpsf;fk; mspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ? ngaH> nghUs;> njhif> njhil vd;Dk; ehd;F 170. NghHr;RfPrpa- ,yj;jPd; jkpo; mfuhjpia cUthf;fpatH ahH? tP u khKdptH 171. jkpo;-,yj;jd P ; mfuhjp> ,yj;jd P -; jkpo; mfuhjp> jkpo; - gpnuQ; R mfuhjp> gpnuQ;R-jkpo; mfuhjp> NghHr;RfPrpa- ,yj;jd P ; jkpo; mfuhjp Mfpa mfu Kjypfis cUthf;fpatH ahH? tP u khKdptH 172. jkpo; - jkpo; mfuhjp xd; i w ntspapl;ltH ahH? nytp ];ghy;b];

173. “jkpo;r; nrhy;yfuhjp” vd;w E}y; ahuhy; ntspaplg;gl;lJ? aho; g ; g hzk; fjpiuNtydhH. 173. jkpo;r; nrhy;yfuhjpf;F kw;nwhU ngaH vd;d? rq;f mfuhjp 174. jkpo;g; Ngufuhjp vd;Dk; xd;iw ntspapl;ltH ahH? Fg; G rhkp 175. rq;f mfuhjpapy; nrhy;ypd; %yk; ve;j kuigg; gpd;gw;wg;gl;Ls;sJ? jUjy;> Nkw;Nfhs; mikj;jy; 176. glq; f Sld; $ba XH mfu Kjypia ntspapl;ltH ahH? ,uhkehjd; 177. mfuKjyp ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;Lj; _____ vDk; ngaUld; ntspte;jJ? jkpo; mfuhjp 178. jkpo; Mq; f pyg; Ngufuhjpiaj; njhFj;jtH ahH? tpd; R Nyh 179. gthde;jj;jpd; jw;fhyj; jkpo;r; nrhy; y fuhjp ve; j Mz; b y; ntspte;jd? 1925 Mk; Mz;L 180. 1937- Mk; Mz;by; _____ vDk; mfuhjp ntspte;jd? kJiuj; jkpo;g; Ngufuhjp 181. j k p o ; - j k p o ; m f u K j y p i a njhFj;jtH ahH? K.rz; K fk;

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www.kalvisolai.com 182. K.rz;Kfk; vd;gtuhy; njhFf;fg; gl;l jkpo;- jkpo; mfuKjyp ve;j Mz; b y; jkpo; e hl; L g; ghlE}y; epWtdj;jhy; ntspapl;lJ? 1985 Mk; Mz;L 183. ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;by; ntspte;j kpfg;ngupa mfuKjyp ahJ? nrd;idg;gy;fiyf;fof mfuhjp 184. nrd;idg;gy;fiyf;fof mfuhjp vd;Dk; ngaupy; _____ ntspaplg;gl;Ls;sd. jkpo; nyf;rpfd; 185. “jkpo; nyf;rpfd;” vd;Dk; ,t;tfu Kjyp vj; j id njhFjpfshf ntspaplg;gl;ld? MW njhFjp 186. ve;j Mz;L NjtNeag;ghthzupd; nre;jkpo;r; nrhw;gpwg;gpay; Ngufu Kjypapd; Kjy; njhFjp ntsp te;jJ? 1985 Mk; Mz;L 187. ve;j Mz;L NjtNeag;ghthzupd; nre; j kpo; r ; nrhw; g ; g pay; Ngufu Kjypapd; ,uz;lhk; njhFjp ntsp te;jJ? 1993 Mk; Mz;L 188. KOikahff; fzpdp cjtpAld; cUthf;fg;gl;L ntspte;j Kjy; jkpo; mfuKjyp vJ? fpupahtpd; jw;fhyj; jkpo; mfuhjp 189. vr;rpe;jidapd; tpisthff; fiyf; fsQ;rpak; Njhd;wpaJ? ,yf;fpaq;fspy; nrhy;yg;gl;Ls;s ngaHfs;> fijfs; tuyhWfs;> gof;f tof;fq;fs;

190. jkpo; f ; fiyf; f sQ; r paq; f spd; Kd;Ndhb vJ? mgpjhd Nfhrk; 191. vr;nra;jpfisf; nfhz;L ,yf;fpaf; fsQ;rpakhfj; jpfo;fpd;wJ? ,yf;fpag;Guhz ,jpfhrr; nra;jp 192. ,yf;fpag;Guhz ,jpfhrr; nra;jpfs; ve;j Mz;by; ntspahdJ? 1902 Mk; Mz;L 193. “mgpjhd rpe; j hkzp” E}iyj; njhFj;J ntspapl;ltH ahH? rpq; f hu NtydhH 194. “mgpjhd rpe;jhkzp” E}y; ve;j Mz;by; ntspaplg;gl;lJ? 1934 Mk; Mz;L 195. jkpo; tsHr;rpf; fofk; Kiwahd Ij; njhFj;J ntspapl;Ls;sJ? Kjy; fiyf;fsQ;rpaj;ij 196. Kjy; fiyf;fsQ;rpaj;ij vj;jid njhFjpfshf ntspapl;ldH? gj;Jj; njhFjp 197. jkpo; tsHr;rpf; fofk; vj;jid tifahd fiyf;fsQ;rpaq;fis ntspapl;Ls;sJ? %d; W (1.Foe; i jfs; fiyf; fsQ;rpak;> 2. ehlff; fiyf; fsQ;rpak;> 3. ,Ryhkpa fiyf; fsQ; r pak; 198. ve; j epWtdj; j pd; Kaw; r pahy; nghJmwpT> cstpay;> Gtpapay;> Gs;spapay;> tuyhW> thdtpay;> JiwfSf;Fk; fiyr;nrhy; mfu Kjypfs; njhFf;fg;gl;ld? ve;j Mz;by; njhFf;fg;gl;ld? fiyf;fjpH (1960 Mk; Mz;L)

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www.kalvisolai.com 199. mwptpay; rhHe;j Jiwthupahd fiyr;nrhy; mfuKjypia ahH njhFj;J ntspapl;ldH? kzit K];jgh 200. mwptpay; fiyr;nrhy; fsQ;rpak; ve;j Mz;by; ntspaplg;gl;lJ? 1991 Mk; Mz;L 201. mwptpay; fiyr;nrhy; fsQ;rpaj;ij jkpo;f; fiyr; nrhy;Yld; tpsf;f _____ jug;gl;Ls;sd. nrhw; n ghUs; f s; 202. ,d;iwa kf;fSk; gz;ila ,yf;fpa ,yf; f zq; f spd; nrhy; t sk; nghUshok; Nghd;wtw;iwj; njs;sp jpd; mwpeJ ; Ritj;J kfpoj; Jiz nra;tJ vJ? mfuKjyp 203. fhye;NjhWk; Vw;gLk; nrhw;nghUs; khw;wq;fis mfuKjypfs; gjpT nra;tjd; %yk; cjTfpd;wd? rP H ikahd nkhop tsHr; r p 204. Fwpg;G mfu Kjyp xd;iw ehSk; gbj;J tUtha; epfup yhj nrhw;fs; epidtpy; ed;F ngWtha; ghujpjhrd;

,yf;fpa tifr; nrhw;fs;

205. ngaHr;nrhy;> tpidr;nrhy;> ,ilr; nrhy;> cupr;nrhy; ,it ve;j tiff;Fs; mlq;Fk;? ,yf;fz tif 206. ,yf;fpa tifr; nrhw;fs; vj;jid tifg;gLk;? ehd; F

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207. ehd;F ,yf;fpa tifr; nrhw;fis vOJf? ,aw;nrhy;> jpupr;nrhy;> jpirr; nrhy; > tlnrhy; 208. vy;yhUf;Fk; nghUs; tpsq;Fk; tifapy; ,ay; g ha; mike; j jkpo;r;nrhy; _____ vdg;gLk;? ,aw; n rhy; 209. ,aw;nrhy; vj;jid tifg;gLk;? ,uz; L 210. ,U tifahd ,aw; n rhw; f s; vd;ndd;d? 1. ngaH ,aw;nrhw;fs; 2. tpid ,aw;nrhw;fs; 211. fw;wtHfSf;F kl;LNk tpsq;ff; $badtha; ,Uf;Fk; nrhy; vJ? jpupnrhy; 212. jpupnrhy; vj;jid tifg;gLk;? ,uz; L 213. , U t i f a h d j p u p n r h y ; f s ; vd;ndd;d? ngaHj; jpupnrhy;> tpidj; jpupnrhy; 214. jkpo;ehl;ilr; #o;eJ ; s;s gpwgFjp fspypUe; J jkpopy; toq; F k; nrhw;fs; _____ MFk;. jpirr; n rhw; f s; 215. jpirr;nrhw;fSf;Fupa jkpor; ; nrhw;fs; jpirr;nrhy; jkpo;rn ; rhy; 1. gz;bif - jpUtpoh 2. nts;sk; - ePHg;ngUf;F 3. tpahghuk; - tzpfk; 4. [kf;fhsk; - tpupg;G 5. Ntbf;if - fhl;rp

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www.kalvisolai.com 216. tlnkhopr; nrhw; f s; jpupe; J k; jpupahkYk; jkpo; nkhopapy; te;J toq; F khdhy; mit _____ vdg;gLk;. tlnrhy; 217. tlnrhw;fSf;Fj; jkpo;r;nrhw;fs;: tlnrhy; jkpo;rn ; rhy; 1. fkyk; - jhkiu 2. tp\k;(tplk;) - eQ;R 3. G\;gk; (Gl;gk;) - kyH 218. nghUj;Jf 1. epyk;> eha; - tpidj;jpupnrhy; 2. te; j J> gbj; j hd; - ngaH ,aw;nrhy; 3. fspW> Gutp - tpid ,aw;nrhy; 4. tpdtpdhd;> Nehf;fpdhd; ngaHj;jpupnrhy; tpil: 1. ngaH ,aw;nrhy; 2. tpidj; jpupnrhy; 3. ngaHj; j pupnrhy; 4. tpid ,aw;nrhy; 219. “mkH” vd;gjd; nghUs; NghH 220. njhz;Z}w;whW gpupf;Fk; Kiw njhz;Z}W MW 221. fhw; W > epyT> QhapW> gyif ,it vspjpy; nghUs; tpsq;Fk; nrhw;fs; vd;gjhy; ,it _____ MFk;. ngaHr; nrhw; f s;

222. NeH$w;W> maH$w;Wj; njhlHfs; Nty;tpop ed;whfg; gbj;Jj; NjHtpy; Kjd;ik ngW vd;W MrpupaH mwpTiu $wpdhH. (NeH$w;W) ed;whfg; gbj;Jj; NjHtpy; Kjd;ik ngWkhW MrpupaH Nty; tpopf;Ff; $wpdhH. (maw;$w;W) 223. NeH$w;iw maw;$w;whf khw;Wk; NghJ khWk; nrhw;fs; NeH$w;W maw;$w;W ,d;W md;W New;W Kd;dhs; ,J mJ ,jdhy; mjdhy; ehk;> ehq;fs; - jhk;> jhq;fs; ePqf ; s; mtHfs; ehis kWehs; ,g;nghOJ mg;nghOJ ,it mit ehd; jhd; eP mtd;> mts;

,ay; %d;W nra;As; gFjp jpUts; S tkhiy

224. j p U t s ; S t k h i y ghliy ,aw;wpatH ahH? fgpyH 225. fgpyH gpwe;j fhyk; vJ? fp.gp.,uz; l hk; E}w; w hz; i lr; rhHe;jtnud;Wk;> rq;ff;fhyj;jpw;Fg; gpd; tho;e;jtnud;Wk; Fwpg;gH.

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www.kalvisolai.com 226. jpUf;Fwspd; rpwg;gpid czHj;j ve;E}y; vOe;jJ? jpUts;Stkhiy vd;Dk; jdpE}y; 227. jpUts;Stkhiy E}ypy; vj;jid ghly;fs; cs;sd? Ik; g j; i je; J 228. jpUts;Stkhiy ghliy vj;jid GytHfs; ghbAs;shHfs;? Ik;gj;J %d;W 229. jpUts;Stkhiy _____ mZF Kiwiar; rhHe;jJ? mwptpay; 230. Fwpg; G ctik rpWGy;ypd; jiyapy; jpidas tpDk; rpWgdpePH nebJaHe;j gid kuj; j pd; cUtj; i jj; jd; D s; njspthff; fhl;Lk;. ctkpf;fg;gLk; nghUs; ts; S tupd; Fws; n tz; g hf; f s; mUk;ngUk; fUj;Jfisj; jk;kfj;Nj mlf;fpf; fhl;Lk; 231. xspiaj; Nfhl; l k; milar; nra; t jdhy; njhiytpYs; s nghUspd; cUtj;ij mz;ikapy; Njhd;Wk; gb nra;ayhk; vd;W ahH $wpdhH? fyP y pNah fypyp 232. nrhw;nghUs; 1. ts;is - ney;Fj;Jk; NghJ ngz;fshy; ghlg;gLk; xUtifg; ghl; L 2. msF - Nfhop

esntz; g h

233. esntz;ghtpd; MrpupaH ahH GfNoe; j pg; G ytH 234. GfNoe;jpg;GytH gpwe;j CH vJ? njhz;ilehl;bd; nghd;tpise;j fsj;J}H (fhQ;rpGuk; khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s ngUq;fsj;J}H) 235. GfNoe;jpg;Gytupd; rpwg;G ahJ? tuFz ghz;badpd; mitg;GytH 236. GfNoe;jpg;Gytiu Mjupj;j ts;sy; ahH? re;jpud; RtHf;fp 237. GfNoe;jpg;Gytupd; fhyk; vd;d? fp.gp. 12 Mk; E}w;whz;L 238. GfNoe;jpg;GytH fhyj;jpy; tho;ej ; ,U GytHfs; ahH? fk;gH> xl;lf;$j;jH 239. ntz;gh ahg;gpy; fhg;gpag; nghUisj; njhlHepiyr; nra; A s; f sha; g ; ghba rpwg;gpdhy; ,tH vdg; Nghw;wg;gLfpwhH? ntz; g htpw; GfNoe; j p 240. esntz;gh vd;gJ _____ $Wk; E}nyd tpupe;J nghUs; jUk;. esdJ tuyhw;iw ntz;ghf;fshy; 241. “esntz;gh” vj;jid fhz;lq; fisf; nfhz;lJ? %d; W 242.esntz; g htpy; fhz; l q; f isf; $Wf? Rak; t u fhz; l k; > fypnjhlH fhz;lk;> fypePq;F fhz;lk;.

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www.kalvisolai.com 243. e s n t z ; g h t p d ; vj;jid ntz;ghf;fis nfhz;Ls;sJ? ehD}w;W Kg;gj;njhU ntz;ghf;fs; 244. epljehl;L kd;dd; esd;> tpjHg;g ehl;L kd;dd; kfs; jkae;jp Mfpa ,UtUk; ve;jg; gwitfs; cjtpapd; xUtiug; gw;wp xUtH mwpe;J md;G nfhz;ldH? md; d g; g wit 245. nrhw;nghUs; 1. Mop - fly; 2. tb mk;G - tbf;fg;gl;l mk;G 3. tpRk;G - thdk; 4. nrhw;whd; - ntd;whd; 5. muT - ghk;G 6. gps;isf;FUF - ehiuf;FQ;R 7. ts;is - xUtif ePHf;nfhb 8. flh - vUik 9. ntstp - ft;tp 10. rq;fpd; gpsi ; s - rq;Ff;FQ;Rfs; 11. nfhb - gtsf;nfhb 12. NfhL - nfhk;G 13. fop - cg;gq;fop 14. jpiu - miy 15. Nkjp - vUik 16. fs; - Njd; 17. Gs; - md;dk; 18. Nrb - Njhop 19. ,q;fpyhe;J ehl;by; 248. fzpdp cUthf vJ Kjy; gbtkhf mike;jJ? kzpr; r l; l k; 249. rpynehbfspy; kpy;ypad; fzf;F fisr; nra;J fhl;Lk; fzpdpia ve;j Mz;by; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lJ? ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;L 250. fzf;fpLk; fUtpiaf; fz;lwpe;jtH ahH? gpNs]; gh];fy; 251. gpNs];gh];fy; vd;Dk; mwpQH ve;efiur; NrHe;jtH? ghupR efiu

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www.kalvisolai.com 252. Kjy; nray; j pl; l tiuthsH vdg;Nghw;wg;gl;ltH ahH? Mq;fpyf; ftpQH igudpd; kfs; “Nyb yt;Ny];” 253. `hHthHL gy;fiyf;foff; fzpjg; NguhrpupaH “N`hthHL [f;fd;” vd; g hiu _____ JizAld; vz;zpyf;ff; fzpdpiaf; fz;lwpaj; J}z;baJ? I. gp.vk;. nghwpahsH 254. fzpjg; NguhrpupaH N`hthHL [f;fd; fz;lwpe;j vz;zpyf;ff; fzpdpapd; ngaH vd;d? `hHthHL khHf; -1 255. jw;NghJ mnkupf;fhTk; [g;ghDk; ve; j f; fzpdpia cUthf; f g; Nghl;bapLfpwhHfs;? kPj;jpwd; fzpdp 256. fzpdpapd; tiffs; ahit? 1. gy;Y}lf trjpnfhz;l fzpdp 2. kbf;fzpdp 3. ifalf;ff; fzpdp 257. “,izak;” vd;Dk; tbtj;jpw;F tpj;jpl;ltH ahH? [hd; lh];ly; vd;Dk; mnkupf; f uhthH 258. vjd; thapyhf ,yf;fpak;> mwptpay;> thdpay; tuyhW> Gtpapay;> fzpjk;> jpiug;glk; vd vz;zw;w Jiw fspd; nra;jpfis mwpa KbAk;? ,izak;

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259. ve;j Mz;by; xU fzpdpapypUe;J kw;nwhU fzpdpfF ; r; nra;jpia khw;w kpd;fhe;j ehlhitg; gad;gLj;jpdH? 1960 Mk; Mz;L 260. xU fl;lj;jpw;Fs; ,Uf;Fk; fzpdp fis vy;yhk; fk;gpr; RUSld; ,izf;f ____ vd;Dk; rpWgyif iag; nghUj;jp gad;gLj;jpdhHfs;? fhy;tha;> nfhk;G Edp Nghd;w ,yf;fzKila nrhw;fisg; GwefH> tha;f;fhy;> Edpf;nfhk;G vd khw; w p ek; Kd; N dhHfs; ,yf;fz KilaJ Nghy toq;fp tUtij _____ vd;fpNwhk;. ,yf; f zg; N ghyp 280. jQ;rhT+H> Nfhak;Gj;JhH> ,it jQ;ir> Nfhit vdr; rpije;J te;Js;sjhy; ,ij ___ vd;fpNwhk;. k&c

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www.kalvisolai.com 281. jFjpahd nrhw;fisg; NgRtJ _____ vd;gH. jFjp tof;F 282. jFjp tof;fpd; tiffs; ahit ,lf;fulf;fy;> kq;fyk;> FOcf;Fwp 283. gyH Kd;Nd $w ,lHg;ghlhfj; Njhd;Wk; nrhw;fis ePff ; pj; jFe;j nrhw;fshy; mg;nghUisj; njuptpgg; J _____ vd;gH. ,lf; f ulf; f y; 284. mkyq;fykhd nrhy;iy ePf;fp kq;fykhd nrhy;yhy; mg;nghUis toq;FtJ _____ vd;gH. kq; f yk; 285. xU FOtpdH jkf;F kl;Lk; GupAk; tifapy; xU nghUSf;Ff; Fwpgg ; hf toq;Fk; ngaiuf; _____ vd;gH FOcf; F wp 286. nghUj;Jf: 1. ,yf;fzKilaJ - Nfhit 2. ,yf;fzg;Nghyp - epyk; 3. k&c - GwefH 4. ,lf;fulf;fy; - gwp 5. kq;fyk; - fhy; fOtp te;jhd; 6. F*cf;Fwp- ,iwtdb NrHe;jhH tpil: 1. epyk; 2. GwefH 3. Nfhit 4. fhy; fOtp te;jhd; 5. ,iwtdb NrHe;jhH 6. gwp

287. “ahopdp ghlk; gbj;jhs;” ,j;njhlH ahJ? ,yf; f zKilaJ.

kuGr; n rhw; f s;

288. Kd; N dhH vr; n rhy; i y vg; g b toq;fpdNuh mr;nrhy;iy mg;gbNa Vw;W toq;Fjy; _____ kuG tpyq;Ffspd; ,sikg;ngaHfs; 1. mzpw;gps;is 2. Gypg;gwo; 3. eha;f;Fl;b 4. fPupg;gps;is 5. vUikf;fd;W 6. khd;fd;W 7. gd;wpf;Fl;b 8. rpq;ff;FUis 9. fOijf;Fl;b 10. Ml;Lf;Fl;b 11. ahidf;fd;W 12. Fuq;Ff;Fl;b 13. Fjpiuf;Fl;b 14. vypf;FQ;R tpyq; F fspd; thoplq; f s; 1. Ml;Lg;gl;b 2. Fjpiuf;nfhl;by; 3. Nfhopg;gz;iz 4. khl;Lj;njhOtk; 5. ahidf;$lk; 6. thj;Jg;gz;iz

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www.kalvisolai.com tpyq;F gwit ,dq;fspd; xypkuG 1. Me;ij myWk; 2. fOij fj;Jk; 3. fhf;if fiuAk; 4. fpsp nfhQ;Rk; 5. eup CisapLk; 6. Fjpiu fidf;Fk; 7. Fapy; $Tk; 8. Nfhop nfhf;fupf;Fk; 9. rpq;fk; Koq;Fk; 10. kapy; mfTk; 11. ahid gpspWk; jhtu cWg; G g; n gaHfs; 1. jpyfH Guhzk; Rthkpfs; rupjk;> fhe;jp Guhzk;> 302. mryhk; g pif mk; i kahH xU _____ MthH. rpwe; j Ngr; r hsH 303. mryhk;gpif mk;ikahiu ,f;fhy xsitahH vd;W ahH ghuhl;LthH? jpU.tp.f 304. mryhk;gpif mk;ikahH gy fhyk; ve;j Cupy; tho;e;jhH jpUg;ghjpupg; GypA+upy; (flY}H)

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www.kalvisolai.com 305. mryhk;gpif mk;ikahH jdJ ,Wjpf; fhyj;jpy; ve;j Cupy; tho;e;jhH tlY}H 306. mryhk;gpif mk;ikahH jdJ ,Wjpf; fhyj;jpy; ehD}w;W xd;gJ ghly; f isf; nfhz; l _____ vd;Dk; nra;As; E}iy ,aw;wpdhH ,uhkypq;f Rthkpfs; rupjk; 307. fhe;jpGuhzk; vj;jidg; ghly; fisf; nfhz;lJ? rf;fe;jp Kj; j hj; j hs; 314. NtYehr; r pahupd; je; i j ____ Mz;l kd;dH MtH. ,uhkehjGuk; 315. NtYehr;rpahH gpwe;j Mz;L vJ fp.gp. 1730 Mk; Mz;L 316. NtYehr;rpahH _____ thupirg; Nghd; N w MAjg; g apw; r p Kjy; midj;ijAk; fw;Wj; NjHe;jhH Mz; 317. NtYehr;rpahupd; fztH ahH rptfq;if kd;dH Kj;JtLfehjH 318. M q ; f p N y a H v e ; j M z ; b y ; rptfq;ifr; rPikapd; kPJ gilnaLj;jhH 1772 Mk; Mz;L 319. Kj; J tLfehjH ahUld; NghH nra;J tPukuzkile;jhH Mq; f pNyaH 320. NtYehr; r pahH Mq; f pNyaiu vjpHg; g ijf; Fwpj; J ahUld; fye;J NgrpdhH? ik#H kd;dH IjH myp 321. NtYehr;rpahUf;F cjt tpUk;gpa IjH myp vj;jid giltPuHfis mtUld; mDg;gpdhH? Iahapuk; 322. NtYehr; r pahH jd; fztiuf; nfhd;w Mq;fpNyaiu ntd;W ve;j Mz;by; rptfq;ifia kPl;lhH 1780 Mk; Mz;L

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www.kalvisolai.com 323. NtYehr; r pahH ____ rNfhjuH fSld; tPuHgilf;Fj; jiyik Naw;Wr; nrd;whH kUJ 324. flY}H mQ; r iyak; k hs; ve; j Mz;by; gpwe;jhH 1890 Mk; Mz;L 325. flY}H mQ;riyak;khs; gpwe;j CH vJ flY}upy; cs;s KJefupy; 326. ve;j Mz;by; fhe;jpabfs; xj;Jio ahik ,af;fj;ijj; njhlq;fpa NghNj mQ; r iyak; k hs; jkJ nghJ tho;fi ; fiaj; njhlq;fpdhH 1921 Mk; Mz;L 327. flY}H mQ;riyak;khs; ve;nje;j Nghuhl;lq;fspy; fye;J nfhz;L gy Mz;L rpiwapy; thbdhH ePyd; rpiyia mfw;Wk; Nghuhl;lk;> cg;Gf;fha;rR ; k; Nghuhl;lk;> kwpay; Nghuhl;lk;> jdpahs; mwg; Nghuhl;lk;> nts;isaNd ntspNaW ,af;fk; Mfpa Ie;J Nghuhl;lk; 328. flY}H mQ;riyak;khs; ve;nje;j rpiwapy; milg;gl;L ,Ue;jhH flY}H> jpUr;rp> NtY}H> ngy; y hup 329. NtY}Hr; rpiwapy; ,Ue;j NghJ fUTw;w epiyapy; ,Ue;j mtiu (flY}H mQ;riyak;khs;) ve;j muR ntspapy; mDg; g p tpl; L kfg;Ngw;wpwF ; g; gpd; kPzL ; k; rpiwapy; milj;jJ? Mq;fpNya muR

330. flY}H mQ;riyak;khs; kpfr;rpwe;j _____ Mf tpsq;fpdhH Ngr; r hsH 331. FLk;gr; nrhj;JfisAk; FbapUe;j tPli ; lAk; tpw;W vjw;fhf nryT nra;jhH? tpLjiyg; N ghuhl; l k; 332. ePyd; rpiyia mfw;Wk; Nghuhl;lj; jpy; jk;Kila vj;jid taJ kfisAk; mr; r pWkpiaj; jd; D l D f ; F Mrpukj;J mioj;Jr; nrd;W _____ vd;W ngaupl;Lg; gbf;fTk; itj;jhHfs; thHjhtpy; cs;s yPyhtjp 334. mQ;riyak;khs; gHjh Ntlkzpe;J ve; j tz; b apy; fhe; j pabfis Vw;wpr; nrd;whH Fjpiutz; b 335. mQ;riyak;khspd; kfs; ngaH vd;d mk; k hf; f z; Z 336. fhe;jpabfs; ahiuj; njd;dhl;bd; [hd;rpuhzp vd;wioj;jhH? flY}H mQ; r iyak; k hs; 337. mk;G[j;jk;khs; ve;j Mz;L gpwe;jhH 1899 Mk; Mz;L rdtup8

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www.kalvisolai.com 338. mk; G [j; j k; k hs; tP l ; b ypUe; N j ve;nje;j nkhopfisj; jpwk;gl gapd;whH? jkpo;> Mq;fpyk;> ,e;jp> rkw;fpUjk;. 339. mk;G[j;jk;khs; ahUila vspik ahd Njhw;wj;jpdhy; ftug;gl;L vspikahf tho;ej ; hH md; i d f]; J }upgha; 340. mk;G[j;jk;khs; vf;Fzq;fisj; Jwe;jhH? gl;L> gfl;L> Mq;fpyNkhfk;. 341. mk;G[j;jk;khs; gy;NtW fl;Lg; ghLfs; kpFe;j FLk;gj;jpypUe;J jk; i k tpLtpj; J f; nfhz; L vjw;fhfg; ghLgl;lhH? ehl;L tpLjiy 342. _____ KjypatHfNshL el;Gf; nfhz;L ngz;zbikf;F vjpuhf mk;G[j;jk;khs; Fuy; nfhLj;jhH it. K. Nfhijehafp mk;khs;> Uf;Fkzp yl;Rkpgjp 343. mk;G[j;jk;khs; ahUila ghliyg; ghb tpLjiy czHit Cl;b Mq; f pNya muRf; F vjpuhfr; nray;gl;lhH? kfhftp ghujpahupd; ghly; 344. me;epaj;Jzpfs; tpw;Fk; filf;Fk; Kd;ghf kwpay; Nghuhl;lk; epfo;jj ; p ajhy; mk;G[j;jk;khs; vr;rpiwapy; milf;fg;gl;lhH? NtY}Hr; rpiwapy;

345. fhe;jpabfshy; jj;njLf;fg;gl;l kfs; vd; W ahH nry; y khf miof;fg;gl;lhH? mk; G [j; j k; k hs; 346. mk;G[j;jk;khs; epWtpa njhz;L epWtdj;jpd; ngaH vd;d rPdpthr fhe;jp epiyak; 347. 1964 Mk; Mz;L mk;G[j;jk;khs; ngw;w tpUJ ahJ jhkiuj;jpU (gj;k=) 348. mk;G[j;jk;khs; jk; vOgjhz;L epidthf ve; j mupa E}iy vOjpAs;shH ehd; fz;l ghujk;

Jizg; g hlk; kuj;jpd; Ntz;LNfhs;

349. XH Vf;fH gug;gstpy; tsHe;Js;s kuq;fs; gjpndl;Lg; NgHfSf;F XH Mz; b w; F j; Njitahd capH fhw;iwf; fpilf;fr; nra;fpd;wd. njhifepiyj; njhlHfs; 350. nrhw; f s; ,uz; L Kjyhfj; njhlHe;J te;J nghUs; jUtJ _____ vdg;gLk;. njhlH 351. nrhw;fs; njhluhFk; NghJ ,U nrhw;fSf;F ,ilNa Ntw;Wik tpid> ctik Kjypatw;Ws; VNjDk; xd;W kiwe;J tUk;. ,q;qdk; cUGfs; kiwe;J tUk; njhlHfisj; _____ vd;gH. njhifepiyj; n jhlHfs;

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www.kalvisolai.com 352. fay;> tpop ,t;tpU nrhw;fSf;F ,ilNa Nghd;w vd;Dk; ctk cUG kiwe; J te; J s; s jhy; ,jid _____ vdf;$WtH. ctikj; njhif 353. njhifepiyj; n jhlH vj; j id tifg;gLk;? MW 354. njhifepiyj; njhlupd; tiffisf; $Wf 1. Ntw;Wikj;njhif 2. tpidj;njhif 3. gz;Gj;njhif 4. ctikj;njhif 5. ck;ikj;njhif 6. md; n khopj; n jhif 355. “fz;zid ,uhkd; ghHj;jhd;” vd;Dk; njhlupy; “I” vd;Dk; cUG ahH> ahiug; ghHj;jhd; vdg; ngaiu NtWgLj; j pf; fhl; L k; cWg;Gf;F vd;Wg; ngaH. Ntw; W ik 356. ngaHg; nghUis NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Lk; cUig ____ vd;fpNwhk;. Ntw;Wik cUG 357. Ntw;Wikfs; vj;jid tifg;gLk;? vl; L 358. Kjy; Ntw; W ikf; F k; vl; l hk; Ntw;Wikf;Fk; _____ ,y;iy cUG 359. vj;jid cUGfs; cs;sd 6> I> My;> F> ,d;> mJ> fz;> 360. ,uz;lhk; Ntw;Wik cUG Kjy; Vohk; Ntw; W ik cUG tiu

361. 362.

363.

364.

365.

366.

367.

cs;stw;Ws; VNjDk; xd;W _____ Mf tUk;. Ntw;Wik cUG ,U nrhw;fSf;fpilNa Ntw;Wik cUG vd;fpNwhk;. kiwe;J tUtij Ntw; W ikj; n jhif “ghy; gUfpdhd;” ,jpy; “I” vd;Dk; cUG kiwe; J s; s jhy; ,ij _____ vdf; $WtH ,uz;lhk; Ntw;Wikj;njhif “jiy tzq;fpdhd;.” ,jpy; My; vd;Dk; cUG kiwe;Js;s jhy; ,ij _____ vd;gH. %d;whk; Ntw;Wikj;njhif “NtYf;F kfd;” ,jpy; “F” vd;Dk; cUG kiwe; J s; s jhy; ,ij _____ vd;gH. ehd; f hk; Ntw; W ikj; n jhif “Cu; ePq;fpdhd;” ,jpy; “,d;” vd;Dk; cUG kiwe;Js;sjhy; ,ij _____ vd;gH. Ie;jhk; Ntw;Wikj;njhif “nrq;Fl;Ltd; rl;il” ,jpy; “mJ” vd;Dk; cUG kiwe;Js;s jhy; ,ij _____ vd;gH. Mwhk; Ntw;Wikj;njhif Fifg;Gyp ,jpy; fz; vd;Dk; cUG kiwe; J s; s jhy; ,ij _____ vd;gH. Vohk; Ntw;Wikj;njhif

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www.kalvisolai.com 368. fhyq; f hl; L k; ,ilepiyAk; nganur;r tpFjpAk; kiwe;J tUk; nganur;rk; _____ vdg;gLk;. tpidj; n jhif 369. nrk;nkhop vd;Dk; njhlH _____ gz; G j; n jhif 370. fay;tpop vd;gJ _____ ctikj; n jhif 371. ky;ypif vd;gJ rpwg;Gg; ngaH> G+ vd;gJ nghJg;ngaH ,uz;Lf;Fk; ,ilapy; Mfpa vd;Dk; gz;G cUG kiwe;J te;Js;sjhy; ,J _____ vdg;gLk;. ,Unganuhl;Lg; gz;Gj;njhif 372. xU ngaUf;F my;yJ xU nrhy;Yf;F ,ilapYk; ck; vd;Dk; ,ilr; nrhy; kiwe; J te; J nghUs; jUtjhy; mJ ____ vdg;gl;lJ. ck; i kj; n jhif 373. Ntw;Wik> tpid> gz;G> ctik ck; i k Mfpa njhifepiyj; njhlHfSf;Fg; Gwj;Nj my;yhj rpy nkhopfs; njhf; F epd; W nghUs; jUtJ _____ MFk; md; n khopj; n jhif 374. “gtstha; Ngrpdhs;” - ,j;njhlupd; njhif vd;d tpidj; n jhif 375. MLnfhb> gha;Gyp> miyfly; Mfpa njhlHfs; MFk;. tpidj; n jhif gapd; W te; j njhlHfs; 97


nkhopj;jpwd; gapw;rp

376. gpwnkhopr; nrhw;fSf;Nfw;w jkpo;r; nrhw;fis mwpNthk; rk];fpUjk; - jkpo; mfq;fhuk; - nrUf;F mjpH\;lk; - ew;NgW mgpg;gpuhak; - fUj;J mG+Htk; - GJik Muhjid - topghL Mde;jk; - kfpo;r;rp rgjk; - #Siu jpdrup - ehs;NjhWk; ijupak; - JzpT G+i[ - topghL cUJ - jkpo; gQ;rhaj;J - Ik;Nguhak; gjpy; - tpil gNy - ed;W Ngl;b - NeHfhzy; igrh - fhR mry; - Kjy; fr;Nrup - muq;fk; Fkh];jh - vOj;jH ifJ - jis F\p - kfpo;rr ; p NghHj;Jf;fprpak; - jkpo; mykhup - neLk;Ngio fpuhk;G - ,ytq;fk; rhtp - jpwTNfhy; rd;dy; - gyfzp Nk];jpup - jiyikj; njhopy;fs; mugp - jkpo; jfty; - nra;jp

9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com tf;fpy; - tof;FiuQH ghf;fp - epYit kf;fH - ,ilQ;ry; kh%y; - gioagb kpl;lha; - jPq;fl;b kuhj;jp - jkpo; fhfpjk; - jhs; fpy;yhb - nfhbNahd; mghz;lk; - tPzg ; opf;$w;W ml;ltiz- nghUl;Fwpg;Gg;gl;bay; Ngl;il - GwefH ghurPfk; - jkpo; [khf;fhsk; - tpupg;G [kPd; - epyGyk; khYkp - ehthNahl;b g[hH - filj;njU ikjhdk; - jpwe;jntspj;jply; Mq;fpyk; jkpo; iynrd;]; - cupkk; ,z;lHtpA+ - NeHfhzy; nf];l; `T]; - tpUe;jfk; vyh];bf; - nefpop Gdy; - tbFoyp gPNuh - ,Og;giw ml;y]; - epyg;glj; njhFg;G capy; - ,WjpKwp fTd;rpy; - kd;wk; uapy; - njhlH tz;b Ngdh - J}ty; ug;gH - Nja;g;gk;

,ay; Ie;J nra;As; - fhtbr;rpe;J

377. fhtbr;rpe;J ghliy ,aw;wpatH ahH mz; z hkiyahH 378. mz;zhkiyahH gpwe;j CH vJ jpUney;Ntyp khtl;lj;Jr; nrd; d pFsk; 379. mz;zhkiyahupd; ngw;NwhH ahH nrd;dtH - XTmk;khs; 380. mz;zhkiyahH ,aw;wpa E}y;fs; ahit fhtbr;rpe;J> tPiu me;jhjp> Nfhkjp me;jhjp> tPiug;gps;isj;jkpo; 381. mz;zhkiyahupd; fhyk; vJ 1861-1890 382. Fwpg;G J}j; J f; F b khtl; l k; Nfhtpy; gl;bf;F mUfpYs;s tskhd CH fOFkiy. ,q; F f; Nfht p y; nfhz;Ls;s KUfdpd; rpwg;ig vspa ,dpa ,irg;ghly;fshy; Nghw;wpg;ghlg; ngw;wJ ,e;E}y;. 383. nrhw;nghUs; 1. fyhgk; - Njhif 2. tpNtfd; - Qhdp 3. Nfhy - mofpa 4. ,ire;j - nghUj;jkhd 5. thtp - ngha;if 6. khNj - ngz;Nz

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www.kalvisolai.com tpf;fpuk Nrhod; cyh

384. tpf; f puk Nrhod; cyh- vd; w ghliy ,aw;wpatH ahH xl; l f; $ j; j H 385. xl;lf;$j;jupd; rpwg;Gg;ngaH ahJ? ftpr; r f; f utHj; j p 386. xl; l f; $ j; j H ,aw; w pa E}y; f s; vit? %tUyh> jf;fahfg;guzp> FNyhj;Jq;fd; gps;isj;jkpo;. 387. xl;lf;$j;jupd; fhyk; vJ gd; d puz; l hk; E}w; w hz; L 388. cyh vd;gJ _____ tiffSs; xd;W njhz;Z}w;whW rpw;wpyf;fpa 389. ahUila rpwg;Gfis vLj;Jf;$Wk; Nehf;fpy; ,t;tifr; rpw;wpyf;fpaq; fs; vOjg;gl;Ls;sd? ,iwtd; > kd; d d; > kf; f Ss; rpwe; N jhH. 390. “cyh” vd;gjw;Fg; nghUs; ahJ CHtyk; tUjy; 391. kfspupd; gUtq; f s; vj; j id tifg;gLk;? VO 392. kfspupd; VOtifg; gUtq;fs; ahit? Ngij> ngJk;ig> kq;if> kle; i j> mupit> njupit> Ngupsk; ngz;. 393. tpf;fpuk Nrhod; Kjw;FNyhj;Jq;f NrhoDf;F vj;jidahtJ kfd; MthH? ehd; f htJ kfd;

394. Fwpg; G tpf;fpuk Nrhodpd; gpwg;G: tpf;fpuk Nrhod; ,uz;lhk; FNyhj; Jq;fd; ,uz;lhk; ,uhruhrd; Mfpa %d;W kd;dHfspd; mitapYk; nry;thf;NfhL tpsq;fpatH MtH. 395. tpf;fpuk Nrhodpd; jha; ngaH vd;d? kJuhe; j fp 396. kJuhe;jfp ______ nfhz;l Nrho Guj;ijj; jiyefuhff; nfhz;L Ml;rp nra;jhH. fq; i f 397. k y u p d ; g U t q ; f s ; v j ; j i d tifg;gLk;? VO 398. kyupd; VOtifg; gUtq;fs; ahit? 1. mUk;G 2. nkhl;L 3. Kif 4. kyH 5. myH 6. tP 7. nrk;ky; 399. FlFkiyia ClWj;J miy NkhJk; fhtpupiaj; je;jtH ahH? fNtud; 400. NkU kiyapd; cr;rpapy; Gypf; nfhb ehl;b nghd;dpahfpa fhtpupapd; ,UfiufisAk; caHj;jpf; fl;batH ahH? Nrhod; fupfhyd;

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www.kalvisolai.com 401. ngha;ifahupd; fstop ehw;gJ ghlYf; F g; guprhfr; Nrukhd; fizf; f hy; ,Uk; n ghiwiar; rpiwtPL nra;j Nrhod; ahH? nrq; f zhd; 402. Nghupy; ngUikahf vz;zj;jf;f tpOg; G z; f s; njhz; Z }w; w hWk; ngw;wtd; ahH? Nrhod; tprahyad; 403. rptngUkhd; Mlyuruha;f; fhl;rp jUk; jpy;iyf;Fg; nghd;Nta;e;j Nrhod; ahH? Kjy; guhe;jfd; 404. gjpndl;Lr; rpwW ; }HfisAk; ifg;gw;wp kiyehL ntd;w Nrhod; ahH? Kjy; ,uhruhrd; 405. tlf;Nf gilnaLj;Jf; fq;ifAk; fpof;fpy; flhuKk; ntd;W iff;nfhz;L> NruH fg;gw;gil KOtijAk; mopj;j Nrhod; ahH? ,uhNre; j pud; 406. rhSf; f paHfspd; jiyefuhd fy;ahzGuj;jpd; kPJ gilnaLj;J Kk;Kiw Nghupl;L ntd;w Nrhod; ahH? ,uhrhjpuhrd; 407. nfhg; g j; J g; Nghupy; Mapuk; ahidfis ntd;w Nrhod; ahH? ,uhNre; j pud; 408. nrhw;nghUs; 1. FtL - kiy 2. nghd;dp - fhtpup 3. NfhJ - Fw;wk; 4. mutk; - ghk;G

nra;jp cUthFk; tuyhW

409. cyfpy; vq;Nfh xU %iyapy; eilngWk; rpwpa epfo;Tk; ______ MfpwJ. nra; j p 410. vjd; tsHr;rpapy; Vw;gl;Ls;s kpfg; ngupa Kd;Ndw;wj;jpd; tpisthf clDf;Fld; nra;jpfs; ntspaplg; gLfpd;wd? mwptpay; njhopy;El;g tsHr;rp 411. “Vd;! vd;d? vg;NghJ? vg;gb? vq;Nf? ahH? vDk; md;Gj; njhz;lH MWNgHfs; mwpar; nra; t hH nra;jpapid” vd;W ahH $wpAs;shH? mwpQH fpg;spq; 412. M W t p d h f ; f S f ; F k ; c u p a tpilfSk; ve;jg; gf;fj;jpy; ,lk; ngw Ntz;Lk;? nra;jpapd; Kfg;Gg; gf;fk; 413. nra; j pia ,dq; f z; l gpd; d H nra;jpahsH vjd; gzpapy; mYtyfq;fSf;Nfh ehs;NjhWk; nrd;W nra;jpfisj; jpul;Ltjw;Fg; ngaH vd;d? nra; j pf; f sk; 417. ve;nje;j nra;jpf;fsq;fSf;Fr; nra;jpahsHfs; ehs;NjhWk; nrd;W> cupatuplk; njhlHG nfhz; L nra;jpfisg; ngw;W tUtH? nra;jpfspd; %yq;fshf ,Uf;Fk; mikr;rfq;fs;> fhty; epiyaq;fs;> kUj;Jtkidfs;> ePjpkd;wq;fs;. 418. , y z ; l d ; i l k ; ] ; , j o p d ; nra;jpahsH ______ Nghupd; NghJ Neubahfg; NghH eilngWk; ,lj;jpw;Fr; nrd;W nra;jpfisj; jpul;bdhHfs;. ,e; j pa rP d g; N ghH 419. “,z;bad; vf;]g ; pu];” nra;jpahsH ______ rpiwr;rhiyapd; epiy gw;wp mwpa jhNd rpiwg;gl;Lr; nra;jpfisj; jpul;bj;je;J Gfo; ngw;whH. jpy; y papYs; s 420. vjidf; fhz nra;jpahsUf;Fj; jdp ,lk; xJf;fpapUg;gH? tpisahl;Lg; Nghl;bfs;> Gfo; ngw;w tprhuizfs;> rl;lkd;w eltbf;iffs;> khehLfs;> nghJf; $ l; l q; f s;

421. nra;jpahsHfs; vjidg; gbj;Jj; jhd; nra; j pahsH nra; j piaj; jpul;Lfpd;whHfs;? murpd; mwpf; i f> thzpff; FOf;fspd; ntspaPLfs;> epjpaikr; r upd; tuT nryTj; jpl; l q; f s; 422. nra;jpahsHfs; mwptpay; Ma;T KiwfisAk; mtw;iw vg;gbg; gad;gLj;JtJ vd;gijAk; mwpa cjTtJ vJ? Gs; s papay; 423. nghJkf;fspd; fUj;Jfis vjd; thapyhf elj;JthHfs;? $nwLg;G Ma;T 424. nra;jpfis vjd; %yk; ngwyhk;? cs; @ Hr; nra; j pahsH ntspA+Hr; nra; j pahsH rpwg; G r; nra; j pahsH MHtyHfs; muR mwpf;iffs; nra;jp epWtd;q;fs; 425. cynfq;Fk; elf;Fk; nra;jpfis clDf; F ld; vjd; thapyhfg; ngwyhk;? fk;gpapy;yhj; je;jp> njhiyNgrp> nry;Ngrp> njhiy mr;R njhiy efy;> thndhyp> njhiyf;fhl;rp fzpdp. 426. nra; j papd; gFjpfs; vj; j id tifg;gLk;? jiyg;Gr; nra;jp Kfg;Gr;nra;jp cly;gFjpr; nra;jp (%d;W)

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www.kalvisolai.com 427. ______> ______ vdg; gjpg;Gfs; gpupf; f g; g l; L tpbaw; f hiyapy; midtUf;Fk; fpilf;Fk; tifapy; nra;jpjj ; hs;fs; mr;rbf;fg;gLfpdw ; d. Kjy; gjpg;G> ,uz;lhk; gjpg;G 428. Fwpg; G ,jopay; fiyr;nrhw;fs; 1. Bulletin - rpwg;Gr; nra;jp ,jo; 2. Deadline - Fwpj;jfhyk; 3. Editorial - jiyaq;fk; 4. Fake News - ngha;r;nra;jp 5. Flash News - rpwg;Gr;nra;jp 6. Falio No - ,jo; vz; 7. Green Proof - jpUj;jg;glhj mr;Rg;gb 8. Layout - nra;jpj;jhs; tbtikg;G

njhfh epiyj; njhlH

429. xU njhlupy; ,Unrhw;fs; mike;J ,uz;bw;Fk; ,ilapy; nrhy;Nyh cUNgh kiwahJ nghUis czHj; J khdhy; > mJ ______ vdg;gLk;. njhfhepiyj; n jhlH 430. “fgpyd; te;jhd;” - ,jpy; “fgpyd;” vd; D k; vOthiaj; njhlHe; J “te; j hd; ” vd; D k; gadpiy te;Js;sjhy;> ,J ______ vd;gH. vOtha; j ; njhlH. 431. “fjputh! th”. ,J _____ njhluhFk;. tpspj; n jhlH 432. fz;Nld; rPijia - tpidKw;W Kjypy; te;J ngaiuj; njhlHt jhy; ,ij> ______ vd;gH. tpidKw; W j; n jhlH

434. tpOe;j kuk; - tpOe;j vd;Dk; vr;rtpid kuk; vd;Dk; ngaHr; nrhy;NyhL Kbtjhy; ,J _____ nganur; r j; n jhlH 435. te;JNghdhd; - ,jpy; “te;J” vd; D k; vr; r tpid “Nghdhd; ” vd;Dk; tpidKw;iwf; nfhz;L Kbe;Js;sjhy;> ,J _____ vd;gH. tpidnar; r j; njhlH 436. tPl;ilf;fl;bdhd; - ,j;njhlupy; ‘I’ vd; D k; Ntw; W ik cUG ntspg; g ilahf te; J s; s jhy; > ,ij ______ vd;gH. Ntw;Wikj; njhfhepiyj;njhlH 437. kw;nwhd;W - kw;W + xd;W ‘kw;W’ vd;Dk; ,ilr;nrhy;iy mLj;J ‘xd;W’ vd;Dk; nrhy; njhlHe;J te;Js;sjhy;> ,J ____ . ,ilr; n rhw; n whlH. 438. khKdptH - ,j;njhlupy; ‘kh’ vd;gJ cuprn ; rhy;> ,ijj; njhlHe;J ‘KdptH’ vd;Dk; nrhy; te;Js;s jhy;> ,J ______ . cupr; n rhw; n whlH. 439. tho;f tho;f tho;f - ,jpy; xNu nrhy; gyKiw mLf;fp te;Js;s jhy;> ,J ______ . mLf; F j; n jhlH. 440. njhfhepiy njhlupd; tiffs; vj;jid? xd; g J

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www.kalvisolai.com ,ul; i lf; f pstp mLf; F j; n jhlH

441. ‘ghk;G ghk;G’ - ,jidg; gpupj;jhy; nghUs; jUk;. vdNt ,J ______ MFk;. mLf; F j; n jhlH 442. ‘fyfy’ - ,jidg; gpupj; j hy; nghUs; juhJ. vdNt ,J ______ MFk;. ,ul; i lf; f pstp 443. cupa vOj;J tof;Fr; nrhw;fis mwpNthk; 1. Ngr;R tof;F vOj;J tof;F 1. NfhHj;J - Nfhj;J 2. Rtw;wpy; - Rtupy; 3. ehl;fs; - ehs;fs; 4. kdjpy; - kdj;jpy; 5. gjl;lk; - gjw;wk; 6. rpyT - nryT 7. mUfhikapy; - mUfpy; 2. gpio rup 1. XH khtl;lk; - xU khtl;lk; 2. xU mikr;rH - XH mikr;rH 3. mtuJ kfNdhL - mtUila kfNdhL 4. Nkw;fn ; fhz;lhH - Nkw;nfhz;lhH 5. me;j Rw;Wyh - me;jr; Rw;Wyh 6. fz;lij $wNt - fz;lijf;; $wNt 7. mtHjhd; - mtHjhk;

,ay; MW nra;As; gFjp - jpUke;jpuk;

444. ‘clk;ghH mopapd; capuhH moptH’ vd;w ghliy vOjpatH ahH? jpU%yH 445. j p U k e ; j p u k ; - v d ; w E } i y ,aw;wpatH ahH? jpU%yH 446. jpU%yupd; gpwe;j fhyk; vJ? Ie;jhk; E}w;whz;bd; Kw;gFjp 447. irtj; jpUKiwfspy; vj;jidah tJ jpUKiw ,J? gj;jhtJ jpUKiw 448. jpUke;jpuj;jpw;F ____ vd;Dk; NtW ngaUk; cz;L. jkpo; %thapuk; 449. jpUke;jpuk; vj;jid ghly;fisf; nfhz;lJ? %thapuk; 450. jpUke;jpug; ghly; %d;whk; je;jpuj;jpy; vj;jid ghly;fisf; nfhz;lJ? vOE}w;W ,Ugj;J ehd;F 451. ____vd;gJ ,e;E}ypd; Gfo; ngw;w njhluhFk;. xd;Nw Fyk; xUtNd Njtd; 452. nrhw; n ghUs; 1. jplk; - cWjp 2. nka;Q;Qhdk; - nka;awpT 3. cghak; - toptif 453. Fwpg; G %yd; vd;Dk; ngaH> “jpU” vd;Dk; ngauil ngw;W> mj;Jld; “mH” vd;Dk; kupahijg; gd;ikAk; ngw;W “jpU%yH” vd Mapw;W.

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www.kalvisolai.com Njk; g htzp

454. N j k ; g h t z p v d ; w g h l i y ,aw;wpatH ahH? tP u khKdptH 455. tPukhKdptupd; ,aw;ngaH vd;d? fhd;];lhz;bd; N[hrg; ng];fp 456. tPukhKdptupd; ngw;NwhH ngaH vd;d? nfhz;ly; Nghng];fp vyprngj; 457. eifnra; jd; i kapdk; ngoP ,j; j ha; ... vd; W njhlq; F k; ghliy vOjpatH ahH? tP u khKdptH 458. tPukhKdptH gpwe;j CH vJ ,j; j hyp ehl; b y; fh]; j pf; f psp Nahd; 459. tPukhKdptH mwpe;j nkhopfs; vit? ,j;jhypak;> ,yj;jd P >; fpNuf;fk; vgpNuak;> jkpo;> njYq;F> rkw; f pUjk; 460. tPukhKdptUf;Fj; jkpo;nkhopia fw;Wf; nfhLj;jtH ahH? kJiur; Rg;gpujPgf; ftpuhaH 461. tPukhKdptupd; rpwg;G ahJ? Kg;gjhk; tajpy; jkpofk; te;J jkpo; gapd;W fhg;gpak; gilj; j ik 462. tPukhKdptH ,aw;wpa E}y;fs; vit? QhNdhgNjrk;> gukhHj;j FUfij rJufuhjp> jpUf;fhtY}Hf; fyk;gfk;> njhd;D}y; tpsf;fk;.

463. tPukhKdptupd; fhyk; vJ? 1680-1747 464. Fwpg;G Njk;ghtzp = Njk;gh+mzp = thlhjkhiy@ Njd;+gh+mzp = Njd; Nghd;w ,dpa ghly;fshyhd khiy. ,e;E}y; ,NaR ngUkhdpd; tsHg; G j; je;ijahfpa #irag;giuj; jiytuhff; nfhz;L ghlg;gl;lJ. ,e;E}y; fpwpj;jtr; rkaj;jhupd; fiyf;fsQ;rpak; vd miof;fg; gLfpwJ. ,e;E}ypy; %d;W fhz;lq; fSk; Kg; g j; j hW glyq; f Sk; cs;sd@ ghly;fspd; vz;zpf;if %thapuj;J mWE}w;Wg; gjpide;J. ghlg; g Fjpapy; ,lk; n gw; W s; s ,g;ghly; kftUs; glyj;jpy; cs;sJ. 465. nrhw;nghUs; 1. eif - Gd;dif 2. Kif - nkhl;L 3. Nkdp - cly;

ehlff; f iy

466. cyfpy; NtW vk; n khopf; F k; ,y;yhj jdpr;rpwg;G ve;j nkhopf;F cs;sJ? jkpo; n khop 467. jkpon ; khop ___ vdr; rpwg;gpff ; g;gLk; ngUikAilaJ. Kj; j kpo; 468. jkpo; vj;jid tifg;gLk;? %d;W

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www.kalvisolai.com 469. %d;W tifahd jkpiof; $Wf? ,aw;wkpo;> ,irj;jkpo;> ehlfj; jkpo; 470. njhd; W njhl; L g; gbg; g bNa tsHr;rp mile;Js;s fiy vJ? ehlfk; 471. e h l f k ; v d ; D k ; n r h y ; i y g ; gpupj;njOJf. ehL + mfk; 472. ehl;bd; fle;j fhyj;ijAk;> epfo; fhyj;ijAk;> tUq;fhyj;ijAk;> jd; mfj;Nj fhl;Ltjhy; _______ vdg; ngaH ngw;wJ vd;gH. ehlfk; 473. fijia> epfo;rr ; pia czHit ebj; J f; fhl; L tJk; > $j; j hf Mbf;fhl;LtJk; _______ vd;W ngaH. $j; J f; f iy 474. jkpopd; njhd; i kahd fiy tbtk; vJ? ehlfk; 475. ehlf muq;fk; ,Ue;j nra;jp ve;j Fws; topahf mwpa Kbe;jJ? ‘$j;jhl; litf;Fohj; jw;Nw’ 476. rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; ,sq;Nfhtbfs;> _____> _____ vd;W ehl;bakhLk; khjtpia Fwpg;gpLfpwhH. ehlfNkj; J k; > ehlff; f zpif 477. ‘ehl;bak;’> ‘ehlfk;’ ,z;bw;Fk; nghJthf ve;j nrhy;Ny tof;fpy; ,Ue;jJ? $j; J

478. ehlfj;jpw;Fk; ,yf;fzk; tFj;Js;sd? KWty;> rae;jk;> nrapw;wpak;> kjpthzH ehlfj; j kpo; E}y; > tpsf; f j; j hH $j; J > FzE}y; > $j; J E}y; . 479. ahH nra;As; tbtpy; ,aw;wpa jk; ehlftpay; vDk; E}ypy; ehlfk; mjd; tpsf;fk;> tiffs;> vOjg;gl Ntz;ba Kiwfs;> ebg;Gf;Fupa ,yf; f zk; > ebg; g tHfSf; F upa ,yf;fzk;> Nghd;wtw;iwf; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shH? gupjpkhw; f iyQH 480. R t h k p t p G y h d e ; j H v O j p a ehlfj;ijg; gw;wpa Muha;rr ; p E}y; vJ? kjq;f #shkzp 481. kiwkiyabfs; vOjpa ehlfj;ijg; gw;wpa Muha;r;rp E}y; vJ? rhFe; j yk; 482. ehlfj; j kpo; vd; w jk; E}ypy; njhopy; Kiw ehlf muq;Ffisg; gw;wpa nra;jpfis vOjpatH ahH? ehlfg; NguhrpupaH gk;ky; rk; g e; j dhH. 483. Vohk; E}w;whz;by; “kNfe;jputHk gy; y td; ” _____ vd; w ehlf E}iy vOjpAs;shH? kj;j tpyhrk;

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www.kalvisolai.com 484. gjpndhd;whk; E}w;whz;by; ahUila Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy; ,uhruhNrr;Rtu ehlfk; eilngw;wjhff; fy;ntl;L Fwpg;gpLfpwJ? ,uhruhr Nrhod; 485. ehaf; f kd; d Hfspd; Ml; r pf; fhyj;jpy; _______ Njhd;wpd. FwtQ; r p ehlfq; f s; 486. c o t H f s p d ; t h o ; f ; i f i a r ; rpj;jupj;Js;sit vit? gs;S ehlftif 487. n e h z ; b e h l f q ; f s ; v e ; j E}w;whz;bd; gpwg ; Fjpapy; Njhd;wpaJ gjpNdohk; E}w; w hz; L 488. CHfspy; ____ vd;Dk; ehlftif Guhzf; fijfisNa ikakhff; nfhz;L elj;jg;gl;ld. njUf; $ j; J 489. ve; j E}w; w hz; b y; mUzhryf; ftpuhaupd; ,uhk ehlfk;> Nfhghy fpUl; b d ghujpahupd; ee; j dhH rupj;jpuk; Mfpad fl;baq;fhud; ciuahly; f NshL KOtJk; ghly;fshf mike;jd gjpndl; l hk; E}w; w hz; L 490. gj;njhd;gjhk; E}w;whz;by; vjd; njhlHghd ehlfq;fs; rpwg;gplk; ngw;wd? rKjhar; rPHjpUj;jk; 491. “lk; g hr; r hup tpyhrk; ” - vd; w ehlfj;jpd; MrpupaH ahH? fhrp tpRtehjH

492. NguhrpupaH Re; j udhH “kNdhd; kzpak;” vd;Dk; ftpij ehlff; fhg;gpaj;ij ve;j Mz;by; ntspapl;lhH? fp.gp. 1891 Mk; Mz;L 493. “yhHl; ypl;ld;” vOjpa Mq;fpyf; fijapd; ngaH vd;d? kiwtop 494. _______ vd;w ehlfk; jkpo;ehl;by; Kjd; Kjyhf elj;jg;gl;l Njrpa rKjha ehlfkhFk;? fjupd; ntw;wp 495. fjupd; ntw; w p ehlfj; i jj; njhlHe;J ve;j ehlfq;fs; elj;jg;gl;ld? Njrpaf; n fhb> Njrgf; j p 496. ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;bd; njhlf;fj;jpy; ehlfj;Jiwf;Fg; ngUe;njhz;L Gupe;jtH ahH? rq; f ujhR Rthkpfs; 497. “rq;fujhR Rthkpfs;” vj;jid ehlfq;fis vOjpAs;shH? ehw;gJf;Fk; Nky; 498. ehlf cyfpy; “jkpo; ehlfj; je;ij” vd;W ahiu mioj;jdH? gk;ky; rk;ge;jdhH 499. “jkpo; ehlf kWkyHr;rpj; je;ij” vd; W ehlf cyfpy; ahiu mioj;jdH? fe; j rhkp 500. gk; k y; rk; g e; j dhH vj; j id ehlfq;fis vOjpAs;shH? njhz;Z}Wf;Fk; Nky;

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www.kalvisolai.com 501. kJiuapy; ve;j Mz;by; Gyikf; flyhd jkpo; %jhl;b xsitahH ehlfk; muq;NfwpaJ? 1942 Mk; Mz;L 502. ehlfk; KOtJk; xsitahuhf ebf;Fk; tha;gi ; gg; ngw;Wr; rpwe;j Kiwapy; ebj;jtH ahH? jp.f. rz;KfdhH 503. jp.f.rz;Kfdhiu _______ vd;W mioj;jdH. xsit rz; K fdhH 504. jd; k hd ,af; f k; tYtile; j fhyj;jpy; ahUila ehlfq;fs; gFj;jwpTg; gug;Giu nra;jd? mwpQH mz;zh> fiyQH fUzhepjp

MFngaH

505. xd; w d; ,aw; n gaH jd; i df; Fwpf;fhky;> jd;NdhL njhlHGila NtnwhU nghUSf;F Mfp te;jhy; mJ _______ vd;W ngaH. MFngaH 506. “k y ; y p i f # b d h s ; ” v d r ; nrhd;dhy; mq;F ky;ypif vd;gJ nfhbahfpa Kjw; n ghUisf; Fwpf;fhky; G+ vd;Dk; rpidiaf; Fwpj;J ; > rpidf;F (cWg;Gf;F) Mfp tUtjhy; ,J _______ vdg;gLk; KjyhF ngaH. 507. “KjyhF ngaUf;F” kw;nwhU ngaH vd;d? nghUshF ngaH 107


508. G+z;bapy; cs;s gs;spapy; gapd;w khztp Ngrpdhs; - ,j;njhlupy; “gs;sp” vd;Dk; ,lg;ngaH mg; gs;spapy; gapYk; khztpf;F Mfp te;Js;sjhy;> ,J _______ MFk;. ,lthF ngaH 509. ‘jprk;gH G+’ - ,j;njhlupy; jprk;gH vd;Dk; khjg;ngaH mk;khjj;jpy; G+f;Fk; G+tpw;F Mfp te;Js;sjhy; ,J _______ MFk;. fhythF ngaH 510. rpid vd;why; cWg;G> ntw;wpiy el; l hd; ,j; n jhlupy; cs; s ntw; w piy vd; g J rpidahfpa ,iyiaf; Fwpf; f hky; mjd; Kjy; nghUshfpa nfhbf;F Mfp te;Js;sjhy;> ,J _______ MFk;. rpidahFngaH 511. ‘nghq;fYf;F tPl;by; nts;is mbg;Nghk;’ ,j;njhlupy; nts;is vd;gJ epwg;gz;G. Mdhy; mJ epwj;ijf; Fwpff ; hky; Rz;zhk;igf; Fwpj;J te;Js;sjhy;> ,J _______ MFk;. gz; g hFngaH 512. gz;ghF ngaUf;F kw;nwhU ngaH vd;d? FzthFngaH 513. nghq;fy; vd;gJ nghq;Fjyhfpa njhopw;ngaH. ,it njhopiyf; Fwpf;fhky; mj;njhopyhy; MFk;. czitf; Fwpg; g jhy; ,it _______MFk;. njhopyhFngaH

9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com 514. MFngaH vj;jid tifg;gLk;? MW 515. MFngaupd; MW tiffis vOJf. 1. KjyhF ngaH 2. ,lthF ngaH 3. fhythFngaH 4. rpidahF ngaH 5. FzthF ngaH 6. njhopyhF ngaH

nkhopj;jpwd; gapw;r;rp

516. nrhw;nwhilfspy; mike;Js;s tOf;fis mwpNthk; murd; te;jJ (jpiztO) - murd; te;jhd; fgpyd; Ngrpdhs; ( ghy; tO) fgpyd; Ngrpdhd; Fapy;fs; $tpaJ (vz; tO) Fapy;fs; $tpd fkyh rpupj;jha; (,ltO) fkyh rpupj;jhs; tstd; New; W te; j pUf; f pwhs; (fhytO) tstd; New;W te;jhd;. Me;ij fj;jpaJ (kuGtO) Me;ij mywpaJ 517. fPo;f;fhZk; njhlHfspy; mike; Js;s tOf;fis ePf;fp vOJf. 1. GytH te;jhHfs; - GytH te;jhH 2. kapy; $t Fapy; mftpaJ kapy; mft Fapy; $tpaJ 3. jhkiu glk; tiue;jhd; - jhkiu glk; tiue;jhs;

4. ahidfs; te;jJ - ahidfs; te;jd 5. ngUkio nga;jikahy; kuq;fs; tPoe ; j ; J - ngUkio nga;jikahy; kuq;fs; tPoe ; j ; d 6. taypy; Ml;Lf;fd;W Nka;fpwJ - taypy; Ml;Lf;Fl;b Nka;fpwJ 7. gR Fl;b Nghl;lJ - gR fd;W Nghl;lJ 8. khl;il ,yhaj;jpy; fl;L khl;ilf; nfhl;lifapy; fl;L 9. ntw;wpiyj; Njhg;Gf;Fr; nrd;W ntw;wpiy gwpjJ ; th - ntw;wpiyj; Njhl;lj;jpw;Fr; nrd;W ntw;wpiy gwpj;J th 10. ahid Koq;Fk; - ahid gpspWk; 518. nghUj; J f 1. rpq;fk; fidj;jJ - vz;tO 2. fz;zd; gbj;jhs; - fhytO 3. ,d;W tUthd; - jpiz tO 4. fgpyd; NgrpaJ - kuG tO 5. gwitfs; gwe;jJ - ghy; tO tpilfs;: 1. kuG tO 2. ghy; tO 3. fhytO 4. jpiz tO 5. vz;tO

,ay; VO nra;As; gFjp jpUf; F ws; gz; G ilik

519. nrhw; n ghUs; 1. tof;F - ed;ndwp 2. Md;w - caHe;j

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www.kalvisolai.com 3. ead; - NeHik 4. ed;wp - cjtp 5. eifAs;Sk; - tpisahl;lhfTk; 6. ghlwpthH - newpAilahH 7. kha;tJ - moptJ 8. muk; - thisf; $Hikahf;Fk; fUtp 9. ez;G - el;G 10. eak; ,y - jPqF ; > ,dpikaw;w 11. fil - gOJ 12. efy;ty;yH - rpupj;J kfpo;gtH 13. khapU Qhyk; - kpfg;ngupa cyfk; 14. jpupe;jw;W - jpuptJ Nghd;wJ

jpUtUl; g h

520. ‘jpUtUl;gh’ - vd;w E}iy ,aw;wp atH ahH? ,uhkypq; f mbfshH 521. ,uhkypq;f mbfshupd; ngw;NwhH ahH? ,uhikah - rpd;dk;ik 522. ,uhkypq;f mbfshH gpwe;j CH vJ? rpjk;guj;Jf;F mUfpYs;s ‘kUJ}H’ 523. ,uhkypq;f mbfshupd; rpwg;Gg; ngaHfs; vd;d? jpUtUl;gpufhr ts;syhH> ts; s yhH 524. thba gapiuf; fz;l Nghnjy;yhk; thbNdd; grpapdhy; ... vdj; njhlq;Fk; jpUtUl;gh ghliy vOjpatH. ,uhkypq; f mbfshH

109


525. ,uhkypq; f mbfshH ,aw; w pa E}y;fs; ahit? jpUtUl;gh> rPtfhUz;a xOf;fk;> kDKiw fz;l thrfk; Kjypad 526. tlY}upy; rkur Rj;j rd;khHf;f rq;fk;> rj;jpa Qhdrig> rj;jpa jUkr;rhiy Mfpatw;iw epWtpatH ahH? ,uhkypq; f H 527. ,uhkypq;f mbfshupd; fhyk; vJ? 1823 -1874 528. jpUtUl;gh gpupj;J vOJf. jpU+mUs; +gh 529. ‘,iwtd; jpUtUisg; ngWt jw;fhfg; ghba ghly;’ vd;Wk; ,iwtdpd; jpUtUshy; ghba ghly; vd;Wk; vg;ghliyf; Fwpf;fpNwhk;? jpUtUl; g h 530. jpUtUl;ghtpy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s ghly;fspd; vz;zpf;if vj;jid? Iahapuj;J vz;Z}w;Wg; gjpndl; L g; ghly; 531. nrhw;nghUs; 1. grpawhJ - grpj;JaH ePq;fhJ 2. maHe;j - fisg;Gw;w 3. ePba - jPuhj

jkpoH thdpay;

532. goe;jkpoHfs; ifahz;l mwptpay; EZf;fq;fis vjd; %yk; mwpayhk;? njhy;fhg;gpak;> rq;f ,yf;fpaq; fs;> jpUf;Fws;> rpyg;gjpfhuk;>

9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com kzpNkfiy> rP t frpe; j hkzp> fk; g uhkhazk; > jpUke; j puk; > jpUthrfk; 534. jkpoupd; mwptpay; rpe;jidapy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ vijg; gw;wpa mwpthFk;? thdpay; 535. cyfpy; Njhd;wpa gy;NtW mwptpay; fy;tpfspy; kpfj; njhd;ikahdJ> gioikahdJ vJ? thdpay; fy;tp 536. cyfk; Ik;G+jq;fshfpa epyk;> ePH> ntg;gk;> fhw;W> thdk; Mfpa Ie;Jk; cs;slf;fpaJ _______ vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ? njhy; f hg; g pak; 537. Fwpg;G epyk; ePH jP tsp tpRk;NghL Ie;Jk; fye;j kaf;fk; Mjypd;.... (njhy;fhg;gpak; nghUs;. 635) kz;jpzpe;j epyDk; epyd; Ve;jpa tpRk;Gk; tpRk;G ijtU tspAk; tspj;jiy ,a jPAk; jP Kuzpa ePUk; vd;whq;F Ik;ngUk; G+jj;J ,aw;if Nghy;.... (Gwk;> 2) 538. cyfk; jl;il ,y;iy cUz;il ahdJ vd;W ahH fz;lwpe;jhH? Nghye;J ehl;ilr; rhHe;j ‘epf; N fhy]; f puhg; ] ;’ 539. epfN; fhy];fpuhg;]; - vd;gtH cyfk; jl;il ,y;iy cUz;ilahdJ vd;W ve;j Mz;by; fz;lwpe;jhH? gjpide;jhk; E}w;whz;L

540. cyfk; cUz;ilahdJ vd;gij ahH njhiyNehf;fpahy; fz;L gpbj;Jr; nrhd;d gpwFjhd; kf;fs; Vw;Wf; nfhz;ldH? gjpdhwhk; E}w;whz;by; tho;e;j fypypNah 541. Nkiy ehl;bdH cyfk; cUz;il ahdJ vd;W fz;lwptjw;F Kd;Ng jpUts;StH fz;lwpe;J mjw;F FwSk; vOjpAs;shH me;jf; Fws; ahit? ‘Rod; W k; VHg; g pd; d J cyfk; mjdhy; coe;Jk; coNt jiy’ - Fws;> 103 542. thdntspapy; kpfg;ngupa tPzk ; d P ; _______ MFk;. QhapW 543. rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; ,sq;Nfhtbfs; _______ v d ; W Q h a p w ; i w g ; Nghw;wpAs;sJ. QhapW Nghw;Wjy; QhapW Nghw; W jy; 544. Qhapwi ; wr; Rw;wpa ghijia _____ vd;W goe;jkpoH $wpAs;shH. QhapW tl;lk; 545. nrQ;QhapwW ; r; nryTk; mQ;QhapwW ; g; gupg;Gk; gupg;Gr; #o;ej ; kz;byKk; ,it ve;j E}ypd; tupfs;? Gwk;> 30 546. jhNd xsptplf;$ba Qhapw;iw _______ vd;W gz;ilj; jkpoH Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sdH. ehs; k P d ;

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www.kalvisolai.com 547. Qhapw;wplkpUe;J xspngw;W xsp tplf;$batw;iw _______ vd;W gz;ilj; jkpoH Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sdH. Nfhs; k P d ; 548. k h j H K f k ; N g h y ; x s p t p l ty;iyNay; fhjiy thop kjp. - Fws; 118 ,f; F ws; vf; f Uj; i j ntspg; gLj;JfpwJ? jpq;fs; jhNd xsptpRtjpy;iy vd; W thdpay; cz; i kiaj; jpUf; F ws; ntspg; g Lj; J fpwJ. 545. jpq;fisg; ghk;G nfhz;lw;W (Fws; 1146) vd; D k; Fws; njhlH vijg; gw;wpajhFk; jpq;fs; kiwg;G (re;jpufpufzk;) 546. nrt;tha;f; Nfhs; ve;epwj;ijf; nfhz;lJ nre; e pwk; 547. nts; s pf; N fhspy; nts; s pj; j hJ ,Ug;gij mwptpay; Ma;T Gyg; g Lj; j p> nts; s papd; epwk; _______ vd;W mwptpj;Js;sd. ntz;ik epwk; 548. QhapW cjaj;jpwF ; Kd;Ng nts;sp vOe;J tpbaiy czHj;Jtjhy; ,jid _______ vd;wdH. tpbnts; s p 549. Gjpjhff; fz;lwpe;j Nfhs; _______ vd toq;fg;gl;lJ? Gjd;

550. Gjd;Nfhisg; Gjpjhff; fz;lwpe;j jhy; ,jw;F kw;nwhU ngaH cz;L. mJ vd;d? mwptd; 551. ‘tpah’ vd;gjd; nghUs; vd;d? ngupa> epiwe; j 552. thdpy; ngupa Nfhshf tyk; t U t i j N a _______ v d ; W miof;fpd;wdH. tpahod; 553. rdpf;Nfhisf; ___ vd;wiof;fg;gL fpwhHfs;. fhupf; N fhs; 554. fhupf; N fhspy; vJ ,Ug; g jhf ,d;iwa mwptpay; Ma;T $WfpwJ fe; j fk; 555. J}kNfJit _______ vd; W k; $WtH. thy; e l; r j; j puk; 556. ‘tytd; Vth thdT+Hjp’ - ,J ve;j E}ypy; cs;s tupfs;? Gwk;> 27:8 557. thD}Hjp Xl;Lfpwtidj; jkpopy; _______ vd miof;fpwhHfs;. tytd;

fyPypNah fypyp

558. ‘fyPypNah’ ve;j Mz;by; gpwe;jhH? 1564 Mk; Mz; L gpg; u tup15 jpq;fs; fpoik 559. fypypNahtpd; je;ij ngaH vd;d tpd; n rd; N rhfyP t p

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www.kalvisolai.com 560. fypypNah jk; ,sikf; fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;J vjd; kPJ kpFe;j MHtk; cilatuha; tpsq;fpdhH? ,aw;if mwptpay; 561. fbfhuj;jpd; ngz;Lyj;ij. Criy (Cry;tpjp) mikj;J Neuj;ijf; fzf;fpLk; Kiwiaf; fz;lwpej ; tH ahH? fypypNah fypyp 562. igrh efug; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; kUj;Jtj;Jiwapy; fypypNahtpd; Kjw; fz;Lgpbg;G ahJ? Cry; tpjp 563. fypypNah jk;Kila ,Ugj;ije;jhk; mfitapNyNa igrhefug; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; _______ Mfg; gzpakHj;jg;gl;lhH fzpjg; NguhrpupaH 564. ve;j Mz;by; fypypNah fzpj tpupTiuahsuhfg; gzpahw;wpdhH? 1592 Mk; Mz;L 565. ve;jg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; fzpj tpupTiuahsuhff; fypypNah gzpahw;wpdhH? gJth gy;fiyf;fofk; 566. fypypNah vjw;F mstpia Kjd; Kjyhf cUthf;fpdhH? fhw;W> ntg;gk; 567. fypypNahtpw;F Kd;G thdpay; gw;wpa nfhs;iffis ntspapl;ltH ahH? mup]; l hby; 568. _______vd;w thdpayhsUk; epyk; mz;lj;jpd; ikag;gFjp vd;Wk; 112


569.

570.

571. 572.

573.

574. 575. 576.

m/J mirahjJ epiyahdJ vd;Wk; $wpdhH. jhykp vd;w thdpayhsH #upaidf; Rw;wpa Gtp efHfpwJ vd;gJ ve;j thdpay; mwpQupd; nfhs;ifahFk;? thdpay; mwpQH NfhgHepfrpd; ve;j Mz;by; njhiy Nehf;fpia mikj;J tpz;ntspia Ma;T nra;jhH? 1610 Mk; Mz;L _______ vd;gJ gyNfhb tpz;kd P ; fspd; njhFjp vd;W nka;gg ; pj;jhH ghy; tPjp epyhtpd; Nkw;gug;G vJ epiwe;Js;s jhf fypypNah njhiyNehf;fp %yk; fz;lwpe;J $wpdhH? fuLKulhdJ> kiyfSk; gs;sj;jhf;FfSk; epiwe;Js;sJ ve;j mwpQH mz;lj;jpd; ikak; G+kpad;W> #upaNd vd;Wk; #upaidg; G+kpAk; gpw Nfhs; f Sk; Rw; w p tUfpwJ vd;Wk; $wpatH? mwpQH NfhgHepfR tpahod; Nfhis vj;jid rpW Nfhs;fs; Rw;wp tUfpd;wd? ehd; F fypypNahit ve;j Mz;by; tPlL ; r; rpiw itj;jdH? 1616 Mk; Mz;L fp.gp. 1632 ,y; cyfj; j pd; Kjd;ikahd ,U Kiwikfisg; gw;wpa ciuahly; vd;w E}iy vOjpatH ahH? fypypNah

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www.kalvisolai.com 577. Gjpa mwptpaiyr; rhHe;j ,U ciuahly; vd;w E}iyf; fypypNah ve;j Mz;L vOjp ntspapl;lhH? fp.gp.1638 Mk; Mz;L 587. fypypNah E}y;fisf; nfhz;L ahH jk;Kila nfhs;iffis cUthf;fpdhH? Irf; epA+l;ld; 588. fypypNah ve;j Mz;L ,t;Tyf tho;it ePj;jhH? fp.gp.1642 Mk; Mz;L> rdtup jpq;fs; fpoik

Ntw; W ik

589. “KUfd; te;jhd;” - ,j;njhlupy; KUfd; vd;gJ vd;d? vOtha; 590. “KUfidg; ghHj;jhd;” - ,j;njhlupy; KUfd; vd;gJ vd;d? nrag; g LnghUs; 591. “KUfdhy; tiuag;gl;lJ” - ,j; njhlupy; KUfd; vd;gJ vd;d? vOthiar; nrag;gLnghUshfTk; fUj;jhthfTk; NtWgl;Ls;sJ 592. ngaHfs; NtWgl; L te; j hy; _______ vdg;gLk;. Ntw; W ik 593. vOtha; tpidKw;W> ngaHr;nrhy;> tpidr;nrhy; Mfpatw;Ws; xd;iwg; gadpiyahff; nfhz;L Kbe;jhy; mJ _______ my;yJ _______ vdg;gLk;. vOtha;Ntw;Wik> Kjy; Ntw; W ik

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594. “KUNfrd; nrbia el;lhd;” ,j; njhlupy; KUNfrd; vd;gJ vOtha; nrb vd;gJ ngaHr;nrhy;. m/J ‘I’ vd; D k; cUig Vw; W r; nrag;gLnghUis czHj;Jtjhy; ,J _______ vdg;gLk; ,uz;lhk; Ntw;Wik 595. %d;whk; Ntw;Wik cUGfs; ahit My;> Md;> XL> xL 596. My;> Md;> cUGfs; _______ Mfpa ,UnghUs;fspYk; tUk;. fUtp> fUj;jh 597. fUtp vj;jid tifg;gLk;? ,uz; L 598. fUtpapd; tiffis $Wf? Kjw;fUtp> Jizf;fUtp 599. “fUj;jh” vj;jid tifg;gLk;? ,uz; L 600. fUj;jhtpd; tiffisf; $Wf? ,aw;Wjy; fUj;jh> VTjy; fUj;jh. 601. XH vOthapd; nraYld; gpwpnjhd;wdJ nraYk; cldpfo;tij _______ vd;gH. cldpfo; r ; r pg; nghUs; 602. ehd;fhk; Ntw;Wik cUG ahJ? ‘F’ 603. ‘F’- Tf;Fg; gjpyhf vit nrhy;YUG fshf tUk;? nghUl;L> epkpj;jk; 604. Ie;jhk; Ntw;Wik cUGfs; ahit? ,y;> ,d; 605. Ie;jhk; Ntw;Wikf;Fupa nrhy;YU Gfs; ahit? ,Ue;J> epd;W> tpl> fhl;bYk;

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www.kalvisolai.com 606. Mwhk; Ntw;Wik cUGfs; ahit? mJ> MJ> m 607. Mwhk; Ntw;Wikf;Fupa nrhy;YUGfs; ahit? cila 608. Vohk; Ntw;Wikf;Fupa cUGfs; ahit? fz;> fhy;> Nky;> fPNo> ,lk;> ,y; 609. vl;lhk; Ntw;Wik cUG vJ tpspNtw; W ik 610. glHf;ifg; ngaiu Kd;dpiyg; ngauhf;fp miof;f ve;j Ntw;Wik gad;gLfpwJ? tpspNtw; W ik 611. nghUj; J f 1. fhl;il mopj;jhd; - Mwhk; Ntw;Wikr; nrhy;YUG 2. Gtpiag; Nghd;wtd; - nghUl;L 3. $ypapd; nghUl;L Ntiy mopj;jy; 4. vd;Dila tPL - xj;jy; tpil 1. mopj;jy; 2. xj;jy; 3. nghUl;L 4. Mwhk; Ntw;Wikr; nrhy;YUG 612. nghUj;Jf 1. Kjy; Ntw;Wik - fpisapd; fz; fhf;if 2. %d;whk; Ntw;Wik - fy;tpapy; ngupatH fk;gH

3. Ie;jhk; Ntw;Wik - kuj;jhy; nra;jJ tpil 1. fy;tpapy; ngupatH fk;gH 2. kuj;jhy; nra;jJ 3. jpisapd; fz; fhf;if

,ay; vl;L nra;As;gFjp - tpy;ypghujk;

613. thd; ngw;w ejpfko;jhs; tzq;fg; ngw;Nwd; vd;w ghliy vOjpatH ahH? tpy; y pGj; J }uhH 614. tpy;ypghujk; ghliy vOjpatH ahH? tpy; y pGj; J }uhH 615. tpy;ypGj;J}uhupd; je;ij ngaH vd;d? tP u uhftH 616. tpy;ypGj;J}uhiu Mjupj;jtH ahH? tf; f ghifia Mz; l tugjp Ml; n fhz; l hd; 617. tpy;ypghujk; vj;jid gUtj;ijf; nfhz;lJ? gj; J g; g Utk; 618. tpy;ypghujk; vj;jid tpUj;jg; ghlyhy; MdJ ehyhapuj; J Ke; E }w; i wk; g J 619. tpy;ypghuj;jpy; vl;lhk; gUtk; ve;jg; gUtj;jpy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ? fd; d gUtk; 620. ‘thd;ngw;w ejp’ - vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ? fq; i fahW

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www.kalvisolai.com 621. ‘,Uepyk;’ - vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ? ngupa cyfk; 622. ‘Cd;’ - vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ? jir 623. nrhw;nghUs; $Wf 1. fsgk; - re;jdk; 2. Joha; myq;fy; - Jsrpkhiy 3. Gak; - Njhs; 4. ijte;J - njhl;Lj;jltp 5. gfop - mk;G 6. ehkk; - ngaH 624. tpy;ypGj;J}uhupd; fhyk; vJ? gjpdhd; f hk; E}w; w hz; L

ahH ftpQd;

625. ahH ftpQd; ghlypd; MrpupaH ahH? Kbaurd; 626. ftpQH Kbaurupd; ,aw; n gaH ahJ? JiuuhR 627. Kbaurupd; ngw;NwhH ngaH vd;d? Rg;guhaY - rPjhnyl;Rkp 628. Kbaurupd; gpwe;j CH vJ? Njdp khtl;lj;jpYs;s ngupaFsk; 629. KbaurH ,aw;wpa E}y;fs; ahit? G+q;nfhb> fhtpag;ghit> tPufhtpak; Kbaurd; ftpijfs; Kjypad. 630. Kbaurupd; gzp vd;d jkpohrpupaH> kP.R. caHepiyg; gs; s p> fhiuf; F b. 631. gwk;Gkiyapy; ele;j tpohtpy; ‘ftpauR’ vd;Dk; gl;lk; ve;j mbfshuhy; toq;fg;ngw;wJ? Fd;wf;Fb mbfs;

632. G+q;nfhb vd;Dk; fhtpaj;Jf;fhf ve; j Mz; b y; jkpof muR KbaurUf;Fg; gupR toq;fpaJ? 1966 Mk; Mz;L 633. Kbaurupd; fhyk; vJ 1920-1998 634. rpwg;G Kbaurd;> ghujpjhrd; guk;giuj; jiyKiwf; ftpQUs; %j;jtH. je;ij ngupahH NguwpQH mz;zh MfpNahuplk; neUq;fpg; gofpatH MtH. 635. nrhw;nghUs; 1. ifk;khW - gad; 2. khrw;w - Fw;wkw;w 3. Njl;il - jpul;ba nry;tk; 4. kPlr ; p - Nkd;ik 5. khs ePqf ;

NjtNeag; ghthzH

636. kd;dpg;G vd;gJ cUJr; nrhy;@ nghWj;Jf; nfhs;f vd;gJ jkpo;r; nrhy; vd;W tpsf;fpatH ahH? NjtNeag; g hthzH 637. jkpopd; njhd;ikia cyfwpar; nra;jtH ahH? fhy; L nty; 638. jdpj;jkpOf;F tpj;jpl;ltH ahH? gupjpkhw; f iyQH 639. NjtNeag; g hthzupd; ngw; N whH ngaH vd;d? QhdKj;J - gupG+uzk;

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www.kalvisolai.com 640. NjtNeag;ghthzH gpwe;j CH vJ? rq; f ud; N fhtpy; 641. N j t N e a g ; g h t h z H t h q ; f p a gl;lq;fs; vd;d? gz;bjH GytH> tpj;Jthd;> KJ fiyj;jkpo;> gp.X.vy;.> 642. NjtNeag;ghthzupd; fhyk; vd;d? 7.02.1902 - 15.01.1981 643. NjtNeag; g hthzupd; rpwg; G fs; vd;d? nre; j kpo; r ; nry; t H> nre; j kpo; QhapW> jkpo; g ; ngUq; f htyH vd 174 rpwg;Gg; ngaHfs; 644. Nfhtpy; f spy; jkpopy; topghL eilngWNtz;Lk; vd;Wk; gpwg;G ,wg; G j; njhlHghd rlq; F fs; ahTk; jkpopy; eilngwNtz;Lk; vd;Wk; ahH typAWj;jpdhH? NjtNeag; g hthzH 645. N j t N e a g ; g h t h z H v j ; j i d E}y;fisg; gilj;Js;shH? ehw;gj;J %d;W 646. NjtNeag;ghthziu ve;j Mz;L nrhw;gpwg;gpay; mfuKjypj;jpl;l ,af;Feuhfg; gzpakHj;jpdhHfs;? 08.05.1974 647. ‘kd;dpg;G’ ve;j nkhopr;nrhy;? cUJr; n rhy; 648. murpd; cjtpNahL vj; j id Ma;Tf; fl;Liufs; vOjpAs;shH? ,UE}w;Wf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l

649. NjtNeag;ghthzupd; ngaupy; ve;j Cupy; mz;zhrhiyapy; E}yfk; nray;gl;L tUfpwJ? nrd; i d 650. vt;T+upy; ghthzH Nfhl;lk; mtHjk; KO cUtr;rpiy> mtH ngaupy; E}yfk; Mfpait mikf; f g; gl;Ls;sJ? ,uhrghisaj;jpw;F mUfpYs;s Kwk; g py; 651. kJiuapy; 05.01.1981 - md; W eilngw;w cyfj;jkpo; khehl;by; ve;jj; jiyg;gpy; nrhw;nghopthw;wpdhH? khe;jd; Njhw;wKk; jkpoH kuGk;

GzHr;rp - ,ay;G> tpfhuk;

652. epiynkhopAk; tUnkhopAk; NrUk; NghJ vt;tpj khw;wKk; Vw;gl tpy;iynad;why; mJ _______ GzHr;rp MFk;. ,ay; G g; G zHr; r p 653. nghd;+tisay;=nghd; tisay; - ,izAk; ,Unrhw;fspy; Kjy; nrhy; _______ vdg;gLk;. epiynkhop 654. epiynkhopapd; ,Wjp vOj;Jg; Gs;spahf (nka;ahf) ,Ue;jhy; mij _______ vdf; $WtH nka; a P W 655. epiynkhopapd; ,Wjp vOj;J capH nka;ahf ,Ue;jhy; mit _____ vdr; nrhy;yg;gLk;. capuP W

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www.kalvisolai.com 656. tUnkhopapd; Kjy; vOj;J capH nka;ahf ,Ug;gpd; mij _______ vd miog;gH. nka; K jy; 657. tUnkhopapd; Kjy; vOj; J capuhf ,Ug;gpd; mij _______ vd miog;gH. capHKjy; 658. epiynkhopAk; tUnkhopAk; NrUk; NghJ khw;wq;fs; Vw;gLkhdhy; mjid _______ vd;gH. tpfhug; G zHr; r p 659. tpfhug;GzHr;rp vj;jid tifg;gLk;? %d; W 660. tpfhug;GzHr;rpapd; %d;W tiffis vOJf. 1. Njhd;wy; 2. nfLjy; 3. jpupjy; 661. ,ay;Gg;GzHr;rpf;F (v.fh) $Wf? thio+kuk; = thiokuk; 662. tpfhug;GzHr;rp (v.fh) jUf? thio + gok; = thiog;gok; 663. Njhd;wy; GzHr;rpf;F v.fh jUf? jpU + Fws; = jpUf;Fws; (f;) 664. nfLjy; GzHr;rpf;F v.fh jUf? kuk; + NtH = kuNtH (k;) 665. jpupjy; GzHr;rpf;F v.fh jUf? gy; + nghb = gw;nghb (w;) 666. GzHr;rp vj;jid tifg;gLk; mit ahit? ,uz;L- 1.,ay;G 2.tpfhuk;


667. ty;ypdk; kpFk; ,lq;fs;:1. m , vd;Dk; Rl;nlOj;Jfspd; gpd; ty;nyhw;W kpFk; (v.L) m + fdp = mf;fdp , + Gj;jfk; = ,g;Gj;jfk; 2. v vd;Dk; tpid vOj;jpd; gpd; ty;nyhw;W kpFk;. (v.L) v+nghUs; = vg;nghUs; 3. me; j > ,e; j vd; D k; Rl; L j; jpupGfspd; gpd; ty;nyhw;W kpFk;. (v.L) me;j+igad;=me;jg;igad; ,e;j+gs;sp = ,e;jg;gs;sp 4. mg; g b> ,g; g b> vg; g b vd; D k; nrhw;fspd; gpd; ty;nyhw;W kpFk;. (v.L) mg;gb+Nfs;=mg;gbf;Nfhs; ,g;gb+nra; = ,g;gbr;nra; vg;gb+ gbj;jhd; = vg;gbg;gbj;jhd; 5. mt;tif> ,t;tif> vt;tif vDk; nrhw;fspd; gpd; ty;nyhw;W kpFk;. (v.L) mt;tifg;Ngr;R 6. ,dp> jdp> kw;W> kw;w> kw;iw vDk; nrhw;fspd; gpd; ty;nyhw;W kpFk; (v.L) ,dpg;Ngrpdhd; 7. ,uz; l hk; Ntw; W ik> ehd; f hk; Ntw;Wik tpupapd; gpd; ty;nyhw;W kpFk;. (v.L) glj;ijg; ghHj;jhd; mtDf;Ff; nfhL 8. ,uz;lhk; Ntw;Wik cUGk; gaDk; cle;njhf;fj; njhifapd; gpd;Dk; ty;nyhw;W kpFk;. (v.L) japHf;Flk;

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10.

11.

12.

13.

%d;whk; Ntw;Wik cUGk; gaDk; cle;njhf;fj; njhifapd; gpd;Dk; ty;nyhw;W kpFk;. (v.L) gl;Lr;Nriy ehd;fhk; Ntw;Wikapy; m/wpizg; ngaHfspd; gpd;Dk; ty;nyhw;W kpFk;. (v.L) $ypj;njhopy; Ie;jhk; Ntw;Wik cUGk; gaDk; cld; njhf;fj; njhifapd; gpd;Dk; ty;nyhw;W kpFk;. (v.L) tpopg;Gdy; Vohk; Ntw;Wik cUGk; gaDk; cld; njhf;fj; njhifapd; gpd;Dk; ty;nyhw;W kpFk;. (v.L) ePHg;ghk;G Vohk; Ntw; W ikj; njhifapd; gpd;Dk; ty;nyhw;W kpFk;. (v.L) Fbg;gpwe;jhH

,ay; xd;gJ nra;As; gFjp - fk;guhkhazk;

668. fk;guhkhazk; ghliy vOjpatH ahH? fk; g H 669. fk;gH ve;j Cupy; gpwe;jhH? ehif khtl;lk; kapyhLJiwf;F mUfpYs; s NjuOe; J }H 670. fk;giu Mjupj;jtH ahH? rilag;g ts;sy; 671. rlNfhgue;jhjp> VnuOgJ rpiy naOgJ> ruRtjp me;jhjp> jpUf;if tof;fk; ,e;E}y;fis ,aw;wpatH ahH? fk; g H

672. fk;gupd; fhyk; vd;d? fp.gp.xd;gjhk; E}w;whz;L vd;Wk; gd;dpuz;lhk; E}w;whz;L vd;Wk; $WtH 673. fk; g H tlnkhopapy; thy; k P f p vOjpa ,uhkhazj;ijj; jOtpa ve;E}iy ,aw;wpdhH? jkpopy; fhg;gpak; 674. fk;gH ,aw;wpa fhg;gpa E}Yf;F _____vdg; ngaupl;lhH. ,uhkhtjhuk; 675. fij khe;jupd; tlnrhw; ngaHfisj; _____ jkpo;gg ; Lj;jpa ngUikf;Fup atH fk;gH. njhy; f hg; g pa newpg; g b 676. fk;guhkhazk; vj;jid fhz;lq; fisAilaJ? MW 677. MW fhz;lq;fisf; $Wf? 1.ghyfhz;lk;> 2. mNahj;j pah fhz;lk;> 3. Muzpa fhz;lk;> 4. fpl;fpe;jhfhz;lk;> 5.Re;jufhz;lk;> 6. Aj;jfhz;lk; 678. fk;guhkhazg; ghly; ve;j fhz;lj;J Mw;Wg;glyj;jpy; cs;sJ? ghyfhz; l k; 679. ve;j khepyj;jpy; ghAk; ruA ejpapd; tsk; fk;guhkhazj;jpy; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ? cj; j pugpuNjr khepyk; 680. jhJ- vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ? kfue; j k;

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www.kalvisolai.com 681. nrhw;nghUs; 1. NghJ - kyH 2. ngha;if - Fsk; 3. G+fk; - fKfk; (ghf;F kuk;)

tpOJk; NtUk;

682. tpOJk; NtUk; - ,g; g hliy ,aw;wpatH ahH? ghujpjhrd; 683. ghujpjhrupd; ,aw;ngaH vd;d? fdf Rg;Guj;jpdk; 684. ghujpjhrupd; ngw;NwhH ngaH vd;d? fdfrig - ,yf;Fkp 685. ghujpjhrd; gpwe;j CH vJ? GJr; N rup 686. ghujpjhrd; tho;ej ; fhyk; vJ 29.04.1891-21.04.1964 687. ghujpjhrupd; rpwg; G g; ngaHfs; vd;d? ghNte; j H> Gul; r pf; f tpQH 688. ahUld; nfhz; l neUq; f pa njhlHgpdhy; ghujpjhrd; vdj; jd; ngaiu mikj;Jf; nfhz;lhH? ghujpahH 689. J}yk; Nghy; tsH fpisf; F tpOJfs; J}d;fs; vd;w ghliy vOjpatH ahH? ghujpjhrd; 690. je; i j ngupahupd; gFj; j wpTr; rpe;jidfisg; ghujpjhrd; mtHfs; vt;tbtpy; je;jhH? ftpij

691. ghujpjhrd; ,aw; w pa E}y; f s; ahit? ghz;bad; gupR> FLk;g tpsf;F ,Uz; l tP L > mofpd; rpupg; G fz; z fp Gul; r pf; fhg; g pak; > FwpQ;rpj;jpl;Lj; jkpopaf;fk; 692. ,q;F ,lk;ngw;Ws;s ghly; _____ vd;Dk; E}ypy; ‘tpOJk; NtUk;’ vd;Dk; jiyg;gpd; fPo; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ? mofpd; rpupg;G 693. jpwy; - vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ typik 694. kwtH - vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ tP u H

fhl; L apupfs;

695. Ik;G+jq;fisf; $Wf? epyk;> ePH> jP> fhw;W> thdk; 696. I k ; G + j q ; f s p y ; _____, _____ ,Utifahd nghUs;fs; cs;sd. capUs;s> capuw;w 697. nka;apdhy; mwpAk; capH vj;jid mwpTfisf; nfhz;lJ? XuwpT 698. XuwpT nfhz;l capupdq;fSf;F v.fh jUf? Gy; kuk; Nghd;w jhtuq;fs; 699. n k a ; - f z ; - < u w p T n f h z ; l capupdq;fSf;F v.fh jUf? ej;ij> rq;F

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www.kalvisolai.com 700. nka;> tha;> %f;F> %twpT nfhz;l capupdq;fisf; $Wf? vWk;G> fiuahd;> ml;il 701. IawpT vd;gJ ve;nje;j mwpTfisf; nfhz;ljhFk;? nka;> tha;> %f;F> fz;> nrtp 702. IawpT nfhz;l capupdq;fSf;F v.fh jUf? tpyq;F> gwit 703. MwwpT nfhz;l capupdq;fSf;F v.fh jUf? kdpjH 704. MwwpT vd;gJ ve;nje;j mwpT fisf; nfhz;ljhFk;? nka;> tha;> %f;F> fz;> nrtp> kdk; 705. capupfspd; Mw;wYf;F mbg;gil ahf tpsq;Fgit vit? jhtuq; f s; 706. cyfpNyNa mjpf msT kio ngWk; ,lk; vJ? mrhkpy; kuq; f s; mlHe; J s; s “rpuGQ; r p” 707. mf;NlhgH Kjy; thuj;ij muR vt;thW nfhz;lhb tUfpwJ? tdtpyq; F thuk; 708 tdtpyq;F ghJfhg;Gr; rl;lk; ve;j Mz;L ,aw;wg;gl;lJ? 1972 Mk; Mz;L 709. tdtpyq; F g; ghJfhg; G r; r l; l k; vijj; jLf;fpwJ? tdtpyq;Ffis Ntl;ilahLjy;

710. ekJ ehl;by; vj;jid tdtpyq;F ghJfhg;G ,lq;fs; cs;sd? gjpNdO 711. ekJ ehl; b y; vj; j id Njrpa tdtpyq;Fg; G+q;fhf;fs; cs;sd? mWgj; j hW 712. ekJ ehl;by; vj;jid Gfyplq;fs; mike;Js;sd? Ke;E}w;W mWgj;njl;L 713. cyf tdtpyq;F ehs; vg;NghJ nfhz;lhlg;gLfpd;wd? mf;NlhgH> 4-Mk; ehs;

nrd; i d mUq; f hl; r pafk;

714. mUq;fhl;rpafk; vq;F mike;Js;sJ? nrd; i d> vOk; G +upy; 715. nrd;id> vOk;G+H mUq;fhl;rpafk; ve;j Mz;by; njhlq;fg;gl;lJ? fp.gp. 1851 Mk; Mz;L 716. mUq; f hl; r pafj; j py; vj; j id fhl;rpafq;fs; cs;sd gjpd; % d; W

GzHr;rp: capuPW clk;gLnka;> nka;aPW

717. capH ,jpy; m _____ MFk;. capH 165

clk; g Lnka;

720. epiynkhop ,J> vJ> vd; D k; nrhw;fspd; gpd; ty;ypdk; kpfhJ 121


11.

12.

723. 724. 725.

mJ + jhd; = mJjhd; md;W> ,d;W> vd;W vDk; nrhw;fSf;Fg; gpd; kpfhJ (v.L) md;W nfhLj;Njd;. mj; j id> ,j; j id> vj; j id vd;Dk; nrhw;fspd; gpd; ty;ypdk; kpfhJ. (v.L) vj; j id + nghUs; = vj;jidnghUs; gb vd;W KbAk; tpidnar;rk; cfutPwW ; tpidnar;rk; vjpHkiwg; nganur; r j; j pd; gpd; ty; y pdk; kpfhJ. (v.L) tUk;gb $wpdhs; gythz;L ,r;nrhy; gpupAk; Kiw _____ gy + Mz;L gid + Xiy - ,uz; b w; F k; ,ilapy;_____ Njhd;Wk;? a; , < I top at; T k; Vid capHtop tt;Tk; VKd; ,t;tpUikAk; capHtupd; clk;gL nka;nad; whFk; ,g;ghly; ve;j E}ypy; te;Js;sJ ed; D }y;

nka; a P w ; W g; G zHr; r p

726. E}y;+Mil - ,jpy; E}y; vd;gJ epiynkhop Mil vd;gJ tUnkhop vdNt epiynkhopapd; tlnkhop> ,e;J];jhdp 733. jpUg; g ze; j hspYk; > fhrpapYk FkuFUguH jk; ngauhy; vd;d epWtp cs;shH? klk; 734. gps;isj;jkpo; vj;jid tifg;gLk;? ,uz; L 735. ,Utifahd gps; i sj; j kpio vOJf 1. Mz;ghw;gps;isj;jkpo; 2. ngz;ghw;gps;isj;jkpo;

122


736. gpsi ; sj;jkpopy; vj;jid gUtq;fs; cs;sd? gj; J g; g Utk; 737. g j ; J g ; g U t q ; f s p y ; v j ; j i d gUtq; f s; ,Ughw; gps; i sj; jkpOf;Fk; nghJthdit MFk;? VO gUtq;fs; 738. VOtifahd gUtq;fisf; $Wf? fhg;G> nrq;fPiu> jhy; rg;ghzp Kj;jk; tUif> mk;Gyp 739. gj;Jg;gUtq;fspy; Mz;ghYf;Fupa ,Wjp %d;W gUtq;fis vOJf? rpw;wpy;> rpWgiw> rpWNjH 740. gj;Jg;gUtq;fspy; ngz;ghYf;Fupa ,Wjp %d;W gUtq;fis vOJf? mk;khid> foq;F (ePuhly;)> Cry; 741. Gs;spUf;F NtSupy; (itj;jR P tud; Nfhtpy;) vOe;jUspapUf;Fk; KUfg; ngUkhdpd; ngaH vd;d? Kj; J f; F khuRthkp 742. FkuFUguH ,aw; w pa E}y; f s; vit? fe;jH fypntz;gh> kJiu kPdhl;rp mk;ik gps;isj;jkpo;> kJiuf; fyk;gfk;> rfyfyhty;yp khiy> ePjpnewp tpsf;fk;. 743. FkuFUguH vt;T+upy; ,iwtdb NrHe;jhH? fhrp 744. FkuFUguupd; fhyk; vd;d? gjpNdohk; E}w; w hz; L 745. Fwpg;G ekf;Fg; ghlg;gFjpahf cs;s ghly; tUifg; gUtj;jpy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ. ,J E}ypd; MwhtJ gUtkhFk;.

9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com Foe;ijapd; gjpd;%d;whk; jpq;fspy; epfo; t J@ jsHeilapl; L tUk; Foe;ijapd; jpwg;Gfis vLj;Jf; $wp mUfpy; tUf tUf vd tha;Fspu kdq;Fspu miof;Fk; ghly;fisf; nfhz;ljha; ,g;gUtk; mike;Js;sJ. 746. ,iwtidNah ey; y hiuNah ghl;Lilj; jiytuhff; nfhz;L mtiuf; Foe;ijahff; fUjpg; ghlg;gLk; rpw;wpyf;fpa tif _____ gps; i sj; j kpo; 747. nrhw;nghUs; 1. kjp - mwpT 2. mKj fpuzk; - FspHr;rpahd xsp 3. cjak; - fjputd; 4. kJuk; - ,dpik 5. ewtk; - Njd; 6. fOtpa JfsH - Fw;wkw;wtH 7. ryjp - fly; 8. myF ,y; - mstpy;yhj 9. Gtdk; - cyfk; 10. kjiy - Foe;ij 11. gUjpGup - fjputd; topgl;l ,lk; (itj;jPRtud; Nfhtpy;)

,yf; f paj; j py; eifr; R it

748. eifr; R it Njhd; W tjw; f hd fhuzk; vd;dntd;W njhy;fhg;gpak; $WfpwJ? vs; s y; > ,dpik> mwpahik> klik

749. efy; t y; y H my; y hHf; F khapU Qhyk; gfYk;ghw; gl;ld; wpUs; ,J ve;E}ypd; tupfs;? Fws; 999 750. ek; clypy; _____, _____ Vw;gL tjw;Fk; ey;y eifr;Rit Jiz Gupfpd;wJ. FUjpXl;lk; $Ltjw;Fk;> %isapy; Gj; J zHr; r p 751. ,t;Tyfpy; eiff;fj; njupahj tHfis vd; d ntd; W fUjg; gLthHfs;? miukdpjHfs; 752. mQ;riy muf;f! ghHtpl; le;ju kile;jh dd;Nw ntQ;rpd thyp> kPshd;> thYk; Ngha; tPoe ; j ; jd;Nw.... ,t;tupfs; ve;E}ypy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sd? fk; g uhkhazk; 753. nraq;nfhz;lhH _____ ,UnghUs; jUkhW nrhw; f isg; ghl; b y; mikj;Jg; ghLtjpy; ty;ytH MtH ftpfhsNkfk; 754. ftp vd; g jw; F _____ vd; D k; nghUs;. Fuq; F ehq;fs; ftpuhrHfs; vd;W nrUf; F ld; $wpa GytHfspd; nrUf; i f mlf; F k; gb> ftp vd;gjw;Ff; Fuq;F vd;Dk; nghUs; Njhd;WkhW. thnyq;Nf? ePz;L vOe;j ty;Yfpnuq;Nf ehY fhnyq;Nf

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9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com Cd;tbj;j fz;nzq;Nf? rhyg; GtpuhaH Nghw; W k; GytHfhs; ! ePq;fs; ftpuhaH vd;wpUe;jf; fhy;. vDk; ghliy nraq;nfhz;lhH ghbdhH. 755. ,f; f hyf; ftpQHfs; jhq; f s; ifahSfpd; w vjidf; n fhz; L eifr;Ritia mOFw mikj;Jf; fhl;LfpwhHfs;? fw;gidfspYk;> ctikfspYk; 756. ftpQH ghujpjhrd; vjDila Njhif ePz;L ,Ug;gij eifr; Ritahf $wpdhH? kapy; ftpQH ghujpjhrd; kapypd; fOj;J ePz;L ,Ug;gij eifr;Ritahf tpsf;FfpwhH. mayhd; tPlb ; y; miwapy; elg;gij vl;bg; ghHf;fh jpUg;g jw;Nf ,aw;if ad;id ,g;ngz; fl;nfy;yhk; Fl;ilf; fOj;ijf; nfhLj;jhd;: fiwnahd; wpy;yhf; fyhg kapNy! cdf;Nfh epkHe;J epw;f ePs; fOj;J mspj;jhd;. 757. ehQ;rpy; ehl;Lf; ftpQH Njrpf tpehafdhupd; _____ xU eifr; Ritf; fsQ;rpak; vd;gH. kUkf;fs; top khd;kpak; gbf;fr; nrd;wtd; vijnay;yhk; gzak; itf; f pwhd; vd; g ij

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ehQ;rpy; ehl;Lf; ftpQH Njrpf tpehafdhH ghbAs;shH. Mik tilf; f ha; miuQhz; gzak; Nghspf; fhfg; Gj;jfk; gzak; rPilf; fhfr; rpNyl;L gzak; KWf;Ff; fhf Nkhjpuk; gzak; fhg;gpf; fhff; fLf;fd; gzak; $j;Jf; fhff; FilAk; gzak; 758. ‘Ks;S KidapNy %Z Fsk; ntl;bNdd;’ - vdj; njhlq;Fk; eifr;Rit czHT kpf;f ghly; vjpy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ? ehl; L g; G wg; g hly; 759. eifr;RitAzHT ,y;yhjtUf;Fg; gfYk; _____ Njhd;Wk; ,Usha;

ahg;G mzp

760. j k p o ; , y f ; f z k ; v j ; j i d tifg;gLk; Itifg; g Lk; 761. Ie;J tifahd jkpo; ,yf;fzj;ij vOJf? vOj;jpyf;fzk;> nrhy;ypyf;fzk;> nghUs; ,yf;fzk;> ahg;gpyf;fzk;> mzpapyf;fzk; 762. ‘ahg;G’ vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ? fl; L jy; 763. vYk;G jir euk;G Kjypatw;why; cly; fl;lg;gl;L ,Ug;gJ Nghyr; nra;ASf;F cupa cWg;Gfisr; nfhz;L ghliy cUthf;Ftij _____ vd;fpNwhk;.

9842649140

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764. 765.

766.

767. 768. 769. 770. 771. 772. 773.

ahg; G nra; A s; cWg; G fs; vj; j id tifg;gLk;? MW MW tifahd nra;As; cWg;Gfis vOJf? vOj;J> mir> rPH> jis> mb> njhil vOj; J mir rP H jis mb njhil ,e;j MWk; vjd; cWg;Gfs; MFk;? ahg; G XnuOj;J jdpj;Njh ,ize;Njh xypj;jhy; mJ _____ vdg;gLk;. mir mir vj;jid tifg;gLk;? ,uz; L ,U tifahd mirapd; tiffis tpsf;Ff. Neuir> epiuair mirfs; gy NrHe;J mike;jhy; mJ _____ vdg;gLk;. rP H rPHfs; xd;Wld; xd;W nghUe;j miktJ _____ vdg;gLk;. jis ,uz;L my;yJ gy rPHfs; NrHe;J miktJ _____ vdg;gLk;. mb mbfs; ,uz;L Kjypadthfj; njhlHe;J mLf;fpg; ghLtJ _____ vdg;gLk;. gh

774. g h - t p d ; t i f f s ; v j ; j i d tifg;gLk;? ehd; F 775. ehd;F tifahd gh tiffisf; $Wf? ntz;gh> Mrpupag;gh> tQ;rpg;gh> fypg; g h 776. vjid NtWgLj;jp mwptjw;fhf ehy; t ifg; ghf; f s; mikf; f g; gl;Ls;sd? Xireak; 777. M a p u j ; J K e ; E } w ; W K g ; g J jpUf; F wSk; ntz; g h MFk; . Mdhy; ,uz;lbfs; kl;Lk; tUtjhy; ,ijf; _____ vd miog;gH. Fws; ntz;gh 778. Fws;ntz;ghtpw;F v.fh jUf? Nfby; tpOr;nry;tk; fy;tp xUtw;F khly;y kw;iw ait 779. Fwpg;G fz; ,ikj;j yhybfs; fhrpdpapy; Njha;jyhy; tz; z kyHkhiy thLjyhy; vz;zp eWe;jh kiu tpUk;Gk; ed;DjNy md;dhs; mwpe;jhs; esd; jd;id Mq;F. -,g;ghly; Neupir ntz;gh MFk; ehlh nfhd;Nwh fhlh nfhd;Nwh mtyh nfhd;Nwh kpirah nfhd;Nwh vt;top ey;ytH MltH mt;top ey;iy thopa epyNd - ,g;ghly; fypg;gh MFk;. tisahL kyHr;Rid ePupdpil

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9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com tisahbif kq;ifa ud;d nkd tpisahLt NuhLtH $LtHgpd; tpisahLtH igq;fpsp NkTwNt! - ,g;ghly; tQ;rpg;gh MFk;.

mzpapyf; f zk;

780. mzp vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ? moF 781. GytHfs>; nghUsoFk; nrhy;yoFk; Njhd;wf; ftpijfis ,aw;wpf; fw;Nghiu kdq;Fspur; nra;Ak; ,yf;fzj;ij _____ vd;gH. mzpapyf; f zk; 782. mzpapyf; f zk; Fwpj; j jkpo; E}y;fs; ahJ? jz;bayq;fhuk; khwdyq;fhuk; 783. ctik ctNkak; ,uz; L k; jdpj; j dpahf vLj; J f; f hl; b ,ilapy; ctk cUG kiwAkhW mikf;fg;gl;bUe;jhy; mJ _____ mzp MFk;. vLj;Jf;fhl;L ctik mzp 784. ctkhdk; NtW ctNkak; NtW vdj; Njhd;whj tifapy; ctkhdj; jpd; ,ay;Gfis ctNkaj;jpd; Nky; Vw; w pf; $WtJ _____ mzpahFk;. cUtf mzp 785. kjpKfk; - cUtfkhf khWk;NghJ _____ vdtUk;. Kfkjp

126


1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

9 Mk; tFg;G ,ay; - xd;W nra;As; - tho;j;J

cyfk; ahitAk; jhKs thf;fYk; - vd;w tho;jJ ; g; ghliyg; ghbath; ahh;? fk; g h; nrhw;nghUs;:1. csthf;fy; - cz;lhf;Fjy;> (gilj;jy;) 2. epiyngWj;jy; - fhj;jy; 3. ePff ; y; - mopj;jy; 4. ePq;fyh - ,iltplhJ 5. myfpyh - mstw;w 6. md;dth; - mj;jifa ,iwth; 7. jiyth; - ,iwth; 8. ruz; - milf;fyk; ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;G:1 ahitAk; - ck; - Kw;Wk;ik: Mf;fy;> ePff ; y;> 2. tpisahl;L - njhopw; ngah;fs; 3. myfpyh tpisahl;L - Vu; vOgJ> rpiy vOgJ> ruRtjp

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6)

7)

8)

me; j hjp> rlNfhgh; me; j hjp> jpUf;if tof;fk; Mfpa E}y;fis ,aw;wpAs;shh;. ,th; FNyhj;Jq;fr; Nrhodpd; mitg;Gytuhf tpsq;fpdhh;. jpUntz;nza; ey;Y}h;r; rilag;g ts;syhy; Mjhpf;fg; ngw;whh;. ,th; ftpr;rf;futh;jj ; p vdTk; fy;tpapy; nghpah; fk;gh; vdTk; Nghw;wg; gLfpwhh; . ,thpd; fhyk; fp.gp gd; d puz; l hk; E}w; w hz; L vdf; $Wth;. E}w;Fwpg;G:tlnkhopapy; thd; k P f p Kdpth; vOjpa ,uhkhazj;ijr; jOtpj; jkpopy; fk;gh; vOjpaNj fk;guhkhazk;. fk;gh;> ,e;E}Yf;F ,uhkhtjhuk; vd;Nw ngahpl;lhh;. ,J ghyfhz;lk;> mNahj;jpah fhz;lk;> Muzpafhz;lk;> fplfpe;jh fhz;lk;> Re;ju fhz;lk;> Aj;jfhz;lk; vd MW fhz;lq;fis cilaJ. fk;guhkhazg; ghyfhz;lj;jpYs;s Kjw;ghly; tho;jJ ; g; ghlyhf ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ. nghUj;Jf:1. csthf;fy; - gilj;jy; 2. epiyngWj;jy; - fhj;jy; 3. ePff ; y; - mopj;jy; 4. jiyth; - ,iwth; epug;Gf:1. fy;tpapw; nghpah; _____ vd miof;fg; ngWgth;. fk; g h;

2. fk;guhkhazk; ______ fhz;lq;fis cilaJ. MW 3. fk; g h; gpwe; j Cu; ______ NjuOe; J }h;

9) 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

jpUf; F ws; nghiwAilik

gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; mfo;thh; = mfo; + t; + Mh; mfo; - gFjp t; - vjph;fhy ,ilepiy Mh; - gyh;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp kwj;jy; = kw + j;+ jy; kw - gFjp j; - re;jp jy; - njhopw;ngah; tpFjp itg;gh; = it + g; + g; + mh; it - gFjp g; - re;jp g; - vjph;fhy ,ilepiy mh; - gyh;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp xWj;jhh; = xW + j; + j; + Mh; xW - gFjp j; - re;jp j; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy Mh; - gyh;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp ,we;jhh; = ,w + j;(e;) + j; + Mh; ,w - gFjp j; - re;jp j; - e; MdJ tpfhuk; j; - ,we;j fhy ,ilepiy

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www.kalvisolai.com 10) nrhw;nghUs; :1. mfo;thiu - Njhz;Lgtiu 2. ,fo;thh; - ,opTgLj;JNthh; 3. jiy - rpwe;j gz;G 4. nghWj;jy; - nghWj;Jf; nfhs;Sjy; 5. ,wg; g pid - gpwh; nra; j Jd;gj;ij 6. ,d;ik - tWik 7. tpUe;J - tPl;Lf;Fg; Gjpatuha; te;jth; 8. xuhy; - jtph;j;jy; 9. klthh; - mwptpypfs; 10 epiw - rhy;G 11. xWj;jhiu - jz;bj;jtiu 12. xd;whf - xU nghUl;lhf 13. nghjpe;J itg;gh; - (kdj;Js;) itj;Jf; nfhs;th; 14. nghd;Wk; JizAk; - cyfk; cs;stiu 15. jpwdy;y - nra;aj;jfhj 16. Nehnehe; J - Jd; g j; j pw; F tUe;jp 17. kpFjpahd; - kdr;nrUf;fhy; 18. kpf;fit - jPik 19. jFjpahd; - nghWikahy; 20 Jwe;jhh; - gw;wpid tpl;lth; 21. ,we;jhh; - tuk;G fle;jth; 22. ,d;dh - jPa 23. Nehw;fpw;gth; - nghWg;gth; 24. Nehw;ghh; - Nehd;G Nkw;nfhs;gth; 25. ,d;dhr; nrhy; - jPa nrhy; 11) ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;G:1. cz;zhJ - tpidnar;rk; 2. nghWj;jy; - njhopw; ngah;

3. mfo;thh;> ,fo;thh; - tpidah yizAk; ngah; 4. kwj;jy;> nghWj;jy; - njhopw; ngah;fs; 5. ed;W - Fwpg;G tpidKw;W 6. tpUe;J - gz;ghF ngah; 7. xuhy;> nghiw - njhopw;ngah;fs; 8. ePqf ; hik - vjph;kiwj; njhopw; ngah; 9. Nghw;wp - tpidnar;rk; 10. nghjpe;J – tpidnar;rk; 11. xWj;jhh;> nghWj;jhh; tpidah yizAk; ngah;fs; 12. jw;gpwh; - Vohk; Ntw;Wikj; njhif 13. nra;apDk; - ,opTr; rpwg;Gk;ik 14. nehe;J - tpidnar;rk; 15. mwd;> jpwd; - Nehw;fpw;gth; - tpidahyizAk; ngah;fs; 19. ,d; d hr; n rhy; - jpUf;Fwspy; midj;J ehl;bdUk; ,dj;jpdUk; jkf;Nf chpanjdf; nfhz;lhLk; tifapy; nghJikf; fUj;Jfisg; gilj;jth;.

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www.kalvisolai.com ehadhh;> Njth;> Kjw;ghtyh;> nja;tg; Gyth;> ehd; Kfdhh;> khjhD gq;fp> nre;ehg; Nghjhh;> ngUehtyh; vd; D k; rpwg; G g; ngah; f Sk; ,tUf; F cz; L . ,thpd; fhyk; fp.K. 31 Mk; Mz;L vd mwpQh; $Wth;. 13) E}w; Fwpg;G:jpU + Fws; = jpUf;Fws;. jpU – nry;tk;> rpwg;G> moF> Nkd;ik> nja;tj;jd;ik vdg; gy nghUs; nfhz;l xU nrhy;. Fws; - FWfpa mb cilaJ. VO rP h ; f isf; nfhz; l nghUl;ghy;> ,d; g j; J g; g hy; vd Kg; n gUk; gphpTfshf tFf; f g; g l; L s; s J. mwk; 38 mjpfhuq; f shfTk; > nghUs; 70 mjpfhuq;fshfTk;> ,d; g k; 25 mjpfhuq; f shfTk; gFf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J> gjpndz; fP o ; f ; f zf; F E}y; f Ss; xd; W . ,e; E }iyg; Nghw; w pg; ghuhl; b a ghly;fspd; njhFg;G jpUts;St khiy. jpUf; F wSf; F me; e hspNyNa gjpd; k h; ciu vOjpAs; s dh; . mt;TiuAs;> ghpNkyofh; ciuNa rpwe;jJ vd;gh;. 14) tpf; N lhhpah kfhuhzpahh; fz; tpopj;jJk; Kjypy; gbj;j E}y; jpUf; F ws; 129


15) jpUf;FwSf;F ciunra;j gjpd;kh;: 1. jUkh;> 2. jhkj;jh;> 3. ghpjp> 4. jpUkiyah;> 5. ghpg;ngUkhs;> 6. kzf; F lth; > 7. er; r h; > 8. ghpNkyofh; > 9. ky; y h; > 10. fhspq; f h; . 16) nghUe;Jf:1. mwk; - Kg;gj;njl;L 2. nghUs; - vOgJ 3. ,d;gk; - ,Ugj;ije;J 17) vJifr; nrhw;fis vLj;njOjp mbf; NfhbLf:1. kpFjpahd; kpf;fit nra;jhiuj; jhk;jk; jFjpahd; ntd;W tply;. vJif: kpFjp> jFjp 2. mfo;thiuj; jhq;Fk; epyk;Nghyj; jk;ik ,fo;thh;g; nghWj;jy; jiy. vJif: mfo;> ,fo; 18) nghUs; NtWghL mwpf: 1. nghWj;jy; / nghUj;jy; nghWikaha; ,Uj;jy;> nghUe;jr; nra;jy; 2. ,wj;jy; / ,uj;jy; caph; tpLjy;> ahrpj;jy; 3. epiw / epiu rhy;G> thpir 4. tz;ik / td;ik ts;sy; jd;ik> typik 19) ,UnghUs; jUf:1. epiw _____> _____> rhy;G> vil 2. jiy _____> _____> rpuk>; Kjd;ik

9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com jpuhtpl nkhopfs; (ciueil)

20) jk; vz;zq;fisAk; fUj;Jfis Ak; gpwUf;F mwptpf;Fk; fUtpahf tpsq;FtJ vJ? nkhop 21) jdf;nfd jdpr;rpwg;Gk; gynkhop fs; Njhd;wp tsu mbg;gilahfTk; cs;s nkhop ve;j nkhop? %ynkhop 22) ,e;jpa nkhopf; FLk;gq;fs;:,e;jpahtpy; Ngrg;gLk; nkhopfs;> nkhopapay; mwpQh; vj; j id nkhopf; FLk;gq;fSs; mlf;Fth;? mit ahit? ehd;F nkhopf; FLk;gq;fs; 1. ,e;Njh - Mrpa nkhopfs; 2. jpuhtpl nkhopfs; 3. M];jpNuh - Mrpa nkhopfs; 4. rPd - jpngj;jpa nkhopfs; 23) ek; ehl;by; vj;jid nkhopfs; Ngrg;gLfpd;wd? Mapuj;J Ke;E}w;fF ; k; Nkw;gl;l nkhopfSk; mjd; fpis nkhopfSk; . 24) ,e; j pa ehl; i l> _____ vdf; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;? “nkhopfspd; fhl;rpr; rhiy” (Museum of Languages)

25) nkhopapay; Nguhrphpah; ahh;? r.mfj; j paypq; f k; 26) jpuhtpl nkhopfs; vj; j id cs;sd?

27)

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29)

30) 31)

,d;W ,Ugj;J %d;Wf;Fk; Nkw; g l; l nkhopfs; vj; j id tifahfg; gphpg;gh;? njd; jpuhtpl nkhopfs;> eLj; jpuhtpl nkhopfs;> tl jpuhtpl nkhopfs; %tifahfg; gphpg;gh;. ,e;jpahtpy; nkhj;jk; gd;dpuz;L nkhopf; FLk; g q; f s; cs; s d. mtw;Ws;> Ke;E}w;W ,Ugj;ije;J nkhopfs; Ngrg;gLtjhf ,e;jpa khdpltpay; fzf;nfLg;Gj; njhptpf;fpd;wJ. njd; jpuhtpl nkhopfs; jkpo;> kiyahsk;> fd;dlk;> FlF> JS> Njhlh> Nfhj;jh> nfhufh> ,Ush. eLj; j puhtpl nkhopfs; njYq;F> Nfhz;b> Nfhah> $ap> $tp> Nfhyhkp> gh; [ p>fjgh> Nfhz;lh>ehaf;fp> ngq;Nfh> [jG. tljpuhtpl nkhopfs; F&f;> khy;Njh>gpuhFa;. jkpo; > njYq; F > kiyahsk; > fd;dlk; Mfpa ehd;Fk; _____ nkhopfs;. jpuhtplg; ngUnkhopfs; cyfehLfspd; gioikahd ehfhpfq;fs; vJ? ,e;jpa ehfhpfk; ,e;jpa ehfhpfk; vd;gJ _____ gpwF epWtg;gl;Ls;sJ? nkhfQ;rjhNuh – mug;gh mfo; t ha; f ; F g;

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www.kalvisolai.com 32) _____ Mz; L fSf; F Kd; d Nu gue;J tphpe;jpUe;j ,e;jpa ehfhpfk; cyf ehfhpfq;fs; midj;jpw;Fk; jhahfTk; topfhl;bahfTk; tpsq;fpapUf;fpwJ. fp.K. 3000 Mz;Lfs; 33) ,e;jpah KOtJk; gue;J tphpej ; pUe;j gok; ngUk; ehfhpfj;ij mwpQh; vt;thW fUJfpd;wdh;? jpuhtpl ehfhpfk; 34) jpuhtplh; Ngrpa nkhop vd; d nkhopahFk;? jpuhtpl nkhopahFk; 35) jpuhtplk; vd;Dk; nrhy; _____ vd;Dk; nghUisj; jUtJ. jpuhtpl ehL 36) jpuhtplk; vd; D k; nrhy; i yf; fhy;Lnty; _____ vd;Dk; E}ypy; Fwpg;gpl;L cs;shh;. jpuhtpl nkhopfspd; xg;gpyf;fzk; 37) jpuhtplk; vd; D k; nrhy; i y cUthf;fpath; ahh;? Fkhhpygl; l h; 38) jpuhtpl nkhopia gad;ghl;bw;Ff; nfhz;L te;jth; ahh;? fhy; L nty; 39) nkhopapay; mwpQh;> njhlf;ff; fhyj; j py; jkpioAk; mjd; fpisnkhopfshd kiyahsk; > njYq;F> fd;dlk; Mfpa njd;dpe;jpa nkhopfisAk; _____ my;yJ _____ vd;W toq;fpdh;. jkpspad; my;yJ jKypf; 131


40) jpuhtpl vd;Dk; nrhy;Ny _____ vd;Dk; nrhy;ypUe;J cUthdjhFk;. jkpo; 41) jkpo; > jpukps > jputpl > jpuhtpl – cUthapwW ; vd ve;j nkhopapay; mwpQh; $wpfpwhh;? jkpo;. vz;gJ tpOf;fhL 46) nrt;tpay; nkhopahf xsph;tJ vJ? ekJ jha;nkhopahk; jkpNo 47) epug;Gf: 1. nkhopfs; gy Njhd;wp tsu mbg;gilahd nkhopia _____ vd;gh;. %ynkhop 2. ,e;jpahit nkhopfspd; fhl;rpr; rhiy vdf; Fwpg;gpl;lth; _____ mfj; j paypq; f k; 3. xU %y nkhopapypUe;J Njhd;wp tsUk; nkhopia _____ vd;gh;. fpisnkhop

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www.kalvisolai.com vOj;J (,yf;fzk;)

48) nkhopiag; gpioapd;wpg; NgrTk; Nfl;fTk;> fw;fTk; vOjTk; Jiz nra;tJ vJ? ,yf; f zk; 49) ,yf;fzk; vj;jid tifg;gLk;? mit ahit? jkpopyf;fzk;> vOj;jpyf;fzk;> nrhy;ypyf;fzk;> nghUspyf;fzk;> ahg;gpyf;fzk;> mzpapyf;fzk; vd Itifg;gLk;. 50) vOj;Jfspd; tif:vOj;J KjnyOj;J> rhh;ngOj;J vd ,Utifg;gLk;. 51) KjnyOj;Jfs; vd;why; vd;d? m Kjy; xs tiu capu; vOj;Jfs; gd;dpuz;Lk; . f; Kjy; d; tiu cs;s nka;naOj;Jfs; gjpndl; L k; Mfpa Kg; g J vOj;JfSk; Kjy; vOj;JfshFk;. 52) rhh;ngOj;Jfs; vd;why; vd;d? Kjy; vOj; J fisr; rhh; e ; J ,aq;Fk; vOj;Jfs; rhh;ngOj;Jfs; vdg;gLk;. 53) rhh;ngOj;Jfs; vj;jid tifg;gLk;? mit ahit? caphn ; ka;> Ma;jk;> capusngil> xw;wsngil> Fw;wpaypfuk;> Fw;wp aYfuk;> Ifhuf;FWf;fk;> xsfhuf;FWf;fk;> kfuf;FWf;fk;> Ma; j f; F Wf; f k; vdg; gj; J tifg; g Lk; .

msngil

54) msngil vd;why; vd;d? nra;Aspy; Xir FiwAk; NghJ xU nrhy;ypd; KjypYk; ,ilapYk; ,WjpapYk; epw;Fk; nel;nlOj;Jfs; jkf;Fhpa ,uz;L khj;jpiuapypUe;J ePzL ; xypf;Fk;. 55) msngil vj;jid tifg;gLk;? mit ahit? ,uz;L tifg;gLk;. mit:1. capusngil> 2. xw;wsngil 56) capusngil vd;why; vd;d? nra;Aspy; Xir FiwAk; NghJ me;j Xiria epiwT nra;a caph; n eby; vOj; J fs; VOk; msngLf;Fk;. ,/J capusngil vdg;gLk;. 57) capusngil vj;jid tifg;gLk;? mit ahit? %d;W tifg;gLk; mit – 1. nra;Aspir msngil> 2. ,d;dpir msngil> 3. nrhy;ypir msngil. 58) nra;Aspir msngil vd;why; vd;d? nra;Aspy; ,iria epiwf;ftUk; msngiliar; nra;Aspir msngil vd;gh;.

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www.kalvisolai.com 59) ,d;dpir msngil vd;why; vd;d? Xir Fiwahtpl;lhYk; ,dpa Xirf;fhf msngLj;jiy ,d;dpir msngil vd;gh;. 60) nrhy;ypir msngil vd;why; vd;d? xU nrhy; kw;nwhU nrhy;yhfg; nghUs; gltUk; msngil nrhy;ypir msngil vd;gh;. 61) xw;wsngil vd;why; vd;d? nra; A spy; Xir Fiwe; j hy; nka;naOj;JfSk; msngLf;Fk; . ,/J xw;wsngil vdg;gLk;. 62) Fwpg; G 1. nra;Aspir msngil ( ,irepiw msngil) nra;Aspd; Xiria epiwT nra; a glh mh;> 2. ,d; d pir msngil - ,dpa ,irf;fhf %tir nfhz;l rPuf ; shf kl;Lk; tUk;. (v.fh) nfLg;gJ}ck;> vLg;gJ}ck;. 3. nrhy;ypir msngil – ngah;r; nrhy; msngLj;J> tpidnar;rg; nghUspy; tUk;. , vd;Dk; vOj;jpy; KbT ngw;wpUf;Fk;. (v.fh) eir ,> epwP ,. 4. xw;wsngil – ty;ypdj;J f;> r;> l; > j; > g; > w; > vd; D k; MWk; > ,ilapdj; j py; h; > o; vd; D k; ,uz;Lk; Mf ,e;j vl;L

63)

64)

65)

66)

nka;naOj;Jfs; jtpug;gpw nka;naOj;Jfs; msngLf;Fk;. vOj;Jtif _____ khj;jpiu 1. caph;fF ; wpy;> caph;nka;f; Fwpy; - xd;W 2. capu;neby;>caph; nka; neby; - ,uz;L 3. nka;> Ma;jk; - miu 4. capusngil - %d;W 5. xw;wsngil - xd;W chpa tpiliaj; Njh;e;njOJf: 1. cwh mh;f; FWNeha; ciug;gha; - ,j;njhlhpy; _____ te;Js;sJ. nra; A spir 2. cLg; g J}ck; Ja; g ; g J}ck; ,y;yhh;fF ; - ,f;Fwl;ghj; njhlhpy; _____ msngil te;Js;sJ. ,d; d pir 3. nrhy; y pir msngiliaj; njhpT nra;f: tudir, ,d;Dk; cs;Nsd;. nghUj;Jf: m. xw;wsngil – muq;qf ; k; M. nra; A spir msngil – cohmh; ,. ,d;dpir msngil – cLg;gJ}ck; 75 Mtp - capnuOj;J ,ilik - ,ilapdk; kplW - fOj;J nkd;ik - nky;ypdk; cuk; - khh;G

73) ,uz;L cjLfs; nghUe;Jtjdhy; gpwf;Fk; vOj;Jfs;. g;> k;


74) jkpo; vz;ZUf;fis mwpNthk; 1. f 2. c 75) jkpo; r ; nrhy; y wpNthk; : 1. Rtpl;r; - nghj;jhd; 2. I];thl;lh; - Fsph; ePh; 3. $y;l;hpq;]; - Fsph;ghdk; 4. fpiuz;lh; - kpd; miuit 5. gphp[; - Fsph;rhjdg; ngl;b 6. B - NjePh; 7. th\pq; n k\pd; - ryit ,ae;jpuk; 8. nlypNghd; - njhiyNgrp 76) jkpo;g; gonkhopia mwpf – 1. Bend the tree while it is young Ie; j py; tisahjJ> Ik; g jpy; tisAkh? 2. As is the mother, so is her daughter jhiag;Nghyg; gps;is> E}iyg; Nghy Nriy 3. A friend in need is a friend indeed caph;fhg;ghd; Njhod; 4. A man of courage never wants weapons ty;ytDf;Fg; Gy;Yk; MAjk;. 5. Blood is thicker than water jhd; Mlhtpl;lhYk; jd;jir MLk;.

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www.kalvisolai.com ,ay; , uz; L nra;As; - rpWgQ;r%yk;

77) f z ; t d g ; G f ; f z ; N z h l ; l k ; > fhy;tdg;Gr; nry;yhik – vd;w rpWgQ; r %yk; vd; w ghliyg; ghbath; ahh;? fhhpahrhd; 78) nrhw; n ghUs; 1. fz;Nzhl;lk; - ,uf;fk; nfhs;Sjy; 2. vz;tdg;G - Muha;rr ; pf;F moF 3. tdg;G - moF 4. fpsh;Nte;jd; - GfOf;F chpa murd; 5. thl;lhd; - tUj;jkhl;lhd; 79) ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;G:1. fz; N zhl; l k; > nry; y hik> ciuj;jy;> vd;wy; - njhopwn ; gah;fs; 2. Nfl;lhh;> thl;lhd; - tpidah yizAk; ngah;fs; 80) gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; 1. Nfl;lhh; - Nfs; (l;) + l; + Mh; Nfs; - gFjp s; - l; MdJ tpfhuk; l; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy Mh; - gyh;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp mzp - nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tUepiy mzp 81) Mrphpah; Fwpg; G :fhhpahrhd;> kJiuj; jkpohrphpah; khf; f hadhhpd; khzth; vdr; rpwg;Gg;ghapuk; $WfpwJ. ,th;> rkz rkaj;ijr; rhh;ej ; th;. ,tUk; fzpNkjhtpahUk; xU rhiy

khdhf;fuhth;.ngUk;ghd;ik nghJ mwf;fUj;JfSk; rpWghd;ik rkz mwf;fUj;JfSk; ,e;E}ypy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sd. 82) E}w; Fwpg;G :rpWgQ;r%yk; gjpndz;fo P f ; f ; zf;F E}y;fSs; xd;W. ,jd; Mrphpah; fhhpahrhd; . ,e; E }ypy; > flTs; tho;jJ ; ld; njhz;Z}w;NwO ntz; ghf;fs; cs;sd. fz;lq; fj;jphp> rpWtOJiz> rpWky;yp> ngUky;yp> neUQ;rp Mfpa Ie;J %ypifapd; Nth;fSk; cly; Nehiaj; jPhg ; g ; d. mJNghy> ,e;E}ypd; xt;nthU ghlypYk; $wg; g l; L s; s Ie; J fUj;JfSk; kf;fs; kdNehiag; Nghf;Ftd. Mifahy; ,e;E}y; rpWgQ;r%yk; vdg;ngah; ngw;wJ. epug;Gf: 1 . g z ; Z f ; F m o F _____ ed;nwd;wy; Nfl;Nlhh;. 2. gpwhplk; ,ue;J nry;yhik _____ moF. fhYf; F

ghQ;rhyprgjk; - ghujpahh;

83) ,e;jpu khefiu Mz;L te;jth; ahh;? ghz; l th; 84) nrhw;nghUs; 1. vk;gp – vd;jk;gp 2. klg;gpb – ghQ;rhyp 3. fspf;f – kfpo 4. Nfhkhd; – murd; ( jpUjuhl;bud;)

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www.kalvisolai.com 5. Ee;ij – Ek; je;ij 6. mltp – fhL 7. jle;Njhs; – typaNjhs; 8. kzpefh; – mofpa efuk; 9. kUq;F – gf;fk; 10. NfhyKW – moF kpf;f 11. nrwpe;J – mlh;e;J 12. fh – fhL 13. FyT – tpsq;Fk; 14. Qhyk; – cyfk; 15. gz;zth; – Njth; 16. muk;igah; – Njt kfsph; 17. Qhdk; – mwpT 18. Gd;ik – ,ope;j jd;ik 19. tPW – typik 20. rJuq;fr; Nrid – ehy;tifg; gilfs; 21. kJunkhop – ,dpa nkhop 22. Fryq;fs; Ngrp – eyd; Nfl;ly; 85) ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;G:– 1. khefh; – chpr;nrhw;nwhlh; 2. rhh;e;jth; – tpidahyizAk; ngah; 3. Ee;ij – Ek; je;ij vd;gjd; k& c 4. mltp kiyahW – ck;ikj; njhif 5. fle;J – tpidnar;rk; 6. jle;Njhs; – chpr;nrhw;nwhlh; 7. ghyilAk; eWnea;Ak; NjDk; – vz;Zk;ik 8. ePyKb> ed;nra;> Gd;nra; – gz;Gj; njhiffs;

9. gha;e;J> nrwpe;J – tpidnar; rq;fs; 10. Qhynkyhk;> kf;fnsyhk; – vy; y hk; vd; g jd; njhFj; j y; tpfhuk;. 11. fhj;jy; – njhopw;ngah; 12. njhy;YyF – gz;Gj; njhif 13. jhsKk; NksKk; – vz;Zk;ik 14. gjkyh; – cUtfk; 86) gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; 1. fle;J – fl+ j;(e;)+ j; + c fl – gFjp j; – re;jp j; – e; MdJ tpfhuk; j; – ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy c – tpidnar;r tpFjp 2. nry;thd; – nry; + t; + Md; nry; – gFjp t; – vjph;fhy ,ilepiy Md; – Mz;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp 87) Mrphpah; Fwpg; G :Rg;gpukzpa ghujpahh; jw;Nghija J}j;Jf;Fb khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s vl;laGuj;jpy; 11-12-1882 md;W gpwe; j hh; . ,th; j k; ngw; N whh; rpd;drhkp – ,yf;Fkp mk;ikahh; Mth;. ,thpd; Jiztpahh; nry;yk;khs;. rpwe;j gilg;ghsuhd ghujpahh; Fapy; ghl;L> fz;zd; ghl;L> ghQ;rhyp rgjk; Kjypa E}y;fisg; gilj;jspj;jhh;. ehL> nkhop> ,iw> ngz;ik Kjypa

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www.kalvisolai.com ghLnghUs;fspy; vz;zw;w ghly; ,aw;wpdhh;. Qhdujk;> re;jphpifapd; fij> juhR Kjypa ciueil ,yf;fpaq;fisAk; vOjpdhh;. ,th; 11-09-1921 md;W es;spuT kiwe;jhh;. 88) E}w;Fwpg;G:,g;ghlg;gFjp> ghujpahhpd; Kg;ngUk; gilg;GfSs; xd;whfpa ghQ;rhyp rgjk; vd;Dk; fhg;gpaj;jpd; #o;rr ; pr; rUf;fj;jpy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ. midtUk; mwpe; j ,jpfhrf; fijia vspa nrhw;fs;> vspa eil> vspa re;jk; Mfpatw;Wld; $ba ngz;Zhpikf; fhg;gpakhfj; jkpopy; ghujp tbj;Jj; je;jNj ghQ;rhyprgjk;. tpahrhpd; ghujj;ijj; jOtp vOjg; ngw;wJ. ghQ;rhyp rgjk; ,U ghfq;fisf; nfhz;lJ. ,J #o;r;rpr; rUf;fk;> #jhl;lr; rUf; f k; > mbikr; rUf; f k; > JfpYhpjy; rUf;fk;> rgjr; rUf;fk; vd Ie;J rUf;fq;fisAk; ehD}w; W g; gd; d puz; L ghly; fisAk; nfhz;l FWq;fhg;gpak;. 89) rpwg;G: ghujpahh; ghl;lf;nfhU Gytd;> ePLJapy; ePf;fg; ghbte;j epyh> jw;fhy ,yf;fpaj;jpd; tpbnts;sp> Njrpaf;ftp> kfhftp vd;nwy;yhk; Gfog;ngw;whh;.

RNjrkpj;jpud;> ,e;jpah Kjypa ,jo;fspd; Mrphpauhf ,Ue;jhh;. ,e;jpa tpLjiyf;Fg; ghLg;gl;lhh;. 90) epug;Gf1. ePL Japy; ePf;fg; ghbte;j epyh vdg; ghuhl;lg; ngw;wth; ______ Mthh;. ghujpahh; 2. JhpNahjdpd; je;ij ______ Mthh;. jpUjuhl; b ud; 91) nghUj;Jf 1. tdg;G – moF 2. gpb – ngz; ahid 3. mltp – fhL 4. kUq;F – gf;fk; 5. tPW – typik 6. kJunkhop – ,dpa nkhop

,f;fhyf; ftpijfs; (ciueil)

92) ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;by; ______> ______ Kk; tpiuthf tsh;e;jd. mwptpaYk;> ,yf;fpaKk; 93) nra;As;> ciueil vd;Dk; ,U tbtpYk; ______ kyh;e;Js;sd. GJtif ,yf;fpaq;fs; 94) ciueilf;fhyk; vd;why; vd;d? ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;bd; ciueil tsj;ijf; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L Nehf; F k; NghJ ,f; f hyj; i j ciueilf; fhyk; vdyhk;.

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www.kalvisolai.com 95) ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;L njhlf;fj;jpy; ehL> nkhop> ,dk;> rKjhak;> fiy vd ve;j ve;jf; ftpQh; gytw;iwg; ghbdh;? ghujpahh;> ghujpjhrd;> ftpkzp Njrpfk; tpehafdhh;> ehkf;fy;> ,uhkypq; f dhh; . 96) ghujpapd; ftpijfs; ,Ugjhk; E}w; w hz; b y; vjw; F tpj; j hf mike;jdh;? mUk; g pa kWkyh; r ; r pf; F 97) kd;dh;fis kl;LNk kfpo;tpj;J te;j ftpij kuig khw;wp> vspa kf; f is Nehf; f pf; ftpijf; fUtpiaj; jpUg; g p mikj; j ngUik ahiur; rhUk;? ghujpahiur; rhUk; 98) ghujpjhrdpd; ftpijfs; ahit? jkpo;> jkpoh;> jkpOzh;T> rOjha kWkyh; r ; r p> ngz; tpLjiy> jpuhtpl ,af; f r; rpe; j id> nghJTilik 99) tpLjiy ,af;ff; ftpQh; ahh;? ehkf;fy; ftpQh; 100) Fwpg;G – ftpijfspy; fhe;jpar; rpe;jidfs; kpsph; f pd; w d. ,th; jkpohpd; rpwg;igAk; jkpo;nkhopapd; ,dpik iaAk; Nrh;j;Jg; ghbdhh;? ehkf;fy; ftpQh; 101) tho;fi ; f rpwf;f xt;nthUtUk; xU njhopiyahtJ fw;Wf; nfhs;tJ ey;yJ vd typAWj;jpath; ahh;? ehkf; f y; y hh; 138


102) G y t h ; F o e ; i j > K b a u r d ; KjypNahh; ftpijfspy; gFj;jwpT Nehf;Fk; ______ ,yq;ff; fhzyhk;. Kw;Nghf;Fr; rpe;jidAk; jkpOzh; T k; 103) ctikf; f tpQh; vd rpwg; G g; ngw;wth; ahh;? Rujh 104) Rujh ghly;fspy; ,ilapy; fye;J tUtJ vJ? tuyhw;Wr; nra;jpfSk;> ,yf;fz tpsf;fq;fSk;. 105) R u j h a h i u c t i k f s h y ; ghuhl;bAs;shh;? kiwkiyabfshiu 106) g h u j p j h r i d j ; njhlh;e;J ,aw;ifapd; moif vopYwg; glk; gpbj;Jf; fhl;Ltjpy; ahUila ftpijfs; rpwe;J tpsq;Ffpd;wd? thzpjhrd; 107) k u G f ; f t p i j f s ; G i d e ; J jkpod; i df; F NkYk; tsKk; ngUikAk; ahh; Nrh;j;Js;sdh;? Rj; j hde; j ghujpahh; > gl; L f; Nfhl;ilf; fy;ahzRe;juk;> ftpQh; fz;zjhrd;> jkpo;xsp 108) kdpjFy tsh;r;rpf;F Vw;wthW rpe; j id khw; w q; f Sk; r%f khw;wjpd; tpisNt______ GJf;ftpijapd; Njhw;wk; 109) mnkhpf;ff; ftpQh; ‘thy;lt ; pl;kdpd;’ rhaypy; trd ftpij vOjpath; ahh;? ghujpahh;

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www.kalvisolai.com 110) ghujpjhrdpd; ciueilfs; midj;Jk; ______ nfhz;lit? ftpijeil 111) jkpopy; GjpanjhU tbtk; Njhd;wf; fhuzkhf ,Ue;jit? Nkiy ehl;L ,yf;fpaj; njhlh;Gk;> rKjhar; #o;epiyAk; 112) Gjpa Mq; f pyf; ftpijfisg; gbj;j jkpouJ rpe;jidapy; ve;jf; ftpijfs; kyh;eJ ; kzk; gug;gpd? GJf; f tpijfs; 113) kzpf; n fhb vd; D k; ,jopy; GJf;ftpij vOjpath; ahh;? e.gprr ; %h;jj ; p> GJikg;gpjj ; d;> F.g. ,uhrNfhgh yhd; > f.eh.Rg; g pu kzpad;. 114) vOj;J vd;Dk; GJf;ftpijfisg; gilj;jth; ahh;? v];.itj;j] P t ; ud;> jUK rptuhK> kzp> rp.R nry;yg;gh KjypNahh; Mth; . 115) Nfhitapy; thdk; ghbf; FOtpdh; ve;jf; ftpijiag; gutyhf;fg; ghLgl;ldh;? GJf; f tpij 116) GJf;ftpij ghLtjpy; kPuh(kP. ,uhNre;jpud;)> rpw; g pghyRg; g pukzpad; > thyp> ,d;Fyhg;> K.Nkj;jh> ituKj;J> mg;Jy;uFkhd;> fq;if nfhz;lhd;> rpw;gp> jkpo; e hld; > mf; f pdpg; G j; j pud; > rf;jpf;fdy;> ,utPej ; pud;> Qhdp> gh.

nrag;gpufhrk;> gpugQ;rd;> ghyh> Nfh.uh[huhk; vd tsUk; ngUk; gl;baiyf; nfhz;lJ thdk;ghb ,af;fk;. ,th;fsJ tUiff;Fg; gpdd ; h; GJf;ftpij> rKjhak; Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; Xh; ,yf;fpa tifahfr; rpwg;Gw;wJ. 118) epug; G f:1. fhe;jpaf; ftpQh; vdg; Nghw;wg; gLgth; ______ ehkf;fy; ftpQh; 2. GJf;ftpij tsh;rr ; papy; ______ gq;F Nghw;wj;jf;fJ. ty; y pf; f z; z d;

fz; z jhrd; ftpapd; g k; (Jizg; g hlk; )

119) ,Ugjhk; E}w; w hz; L j; jkpo; f ; ftpQh;fspd; thpirapy; jdf;nfd;W jdp Kj;jpiuiag; gjpj;jth; ahh;? ftpauR fz; z jhrd; 120) vspa nrhw; f isf; nfhz; L cs;sj;ij kfpot ; pfF ; k; ghly;fis ,aw;wpa ngUik ahUf;F cz;L? fz; z jhrd; 121) tho;fi ; fAk; tho;fi ; fiag; gw;wpa rpe; j idfSNk ______ Fhpa nghUs;fshk;. ftpijf;Fhpa

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www.kalvisolai.com 122) coth; ngUkf;fspd; ,y;yj;Nj vOfpd;w gy;NtW xirfs; ______> xj;J xypf;fpd;wd? ,iaGj; njhilAk;> ,ireaKk; 123) fz; z jhrd; - gilg; G fSk; > rpwg; G fSk; . Kj; i jah vd; w ,aw; n gah; nfhz;l fz;zjhrd;> rptfq;if khtl;lj;jpYs;s rpW $ly;gl;b vd;Dk; rpw;W}hpy; 24.06.1927 vd;W gpwe;jhh;. ngw;Nwhh; rhj;jg;gd; tprhyhl; r p Mth; . fz; z jhrd; ftpijfs; gy njhFjpfshf ntsp te;Js;sd. mth;jk; jpiug;glg; ghly;fs; E}y; tbtk; ngw;Ws;sd. 124) Ml;ldj;jp Mjpke;jp> khq;fdp> fy; y f; F b khfhtpak; > ,NaR fhtpak; Kjypad mth; gilj;j neLq; ftpij E}y;fs;. ,uhrjz;lid vd;gJ> fk;gh; mk;gpfhgjp tuyhw;iw mbg;gil ahff; nfhz; L > mth; g ilj; j ,dpaehlfk;. Mapuk; jPT mq;faw; fz; z p> Ntyq; F bj; jpUtpoh Kjypa gy Gjpdq; fisAk; fz; z jhrd; gilj; j pUf; f pwhh; . mth; vOjpa ,UgJf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l Gjpdq;fspy; Nrukhd; fhjyp rpwe;j tuyhw;Wg; GjpdkhFk;. mjw;Fr; rhfpj; j pa mfhjkpapd; ghpR fpilj; J s; s J. fz; z jhrd; njd;wy;> Ky;iy> fz;zjhrd;

jkpok ; yh; Kjypa ,jo;fs; njhlq;fp> mtw; W f; F Mrphpauhf ,Ue; J rpwe;j ,jo;g;gzp Mw;wpAs;shh;. ftpijapYk; ciueilapYk; nrhw; nghoptpYk; jpiug;glj; JiwapYk; jkf;nfd xU Gjpa topapid tFj;Jf; nfhz;L jiy epkph;eJ ; epd;wth; fz;zjhrd;. mth; jk; ftpijfshy; vd;nwd;Wk; tho;eJ ; nfhz;bUf;fpwhh;. ehd; epue;jpukhdtd; moptjpy;iy. ve;j epiyapYk; vdf;F kuzkpyi ; y. - fz;zjhrd;

MFg; n gah; (,yf; f zk; )

125) MF ngah; vd;why; vd;d? xU nghUspd; ngah;> jdf;Fhpa nghUisf; Fwpf;fhky; jd;NdhL njhlh;Gila NtnwhU nghUSf;Fg; ngauhfp tUtJ MF ngah; vdg; g Lk; . 126) MFngah; vj;jid tifg;gLk;? MFngah; gjpdhW tifg;gLk; 127) msitf; Fwpf; F k; ngah; f s; ______ vd;gh;. msitg; n gah; f s; 128) msitg; ngah; f s; vj; j id tifg;gLk;? mit ahit? ehd;F tifg;gLk; mit 1. vz;zy; msit> 2. vLj;jy; msit> 3. Kfj;jy; msit> 4. ePl;ly; msit.

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www.kalvisolai.com 129) vz;zy; msit MFngah;fF ; (v.fh) jUf xd;W ngw;why; xspkak; 130) vLj;jy; msit MFngah;f;F (v.fh) jUf? Ie;J fpNyh vd;d tpiy? 131) Kfj;jy; msit MFngah;f;F (v.fh) jUf? ehd;F ypl;lh; Njit 132) eP l ; l y; msit MFngah; f ; F (v.fh) jUf? %d;W kPl;lh; nfhL 133) nrhy;yhF ngah; vd;why; vd;d? ts; S th; nrhy; tho; f ; i ff; F ,dpJ. ,j; n jhlhpy; ts; S th; nrhy; vd;gJ> nrhy;iyf; Fwpff ; hJ nghUSf;Fg; ngauhfp te;jjhy;. 134) jhdpahFngah; vd;why; vd;d? ghiy ,wf;F – ghypd; ngah; ghiyf; Fwpf;fhky; ghj;jpuj;ijf; Fwpf;fpwJ. Xh; ,lj;jpy; cs;s xU nghUspd; ngah; (jhdp) mJ rhh;e;jpUf;Fk; ,lj;jpw;Fg; ngauhfp tUtJ. 135) fUtpahF ngah; vd;why; vd;d? aho; Nfl; L kfpo; e ; j hs; . ,j; njhlhpy; aho; vd; D k; fUtp ,irf;F Mfp te;jjhy;. 136) fhhpathF ngah; vd;why; vd;d? ehd; rikay; fw;Nwd;. ,q;Fr; rikay; vd;Dk; fhhpaj;jpd; ngah; mjd; fhuzj;jpw;Fg; (fUtpf;F) ngauhfp tUtJ fhhpathF ngah; .

137) fUj;jhthF ngah; vd;why; vd;d? jpUts; S tiug; gbj; J g; g hh; ,j;njhlhpy; jpUts;Sth; vd;gJ mtuhy; ,aw;wg; ngw;w E}Yf;F Mfpte;jjhy; fUj;jhthF ngauhapw; W . 138) ctikahF ngah; vd;why; vd;d? xUtiug; ghh;jJ ; > ehjh; tUfpwhh; vdy; . 139) chpa tpiliaj; Njh;e;njOJf:1. ‘ehYkpuz;Lk; nrhy;Yf;FWjp’ ,j;njhlh; ______ MFk;. vz; z ysit MFngah; 2. japiu ,wf;F. - ,j;njhlh; ______ MFngah; MFk;. jhdpahF ngah; 3. jhdk; jhdpf;F (nghUSf;F) Mfp tUtJ ______ MFngah;. ,lthF ngah; 140) nghUj;Jf:1. Kfj;jy; msit MFngah; ,uz;L ypl;lh; jh. 2. ctikahF ngah; - fhis tUfpwhd; 3. nrhy;yhF ngah; - nghpNahh; nrhy; Nfs; 4. vLj;jy; msit MFngah; gj;Jf; fpuhk; nfhL


141) Nth;rn ; rhw;fis tpidKw;whf;Ff. 1. ehd; ehis re;ijf;Fg; ______ (Ngh) tpil: NghNtd; 2. khzth;fs; gs;spapy; fy;tp ______ (fy;) tpil : fw;fpd;wdH

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www.kalvisolai.com 3. ahid Nfhgk; nfhz;L ______ (gpspW) tpil: gpspwpw;W 4. NjrpqF ; uhrh ghuhrhhpf; Fjpiuia ______ (mlf;F) tpil : mlf;fpdhH 5. ,e;jpa mzp New;iwa fhy; ge;Jg; Nghl;bapy; ntw;wp ______ (ngW) tpil: ngw;wJ 142) milg;Gf;FwpfF ; s; cs;s nrhw;fisr; nrhw;nwhlUf;Nfw;g khw;Wf:1. mth; ______ (tpiuT) te;Jk; NgUe;ijg; gpbf;f ,aytpy;iy. 2. khzth;fSf;Fg; ghprspf;FkhW ______ ( j i y t h ; ) N f l ; L f ; nfhs;fpNwd;. 3. Foe;ijfs; ______ (ngw;Nwhh;) khpahij jUjy; Ntz;Lk;. 4. mLg;G ed;whf______ (vhp) tpwF fha;ej ; pUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. 5. vjpYk; ______ (vspik) filg;gpbj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. tpilfs; : 1. tpiue;J 2. jiytiuf; 3. ngw;NwhUf;F 4. vupa 5. vspikiaf; 143) nganur;rj;ij tpidKw;whf khw;wp vOJf: (v.fh) tdg; G kpf; f Nrhiy. Nrhiy tdg;G kpf;fJ. 1. Js;sp Xba Gs;spkhd; ______ 2. kpfTk; ,dpj;j gok; ______ 3. kuq;fs; epiwe;j fhL ______

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4. ePjp jtwhj kd;dd; ______ 5. New;Wg; nga;j kio ______ 144) tpidKw; i wg; nganur; r khf khw;Wf (v.fh) New;W kjpaofd; te;jhd;. New;W te;j kjpaofd;. 1. vopyd; tiue;jhd; ______ 2. mg;gh rpdk; nfhz;lhh; ______ 3. vopy; ghk;igf; fz;lhs; ______ 4. Fjpiu tpiuthf XbaJ ______ 5. Fuq;Ffs; jhtpf; Fjpj;jd ____ tpilfs;: (ePqf ; s; Kaw;rp nra;aTk;)

,ay; %d;W nra;As; - GwehD}W

148) njz;fly; tshfk; nghJik ,d;wp – vd; w GwehD}W ghliyg; ghbath; ahh;? kJiuf; fzf;fhadhh; kfdhh; ef; f P u dhh; . 149) nrhw;nghUs; :1. epow;wpa - epoy; nra;j 2. eLehs;ahkk; - es;spuT 3. JQ;rhd; - Japyhd; 4. kh - tpyq;F 5. fy;yh - fy;tpawptpy;yhj 6. ehop - msTg;ngah; 7. fy;tp Kjypa rpwg;Gfisf; Fwpf;Fk;. ,/J vl;Lj;njhif E}y;fSs; xd;W. ,e;E}ypYs;s ghly;fs; gy; N tW Gyth; f shy; ghlg; ngw;wit. ,g;ghly;fs; thapyhfg; gz;ilj; jkpo; kd;dh;fspd; Ml;rpr; rpwg; G > tP u k; > nfhil> fy; t p Kjypatw;iw mwpayhk;. ,e;E}ypd; rpy ghly;fis [p.A.Nghg; Mq;fpyj;jpy; nkhop ngah;jJ ; s;shh;.

FWe; n jhif (NjtFyj; j hh; )

154) epyj; j pDk; nghpNj thdpDk; cah;e;jd;W – vd;w FWe;njhif ghliyg; ghbath; ahh;? NjtFyj; j hh; . 155) nrhw;nghUs;:1. ePH - fly; 2. fUq;Nfhy; - fUik epwKila nfhk;G 3. cah;e;jd;W - cah;e;jJ 4. mstpd;W - mstpidAilaJ 156) ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;G:1. epyj;jpDk;> thdpDk;> ePhpDk; cah;Tr; rpwg;Gk;ikfs; 2. fUq;Nfhy;> ngUe;Njd; - gz;Gj; njhiffs; 157) gphpj;jwpjy; :1. MusT = mUik + msT 2. fUq;Nfhy; = fUik + Nfhy; 3. ngUe;Njd; = ngUik + Njd;

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www.kalvisolai.com 158) E}w;Fwpg;G :FWik + njhif = FWe;njhif. Fiwe;j mbasthy; ghlg; ngw;w ghly;fspd; njhFg;Ng FWe;njhif. ,e;E}y;> vl;Lj; njhif E}y;fSs; xd;W. ,jpy;> flTs; tho;j;Jld; ehD}w;nwhU ghly;fs; cs;sd. mfg;nghUs; gw;wpa ghly;fisg; gy;NtW fhyq;fspy; tho;ej ; Gyth; fs; ghbAs;shh;fs;. ,g;ghly;fs; Fiwe;j msthf ehd;fbfisAk; mjpf msthf vl;L mbfisAk; nfhz; b Uf; f pd; w d. ,e; E }iyj; njhFj;jth; g+hpf;Nfh. ghujk; ghba ngUe;Njtdhh; ,e;E}Yf;Ff; flTs; tho;j;Jg; ghbAs;shh;. ,g;ghlyh rphpah; Fwpj;j nra;jpfs; fpilf;f tpy;iy. ,e;E}y; thapyhfg; gz;ilj; jkpohpd; ,y;tho;f;if> xOf;fk;> kfsph; khz;G> mwTzh;T Kjypatw;iw mwpayhk; 159) chpa tpiliaj; Njh;T nra;f:1. vl;Lj;njhif E}y; ______ FWe; n jhif 2. FWe; n jhifg; ghly; f spd; vz;zpf;if ______ 401 3. FWe; n jhifg; ghly; f spd; mbtiu ______ 4-8 160) Ie;jpiz 1. FwpQ;rp> 2. Ky;iy> 3. kUjk;> 4. nea;jy; 5. ghiy.

jpUtpisahlw; Guhzk; guQ;Nrhjp Kdpth;

161) jkpo; g ; G yth; f s; ,iwtDf; F k; jkpOf; F k; cs; s gpizg; i g cWjpg;gLj;jNt ______ Guhzk; Kjypa Guhzq;fis ,aw;wpajhff; nfhs;syhk;. jpUtpisahly; Guhzk; 162) Gyth; jk; Gyikj; jpwj;ij mwpa ,iwtid Ntz; b r; ______ ngw;wdh;. rq;fg; gyifiag; 163) tq;fpa Nrfu ghz;badpd; kfd; ______ kJiuapy; murhl; r pg; nghWg;ig Vw;wdh; ahh;? tq; f pa #lhkzpghz; b ad; 164) #lhkzpghz;baDf;Fr; ______ vd;Dk; ngah; toq;fyhapw;W. rz; g fg; ghz; b ad; 165) nrhw;nghUs;:1. itia ehltd; - ghz;bad; 2. ca;a - gpiof;f 3. ,ue;J nrg;gpdhd; - gzpe;J Ntz;bdhd; 4. njd; d td; Fynja; t k; nrhf;fehjd;(m) Re;jughz;bad; 5. ,d;dy; - Jd;gk; 6. ey;fpdhh; - mspj;jhh; 7. ,iwQ;rp - gzpe;J 8. msf;fpy; Nfs;tpahh; - mstw;w Nfs;tpawptpdh;. 9. rpuk; Jsf;fp - jiyarj;J

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www.kalvisolai.com 10. kPdtd; - kPdn ; fhbia cila ghz;bad; 11. tpGjh; - Gyth; 12. J}q;fpa - njhq;fpa 13. nghw;fpop - nghd; Kbg;G 14) ek;gp - jUkp 15. Gwk;G - ntspapy; 16. igAs; - tUj;jk; 17. gdtd; - me;jzd; 18. fz;lk; - fOj;J 19. tOT ghly; - Fw;wKs;s ghly; 20. Mh;mit - (Gyth;fs;) epiwe;j mit 21. fpsj;jpNdd; - nrhd;Ndd; 22. rPuzp - Gfo;tha;e;j 23. Ntzp - nrQ;ril 24. Xuhd; - czuhd; 25. mw;Fw;w - (my;F + cw;w ) ,Uisnahj;j 26. ehw;wk; - eWkzk; 27.Foy; - $e;jy; 28. my;F - ,uT 29. Vj;Jk; - tzq;Fk; 30. Qhdg;g+qN; fhij - cikak;ik 31. fw;iwthh; rilahd; rptngUkhd; 32. ck;guhh; gjp - Njth; jiytd; (,e;jpud;) 33. Ejy; tpop - new;wpf;fz; 34. nghw;gq;faj;jlk; nghw;whgpkiuf; Fsk; 35. ehtyd; - Gyth; 36. fue;jhd; - kiwe;jhd;.

166) ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;G:1. ciuj;J> ,ue;J - tpidnar;rq;fs; 2. nrhy;yp> ,iwQ;rp - tpidnar;rq;fs; 3. tpsf;fp> rpwe;J - tpidnar;rq;fs; 4. kfpo;ej ; - njhopw;ngah; 5. J}q;fpa> Ma;ej ; - nganur;rq;fs; 6. Neh;e;J - tpidnar;rk; 7. nfhz;L> itj;J - tpidnar;rq;fs; 8. Nehf;fp - tpidnar;rk; 9. fpsj;jpNdd; - jd;ik xUik tpidKw;W 10. Njuhf;fuP d; - mQ;rhd; - tpid ahyizAk; ngah;fs; 13. Fw;wk; - njhopw;ngah; 14. Nja; e ; j > gha; e ; j > Ma; e ; j > fha;e;j - nganur;rq;fs; 15. tpOe;J - tpidnar;rk; 16. nre;jP> ntk;ik - gz;Gj; njhiffs; 167) gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; 1. ,ue;J = ,u + j;(e;)+ j; + c ,u - gFjp j; - re;jp j; - e; MdJ tpfhuk; j; - ,we;j fhy ,ilepiy c - tpidnar;r tpFjp 2. ey;fpdhh; - ey;F + ,d; + Mh; ey;F - gFjp ,d; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy

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www.kalvisolai.com Mh; - jd;ik xUik tpidKw;W tpFjp 3. tpsf;fp - tpsf;F + , tpsf;F - gFjp , - tpidnar;r tpFjp 4. J}q;fpdhd; - J}q;F + ,d; + Md; J}q;F - gFjp ,d; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy Md; - Mz;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp 5. gw;Wthd; - gw;W + t; + Md; gw;W - gFjp t; - vjph;fhy ,ilepiy Md; - Mz;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp 6. Njuhd; - Njh; + M + Md; Njh; - gFjp M - vjphk ; iw ,ilepiy (kiwe;jJ) Md; - Mz;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp 7. Nja;ej ; - Nja; + j;(e;) + j; + m Nja; - gFjp j; - re;jp j; - e; MdJ tpfhuk; j; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy m - nganur;r tpFjp 168) Mrphpah; Fwpg; G : guQ;Nrhjp Kdpth; ehif khtl;lj; jpYs;s jpUkiwf;fhL (Ntjhuz; ak; ) vd; D k; Chpy; gpwe; j hh; . jkpopYk; tlnkhopapYk; Gyik ngw; w th; . ,thpd; je; i jahh; kPdhl;rp Re;ju Njrpfh; Mthh;. guQ; N rhjp Kdpth; Jwtpahfpr; rpthyaq; f s; NjhWk; nrd; W 146


,iwtid topgl;L te;jhh;. mt;thW kJiu efhpid mile;J kPdhl;rp mk;kidAk; NrhkRe;juf; flTisAk; tzq;fpath;. me;efupNyNa rpyfhyk; jq;fpapUe;jhh;. me;efuj;jhh; mtiuf; Nfl; L f; nfhz; l jw; F ,zq; f jpUtpisahlw; Guhzj;ij ,aw; wpdhh;. me;E}iyr; rptngUkhd; jpUf; N fhtpypd; vjpNu cs; s mWfhy; gPlj;jpy; ,Ue;J tlnkhop> njd; nkhopg;Gyth; ahtUk; Nghw;w muq;Nfw;wpdhh;. ,th; jpUtpisahlw; Nghw;wpf;fyp ntz;gh> kJiug;gjpw;Wg;gj;je;jhjp Kjypa E}y;fisAk; ,aw;wpAs;shh;. 169) E}w;Fwpg;G:jpUtpisahlw; Guhzk;> kJiuf; fhz; l k; (gjpndl; L g; glyk; ) > $lw; f hz; l k; (Kg; g J glyk; ) > jpUthytha;f; fhz;lk; ( gjpdhW glyk;) vd;Dk; Kg;ngUk; gFjp fisAk; glyk; vd;Dk; mWgj;J ehd;F cl;gphpTfisAk; cilaJ. ,jpy; %thapuj; J Ke; E }w; W mWgj;J %d;W tpUj;jg; ghf;fs; cs; s d. kJiuapy; ,iwtd; epfo;j;jpa mWgj;J ehd;F jpUtpisahly;fis ,g;glyq;fs; tpsf;Ffpd;wd. ,e;E}y;> ,iwtdpd; jpUtpisah ly;fis tpsf;fp vOe;j E}y;fSs; tphpthdJk; rpwg;ghdJk; MFk;. njhileak; gj; j pr; R it kpf; f ,e; E }Yf; F e.K. Ntq; f lrhkp ciunaOjpAs;shh;.

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www.kalvisolai.com 170) epug;Gf:1.jpUtpisahlw; Guhzj; i j ,aw;wpath; ——— guQ; N rhjp Kdpth; 2. jpUtpisahlw; Guhzj; j py; ______ fhz;lq;fs; cs;sd. 1. kJiuf; fhz;lk;> 2. $ly; fhz;lk;> 3. jpUthytha;f; fhz;lk; 3. ,iwtdplk; ghliyg; ngw;Wr; nrd;wth; ______ jUkp 4. nghw;fpop ngwr;nrd;w jUkpiaj; jLj;jth; ______ ef; f P u dh; 5. cly; KOtJk; fz; f is Ailath; ______ rptngUkhd; 171) nghUj;Jf :1. kJiuf;fhz;lk; - gjpndl;Lg; glyk; 2. $ly;fhz;lk; - Kg;gJ glyk; 3. jpUthytha;f; fhz;lk; - gjpdhW glyk;

flw; g azk; (ciueil)

172) jkpo; ehl;L thzpf tuyhW kpfTk; ______ tha;e;jJ. njhd; i k 173) goq;fhye; njhl;Nl jkpoh; ve;j thzpfj;jpy; rpwg;Gw;wpUe;jdh;. cs; e hl; L > may; e hl; L

174) cs;ehl;L thzpfj;ij tpl ve;j ehl;L thzpfk; tUtha; kpFjpahf cs;sJ? may; e hl; L thzpfj; j pNyNa 175) —— vd;Dk; xsit nkhopAk;> —— vd;Dk; fzpad; g+q;Fd;wd; nkhopAk;> jkpoh;fspd; cyfshtpa rpe;jidf;Fk; gd;dhl;Lj; njhlh; Gf;Fk; rhd;Wfshk;. jpiufly; XbAk; jputpak; NjL> ahJk; CNu ahtUk; Nfsph; 176) goq; f hyj; j py; jkpoh; gpwehL fSf;Ff; flw;gazk; Nkw; nfhz;l nra;jp —— tof;fk; vdj; njhy; fhg;gpaj;jpy; Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Ke;ePh; tof;fk; 177) goe;jkpoh; vijj; jk; flikahff; fUjpdh;? nghUsP l ; L jiy 178) njhy;fhg;gpag; nghUsjpfhuj;jpy; ,lk; ngw; W s; s ve; j gphpT tpsf;FfpwJ. nghUs; t apw; gphpT 179) gphpT vj;jid tifg;gLk; ? mit ahit? fhypy; (jiutopg;gphpjy;) gphpT> fyj;jpy; ( ePht ; opg;gphpjy;) gphpT 180) gy;yhapuk; Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dNu jkpoh; —— fly;top thzpfj; njhlh;G nfhz;bUe;jdh;. Nkw;Nf fphPR> cNuhk;> vfpg;J Kjy; fpof;Nf tiuapYk;. 181) ve;j ehLfs; jkpohpd; nghUs;fis tpUk;gpg; ngw;wd? vfpgJ ; > ghy];jd P k;> nkrgNlhkpah> ghgpNyhdpah> rPdk;.

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www.kalvisolai.com 182) VyKk; ,ytq; f Kk; ,Q; r pAk; kpsFk; ve; j ehLfspy; ey; y tpiyf;F tpw;fg;gl;ld. Nkw; f hrpa ehLfs; 183) jkpoe ; hl;by;> gpwehl;lhs; cs;sj;ijf; ftUk; gy kpFjpahff; fpilj;jd? mit ahit? Kj;Jk; gtsKk; MuKk; mfpYk; ntz;JfpYk; rq;Fk; Fwpg;gplj; jf; f d. 184) goe;jkpoh;> fpNuf;fiuAk; cNuhkhdp aiuAk; ______ vd mioj;jdh;? atdh; 185) xt;nthU nghpa fg;gYk; vg;gb Njhd;Wk;. kjpy; #o;e;j Nfhl;il Nghy 186) goq; f hyj; j pNyNa jkpofj; j py; gytifahd ______ fl;lg;gl;ld. fg; g y; f s; 187) Nfhilapd; Njhw;wkhdJ> eLf; flypy; nry;Yk; fg;gYf;F ctikahfg; ——— $wg;gl;L cs;sJ. GWehD}w; w py; 188) fliyf; Fwpf;Fk; jkpo;r; nrhw;fs; ahit? Mop> Mh;fyp> Ke;ePh;> thuzk;> ngstk;> guit> Gzhp. 189) kuf;fyj;Jf;Fk; jkpo;nkhopapy; gy ngah;fs; cs;sd mit? fg;gy;> fyk;> fl;Lkuk;> ehtha;> glF> ghprpy; > Giz> Njhzp> njg;gk;> jpkpy;> mk;gp> tq;fk;> kpjit> g/wp> Xlk; vd;gd.

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190) flypy; nry;Yk; ngupa fg;gy; — vdg;gLk;. ehtha; 191) Fwpg; G :Gfhh; efuj; j py; epWj; j g; g l; l ehtha;fs;> miyfshy; miyg; Gz;L fl;Lj;jwpapy; fl;lg;gl;l ahid mirtJ Nghy; mire;jd. mtw; w pd; cr; r papy; nfhbfs; mire;J Mbd vdg; gl;bdg;ghiy $Wfpd;wJ. 192) jkpofj; j py; eilngw; W te; j thzpfj;jpd; gadhfg; gy Jiw Kfq; f s; flw; f iug; gl; b dq; fshfr; rpwe;J tpsq;fpd. mtw;Ws; ——> ——— Mfpait Fwpg;gplj; jf;fd. fhtphpgg ; +kg ; l;bdk;> Krpwp> nfhw;if 193) Krpwp ahUila JiwKfk;? Nrukd; d h; f ; F hpaJ. 194) ——— vd;Dk; nghpa Mw;wpy; atdh;fspd; kuf;fyq;fs;> Mw;Wj; Jiwfs; fyq;fpg; NghFk;gb te;J epd;wd. Rs; s p 195) mf;fyq;fSf;F chpa atdh;fs; nghd;idr; Rke;J te;J> mjw;F _____> ,Ue;jd. fyq;fiu tpsf;fk; 201) g o e ; j k p o f j ; j p d ; t h z p f g ; nghUs;fisg; gw;wpa Fwpg;Gfs; vq;Ff; fhzg;Lfpd;wd. gl;bdg; ghiyapYk; kJiuf;fhQ;rpapYk; Vw;wkjpahd nghUs;fSs; fPo; fhz;git? ,uj;jpdk;> Kj;J> ituk;> kpsF> fUq; f hyp> fUkUJ> Njf; F > re; j dk; > ntz; Jfpy; > mhprp> Vyf;fha;> ,ytq;fg;gl;il> ,Q;rp. 202) jkpofj; j py; vd; d ,wf; F kjp Mapd. rPdj;Jg; gl;Lk; rUf;fiuAk;. 203) v e ; j g ; g y ; f i y f ; f o f j ; j p d ; thapyhfg; gl;lk;> gl;laf;fy;tp fw;gpf;fg;ngw;W tUfpd;wd? fly;rhh; gy;fiyf;fofk;

204) ______vd;Dk; ghujpapd; fdT ,d;W edthfp cs;sJ? Nkiyf; f ly; KOJk; fg; g y; tpLNthk; . 205) nghUj;Jf:ehL – JiwKfk; 1. NruehL – Krpwp 2. NrhoehL – fhtphpg;g+k; gl;bdk; 3. ghz;baehL – nfhw;if 206) kuGj;njhlh;fisr; nrhw;nwhlhpfspy; mikf;f:1. ifte;jfiy : ______ 2. mj;jp g+j;jhw;Nghy : ______ 3. cs;sq;if ney;ypf;fdp : ____ 207) ,UnghUs; vOJf: 1. jpiu ______> ______> 2. fypq;fk; ______> ______> 3. fiy ______> ______> 4. ftp ______> ______> 208) jpizAk; - epyKk; 1. FwpQ;rp - kiyAk; kiyrhh;ej ; ,lKk; 2. kUjk; - taYk; tay;rhh;e;j ,lKk; 3. nea;jy; - flYk; fly;rhh;e;j ,lKk; 4. ghiy - kzYk; kzy;rhh;ej ; ,lKk;

nfyd; nfy;yh; (Jizg; g hlk; )

209) m n k h p f ; f h t p d ; G f o ; n g w ; w vOj;jhsuhfTk; murpay; fhJfs; Nfsh> tha; N grhJ. 212) nfyd; nfy;yUf;F MW tajhd NghJ ahUila cjtpahy; ‘ngh;fpd;]; gs;spapy;’ Nrh;e;jhh;? mnyf; r hz; l h; fpufhk; n gy; 213) nfydpd; Mrphpah; ahh;? md; d pry; y pthd; 214) gh];ldpy; cs;s ______ fhJ NfshNjhUf; f hd gs; s papYk; > epa+ahh;ff ; py; cs;s ______ gs;sp apYk; Kiwg;gb gapd;whh;. N`hu]; k hd; iul; ` {khrd; 215) nfyd;> ve;j Kiwapy; vOjTk; gbf;fTk; fw;whh;? gpnua; y p 216) Mrphpia md;dp mspj;j gaw;rpapd; gadhf> ve;jf; fy;Y}hp EioTj; Njh;tpy; ntw;wp ngw;W> ,sq;fiyg;gl;l tFg;gpy; Nrh;ej ; J gl;lKk; ngw;whh;? Nfk; g phpl; [ ; nul; f psp/g; 217) fz;zpoe;NjhUf;Fk;> fhJNfsh Njhh;fF ; k; my;Yk; gfYk; mauhJ cioj;jth; ahh;? nfyd; 150


218) ______ epjp vd xd; w idj; njhlq;fp> mjpy; Nrh;ej ; njhifahd &gha; xd;wiuf; Nfhbia mg;gs;spfSf;F toq;fpdhh;. nfyd; nfy;yh; epjp 219) ghh;itaw;NwhUf;nfd ve;j E}yfk; xd; w id cUthf; f p> cyfk; KOtjpYk; ,Ue;J E}y;fs; te;J Ftpa Vw;ghL nra;jhh;. Njrpa E}yfk;. 220) “tho; f ; i fapy; ,og; G vd; g Nj ,y;iy@ xd;W Nghdhy; ,d;ndhd;W tUk;. me;j ek;gpf;ifapUe;jhy; tho;fi ; f ntWik MfhJ” vdf; $wpath; ahh;? nfyd; 221) ePqf ; s; fz;ghh;it mw;wtuhfTk; fhJ NfshjtuhfTk; ,Ue;Jk; $l vg;gb cq;fshy; rhjpf;f Kbe;jJ vd nfydplk; Nfl;lJ ahh;? tpf; N lhhpah kfhuhzp 222) Mrphpah; md; d p ve; j Mz; L ,we;jhh;? 1930 Mk; Mz;L 223) md;dp ,we;j gpwF nfyd; ahH cjtpAld; tho;e;jhh;? ghyp jhk;rd; 224) nfyd; ve;j efhpd; Gfo; ngw;w ngz;kzpahfj; jpfo;e;jhh;? th\pq; l d; 225) nfyd; nfy;yh; xU ehs; flTspd; mUshy; vj;jid ehs; kl;L ; Nk jkf;Fg; ghh;it fpl;bajhff; fdT fz;lhh;? %d;W ehs; kl;Lk;

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www.kalvisolai.com 226) Kjy; ehs; nfyd; nfy; y h; ghh;j;jJ ahh;? Mrphpah; 227) ,uz;lhtJ ehs; nfyd; nfy;yh; ______ Njhd;Wtjidf; fz;lhh;. fjputd; 228) nfyd; ahUila Gfo; ngw; w fiyQh; f spd; Xtpaq; f isAk; fiyg; nghUs; f isAk; fz; L kfpo;e;jth; ahH? ypadhh; Nlh lhtpd; r p 229) nfyd; ahUila ehlfj; i jg; ghh;j;jhh;. nrfg; g phpaUila 230) %d;whtJ ehs; ghh;j;jhit? efhpd; fpof;Fg; gf;fj;jpYs;s Mw;Wg;ghyj;ij cw;W Nehf;fpdhh;. epa+ahh;f;fpy; cs;s fk;gPukhd ,ul;ilf; NfhGuf; fl;l lj;ijf; fz;L fspj;jhh;. kf;fspd; Kfj;jpy; ntspg;gLk; kfpo; r ; r p> Jd; g j; i jg; ghh; j ; J Ghpe;Jf; nfhz;lhh;. 231) Fwpg;G:1880 #d; 27 ,y; mnkhpff ; htpYs;s myghkh khfhzj;jpy; J];Fk;gp ahtpy; gpwe;J> rhjidahsuhfj; jpfo;ej ; nfyd;> 1968 Mk; Mz;L #d; Kjy; ehs; ,t;Tyf tho;it ePjj ; hh;. mtuJ cly; th\pql ; dpy; md; d p> ghyp MfpNahuJ cly;fSf;F mUNf ey;ylf;fk; nra;ag;gl;lJ.

232) cyfpd; vl;lhtJ mjprak; vdg; ghuhl;lg; ngw;wth; ahh;? nfyd; nfy;yh; 233) ghh; i taw; N whUf; f hd vOj; J Kiwia cUthf;fpath; ahh;? gpnua; y p

ngah;r;nrhy; (,yf;fzk;) njhopw; n gah;

234) ngah;r; nrhw;fs;> tpidr; nrhw;fs;> njhopw; ngah;fisf; $Wf? khjtp> Nfhtyd; - ngah;rn ; rhw;fs; fz;L> kfpoe ; j ; hd; - tpidr;nrhw;fs; Mly; - vd;gJ njhopw;ngah; 235) Mly; gphpj;njOJf: ML + my; 236) njhopw; n gaiuf; Fwpf; f tUk; tpFjpfs;:jy;>my;> mk;> I> if> it> F> G> c> jp> rp> tp> cs;> fhL> ghL> muT> Mid> ik> J vd;gd. 237) ngWjy; = ngW + jy; Ml;lk; = ML + mk; gwit = gw + it Nghf;F = Ngh + F Njhw;wuT = Njhw;W + muT gha;jJ ; = gha; + J Nfhly; = NfhL + my; tho;fi ; f = tho; + if Gspg;G = Gsp + G tuT = tu + c Nfhl;ghL = Nfhs; + ghL Nfshid = Nfs; + Mid

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www.kalvisolai.com 238) njhopw;ngah; tiffs; ahit? njhopw; n gah; ,Utifg; g Lk; 1). Kjdpiyj; njhopw;ngah; 2). Kjdpiy jphpe;j njhopw;ngah; 239) Kjdpiyj; njhopw;ngah; vd;why; vd;d? njhopwn ; gah; tpFjpfNs ,y;yhky;> gFjp kl;Lk; te;J> njhopiy czh;j;JtJ Kjdpiyj; njhopw; ngah; . 240) Kjdpiy jphpe;j njhopw;ngah; vd;why; vd;d? njhopw;ngahpd; Kjdpiyahfpa gFjp jphpe;J tUtJ Kjdpiy jphpe;j njhopw; ngauhFk;. 241) tpidahyizAk; ngah; vd;why; vd;d? tpidKw;W> tpidiaf; Fwpf;fhky; tpid nra;jtiuf; Fwpg;gJ tpidahyizAk; ngah; . 242) njhopw;ngah;fF ; k;> tpidahyiz Ak; ngah;fF ; k; cs;s NtWghLfs; njhopw; n gah; tpidahyizAk; ngah ; njhopYf;Fg;

ngauha; tUk;.

njhopy; nra; g tUf; F g;

ngauha; tUk;.

glHf;if ,lj;jpy; %tplq;fspYk; tUk;. tUk;.

fhyq;fhl;lhJ.

Kf;fhyj;ijAk; fhl;Lk;.

243) gz;Gg; ngah; vjd; mbg;gilapy; Njhd;Wk;? gz;ig czh;jJ ; k; ngah; gz;Gg; ngah; . mWtifg; ngah; f Ss;

xd;whd gz;Gg; ngah; epwk;> Rit> msT> tbtk; Mfpatw; w pd; mbg;gilapy; Njhd;Wk;. 1. nrk;ik> ntz;ik> fUik - epwg; gz;G 2. tl;lk;> rJuk;> $k;G> nrt;tfk; - tbtg;gz;G 3. xd;W> miu> fpNyhkPll ; h; - msTg; gz;G 4. fhuk;> Gspg;G> ,dpg;G - Ritg; gz;G 244) gz;Gg; ngah; tpFjpfs; ik> I> rp> G> c> F> wp> W> mk;> eh;> gk;> J> kd;> ,y; vd;gd gz;Gg; ngah; tpFjpfs;. 245) Ntw;Wik cUNgw;Fk; NghJ jphpAk; ngah;fs;? Ntw;Wik cUGfs; I> My;> F> ,d;> mJ> fz; vd;gd. ,tw;iwf; FwpjJ ; Kd; tFg;gpy; njspthfg; gbj;jpUg;gPh;fs;. mit jd;ik> Kd;dpiy> glh;fi ; f Mfpa %tplg; ngah;fis Vw;W tUk;NghJ vt;thW jphpAk; vd;gJ FwpjJ ; f; fhzyhk;. 246) jd;ikg; ngah;fs; Ntw;Wik cUG Vw;Fk;NghJ? ahd; + I = vd;id ahd; + My; = vd;dhy; ahd; + F = vdf;F> ahd; ahd; +,d; = vd;dpd; ahd; + mJ = vdJ ahd; + fz; = vd;fz; vdj; jpupAk;

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www.kalvisolai.com 247) Kd;dpiyg; ngah;fs; Ntw;Wik cUG Vw;Fk;NghJ eP + I = epd;id> cd;id eP + My; = epd;dhy;> cd;dhy; eP + F = epdf;F> cdf;F> eP eP + ,d; = epd;dpd;> cd;dpd; eP + mJ = epdJ> cdJ eP + fz; = epd;fz;> cd;fz; vdj; jpupAk; 248) glh;f;ifg; ngah;fs; Ntw;Wik cUG Vw;Fk;NghJ jhd; + I = jd;id jhd; + My; = jd;dhy; jhd; + F = jdf;F> jhd; jhd; + ,d; = jd;dpd; jhd; + mJ = jdJ jhd; + fz; = jd;fz; vdj; jpupAk; 249) chpa tpiliaj; Njh;e;njOJf:1. njhopw; ngahpd; gFjp jphpe;J tUk; ngah; _____ Kjdpiy jphpe;j njhopw;ngah; 2. fhl;rp vd;Dk; njhopw;ngah; _____ vdg; gphpAk;. fhz; + rp 3. khl;rp vd;gJ _____ MFk;. gz; G g; n gah; 4. ‘te;jhd;’ vd;Dk; tpidKw;W _____ vd tpidahyizAk; ngauha; tUk;. te;jtd; 250) nghUj;Jf:1. njhopw;ngah; - #L 2. Kjdpiy jphpe;j njhopw;ngah; - tUjy;

3. gz;Gg;ngah; - ed;wp 4. tpidahyizAk; ngah; mfo;thh; 251) epug;Gf:1. gFjp kl;Lk; njhopiyf; Fwpg;gJ _____ Kjdpiyj; njhopw; n gah; 2. tuT vd;Dk; njhopw;ngahpd; tpFjp _____ vJTkpy;iy. 3. tl;lk; vd;gJ _____ ngah; MFk;. tbtg; g z; G 4. eP vDk; Kd;dpiyg; ngah; cUNgw;Fk; NghJ _____ vdj; jphpAk;. cd;


252) Ie;jpizfs; ahit? FwpQ;rpj;jpiz> Ky;iyj;jpiz> kUjj;jpiz> nea;jy; jpiz> ghiyj; j piz. 1. Kf;fdp – khq;fdp> gyhf;fdp> thiof;fdp 2. ehw;gil - Njh;gg; il> ahidg;gil> Fjpiug;gil> fhyhl;gil. 3. Ie;jpyf;fzk; - vOj;jpyf;fzk;> nrhy;ypf;fzk;> nghUspyf;fzk;> ahg;gpyf;fzk;> mzpapyf;fzk;. 4. mWRit - ,dpg;Gr;Rit> frg;Gr; Rit> fhh;gG ; r;Rit> Jth;gG ; r;Rit> ctHg;Gr; Rit> Gspg;Gr; Rit

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www.kalvisolai.com 253) ,izahd jkpo;g; gonkhopia mwpf: 1. In a fiddler’s house all are dancers fk;gd; tPlL ; f; fl;Lj;jwpAk; ftp ghLk; 2. No man can flay a stone fy;ypNy ehh; chpf;f KbAkh? 3. Difficulties give way to diligence fiug; g hh; fiuj; j hy; fy; Y k; fiuAk;. 4. Command your man and do it your self ntz; n zia itj; J f; n fhz; L nea;f;F miythNdd; 5. Charity is a double blessing jUkk; jiy fhf;Fk;

,ay; ehd;F nra;As; - jpUf;Fws;

254) nrhw;nghUs; 1. nrtpr;nry;tk; - Nfs;tpr; nry;tk; 2. jiy - Kjd;ik 3. Ngho;J - nghOJ 4. Nfs;tp> gz;G> Mfpatw;wpy; rpwe;Njhh;. 7. xg;gh; - xg;ghth; 8. xw;fk; - jsh;rr ; p 9. Cw;W - Cd;W Nfhy; 10. Cw;Wf;Nfhy; - Cd;WNfhy; 11. mw;Nw - Nghd;wNj 12. vidj;jhDk; - vt;tsT rpwpNj 154 MapDk;


13. midj;jhDk; - Nfl;l mstpwF ; 14. Md;w - epiwe;j 15. gpioj;Jzh;e;Jk; - jtwhf czh;ej ; pUe;jhYk; 16. Ngijik - mwpahikapd; ghw;gl;l jPa nrhw;fs;. 17. ,ioj;Jzh;e;J - El;gkhf Muha;e;J 18. xOf;fk; - njhopw; ngah;fs; 5. Cw;Wf;Nfhy; - Cd;W Nfhy; vd;gjd; typj;jy; tpfhuk; 6. Md;w ngUik - nganur;rk; 7. Nfshj; jifaNt - 133. ,jd; $l;Lj; njhif VO. nkhj;j Fwl;ghf;fs; 1330. ,jd; $l;Lj; njhifAk; VO.

rP l ; L f; f tp

261) Vlhapuq; Nfhb vOjhJ - vd; rPl;Lf;ftpg; ghliy ghbath; ahh;? me; j ff; f tp tP u uhfth; . 262) ghl;birf;fhj fe;jUtk; (,ir)> vwpaKbahj fe; J fk; (ge; J )> $h;ik kOq;fhj Nfhzk; (thl; gil)> gwf;fhj nfhf;F> mdy; tPrhj Nfhil (Ntdpwf ; hyk;)> nfhba gilf;fyk; Nghd;W gpbahj Fe;jk; (#yk;)> mzpahj ghlyk; (ghjphpg; g+)> g+thj kh (khkuk;)> kyh;khiy mzpahj rbyk; (ril)> nrhy;ypaijj; jpUg;gpr; nrhy;yhj fps;is (fpsp) xd;widf; fhz;Nghh; vy;yhk; GfOkhW mDg;gp itf;f Ntz;LfpNwd;. 263) fe; j Utk; > fe; J fk; > Nfhzk; > nfhf;F> Nfhil> Fe;jk;> ghlyk;> rbyk; > fps; i s vd; g d vij Fwpf;Fk; gy ngah;fs;. Fjpiu

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www.kalvisolai.com 264) nrhw;nghUs;:1. fe;Jfk; - ge;J 2. Nfhzk; - thl;gil 3. Fe;jk; - #yk; 4. Nfhil - Ntdpw;fhyk; 5. ghlyk; - ghjphpg; g+ 6. kh - khkuk; 7. rbyk; - ril 8. fps;is - fpsp 265) ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;G:1. gbj;j tpufd;> jPHj;j nropad; - nganur;rq;fs; 2. ghlhj> gwthj> #lhj - vjph; kiwg; nganur;rq;fs; 3. vjphpyhf; ftp - nghd; tpise;j fsj; J }hpy; tho; e ; j th; . ,thpd; je;ijahh; tLfehjh;. tPuuhfth; gpwtpapNyNa fz;nzhsp ,oe;jth;. vdpDk; Nfs;tpawptpd; thapyhff; fy; t p gapd; w hh; . ,th; > VLfs; vOjhky; jk; kdj;jpNyNa vOjpg; gbj;Njd; vdj; jhNk $Wtjp ypUe;J> mth; fw;gjw;F vLj;Jf; nfhz; l Kaw; r pia vz; z p tpaf;fj; Njhd;WfpwJ. ts;sy;fs; kP J k; rpw; w urh; f s; kP J k; gy jdpg;ghly;fisg; ghbg; ghpRfs; ngw;whh;. ,yq;if nrd;W guuhr Nrfu kd;didg; ghb xU ahid> nghw;ge;jk;> Xh;Ch; Mfpatw;iwg;

ghprpyhfg; ngw;W Ch; jpUk;gpdhh;. ,jdhy; > ,th; j k; Gfo; fly; fle;Jk; gutpw;W. ,tuJ ghly;fs; jdpgg ; hly; jpul;by; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sd. jpUf;fOf;Fd;wg; Guhzk;> jpUf; fOf;Fd;w khiy> Nra+h; KUfd; gps;isj; jkpo;> jpUth&h; cyh> re; j pu thzd; Nfhit Mfpa E}y;fis ,th; ,aw;wpAs;shh;. 267) E}w; Fwpg;G:,g; g hly; > jdpg; ghly; jpul; L vd;Dk; E}ypy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ. jkpofj;jpd; gy;NtW gFjpfspy; tho;e;j Gyth; gyh; ghba ghly;fspd; njhFg;Ng ,e;E}y;. ,jpy; E}w; W g; g j; J g; Gyth; f s; ghba Mapuj;J E}w;Wg; gjpd; %d; W ghly; f s; njhFf; f g; gl; L s; s d. tP u uhfth; ,aw; w pa Kg;gj;njhd;gJ ghly;fs; ,jpy; ,lk; ngw; W s; s d. tP u uhfth; > Nryj;J Nte;jd; nropa jiuaDf;F Fjpiu Ntz;b vOjp mDg;gpa ghly; ,J. 268) epug;Gf:1. tPuuhfth; vOjpa E}y;fSs; xd;W _____ Guhzk;. jpUf; f Of; F d; w g; 2. Xiyr;rPl;by; nra;As; tbtpy; vOjg;gLk; fbjtif _____ MFk;. rP l ; L f; f tp 3. rP l ; L f; f tpf; F _____>_____> vd;Dk; NtW ngah;fSk; cz;L. Xiyj; J }f; F > Xiyg; g hRuk;

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www.kalvisolai.com 269) nghUj;Jf:1. fe;Jfk; - ge;J 2. Fe;jk; - #yk; 3. ghlyk; - ghjphpg;g+ 4. rbyk; - ril

Mde;juq;fh; ehl;Fwpg;G (ciueil)

270) xU ehl; F wpg; g hdJ> mf; f hy epfo;Tfis ekf;Fj; njspthf vLj;Jiuf;Fk; tuyhw;W Mtzkhfj; jpfo;tJ vJ? Mde; j uq; f hpd; ehl; F wpg; G 271) ehl;FwpgG; vjw;F gjpT nra;tjw;fhfg; gad;gly; Ntz;Lk;? Fwpj; j ehspy; epfo; e ; j r%f khw;wq;fs;> murpay; epfo;Tfs;> ,aw;ifapy; Vw;gl;l Nghplh;fs;> cyfpd; rPhpa epfo;Tfs;. 272) Mde;juq;fhpd; ehl;Fwpg;G Xh; ____> _____> MtzkhfTk; kjpf; f g; ngWfpwJ. ,yf;fpakhfTk;> tuyhw;W MtzkhfTk; 273) Mde;juq;fh; ve;j Ch;> Mz;L> ehs; gpwe;jhh;? Mde;juq;fh;> nrd;idg; gpuk;g+hpy; (nguk; g +h; ) 1709 Mk; Mz; L khh;r;Rj; jpq;fs; 30 Mk; ehs; gpwe;jhh;. 274) Mde;juq;fh; ve;j tajpy; jhia ,oe;jhh;. jk; %d;W tajpy; 275) ahhplk; Mde;juq;fh; fy;tp gapdw ; hh;? vk;ghh; vd;ghhplk; fy;tp gapd;whh;.

276) Mde;juq;fh; je;ij> ikj;Jdhpd; ngah;? jpUNtq; f lk; > iedpag; g hpd; 277) Mde;juq;fh; muRg; gzpapy; cjtp ahsuhfr; Nrh;e;J> ehsiltpy; _____ gjtp cah;T ngw;whh;. jpthdhfg; 278) Mde;juq;fh; fy;tp fw;w gpd;dh; vd;d elj;jp te;jhh;? ghf;Ff; fplq;;F 279) ‘Ja;g;nsf;R’ vd;Dk; MSehpd; nkhop ngah;g;ghsh; (Jghrp) ,we;j jdhy; gd;nkhopawpT ngw;w ahiu mg;gzpf;F epakpf;fg;gl;lhh;? Mde; j uq; f h; 280) Mde;juq;fh; Jghrpahfg; gzpahw;wpa fhyj;jpy; ve;j Mz;L ehl;Fwpg;G vOjpAs;shh;? 1736 Mk; Mz;L Kjy; 1761 Mk; Mz; L tiu Vwj; j ho ,Ugj;ije;J Mz;Lfs;. 281) ehl;Fwpg;Gf;F Mde;juq;fh; vd;d ngahpl;lhh;? jpdg;gb nra;jpf; Fwpg;G> nrh]; j ypfpjk; 282) Mde;juq;fh; ehl;Fwpg;gpd; ngUk; gFjp ve;j nra;jpfisNa tpthpf;fpd;wd. thzpfr; nra;jp 283) JiwKf efuq; f spy; thOk; kf;fspd; tUtha;f;F mbg;gil aha; miktJ mq;F tUk; _____ Nghf;Ftuj;Nj. fg; g y; f spd; Nghf; F tuj; J

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www.kalvisolai.com 284) 1. nrh];j - njspe;j my;yJ chpikAila vd;gJ nghUs; 2. ypfpjk; - fbjk; my;yJ Mtzk; 3. tsT - tPL 4. Jghrp - ,Unkhopg; GyikAila th; (nkhop ngah;g;ghsh;) 285) Mde; j uq; f hpd; ehl; F wpg; g hdJ> mf;fhyj;jpy; _____ vLj;Jiuf; fpd;wJ. Ngr; R j; j kpo; > nrhw; f s; > nrhw; nwhlh; f s; kw; W k; ,yf; f zf; $Wfis vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wJ. 286) gpnuQ;Rf; fhuh;fSf;Fk; ,e;jpa kd;dh;fSf;Fk; ,ilNa ghykhf ,Ue;jth; ahh;? Mde; j uq; f h; 287) Krgh; rq;> Mde;juq;fUf;F 1749 Mk; Mz;L %thapuk; Fjpiufis toq;fp mtUf;F _____ vd;Dk; gl;lj;ijAk; toq;fpdhh;? kd; R Ngjhh; 288) nrq;fw;gl;Lf; Nfhl;ilf;Fj; jsgjp ahfTk; mk;khtl;lk; OOikf;Fk; _____ fTk; epakdk; ngw;whh;? [hfP h ; j huuhfTk; 289) _____ gzpahw; W Nthh; jko; kf;fspd; jiytuhf mwptpf;fg; gLth;? Jghrp 290) Mde; j uq; f Uf; F j; jdpg; g l; l chpikfs; ahh; Ml;rpapy; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ toq;fg;gl;bUe;jd? Ja; g ; N s

291) Mde;juq;fiu ,e;jpahtpd; _____ vdTk;> _____ vdTk;> mwpQh; Nghw;Wfpd;wdh;? ngg;gpR> ehl;Fwpg;G Nte;jh; 292) il]; vd;Dk; ,yj;jd P ; nrhy;Yf;F ehs; vd;gJ nghUs;. ,jpypUe;Nj ilhpak; vd;Dk; ,yj;jPd; nrhy; cUthdJ. ,r;nrhy;Yf;F ehl; Fwpg;G vd;gJ nghUs;. ,jpypUe;Nj ilhp vd;Dk; Mq;fpyr; nrhy; cUthdJ. 293) Mde;juq;fh; FwpjJ ; ntspte;Js;s ,yf;fpaq;fs;:Mde;juq;ff; Nfhit - jpahfuhr Njrpfh; Mde;juq;fd; jdpgg ; hly;fs; fs;td; nehz;br; rpe;J Mde; j uq; f d; gps; i sj; j kpo; mhpkjp njd;dfd; Mde;juq;fh; Gjpdq;fs; Mde;juq;f tp[ark;G - rPdpthrf; ftp (tlnkhop) Mde;juq; uhl;re;jK - f];J}hpuq; ff;ftp (njYq;F)

,yf; f zk; nrhy; (gfhg;gjk;> gFgjk;)

294) nrhy; vd;why; vd;d? Xh; vOj;J> jdpj;NjDk; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l vOj;Jfs; njhlh;eN; jDk; xU nghUis czh;jJ ; khdhy;> mJ> nrhy; vdg;gLk;. 295) nrhy; vd;gjd; NtW ngah;fs; ahit? gjk;> nkhop> fpstp

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www.kalvisolai.com 296) gjk; gfhg;gjk;> gFgjk; vd ,U tifg;gLk;. 297) gfhg;gjk; vd;why; vd;d? gphpj;jhy; nghUs; juhj nrhy; gfhg;gjk; vdg;gLk;. 298) gfhg;gjk; vj;jid tifg;gLk;? mit ahit? gfhg;gjk; ehd;F tifg;gLk; mitngah;> tpid> ,il> chp. 299) gFg;gjj;jpd; gphpTfs; gFjp> tpFjp> ,ilepiy. 300) gFgjk; vj; j id tifg; g Lk; ? mit ahit? ngah; g ; g Fgjk; > tpidg; g Fgjk; vd ,U tifg;gLk;. 301) ngah;gg ; Fgjk; vj;jid tifg;gLk;? mit ahit? nghUs; > ,lk; > fhyk; > rpid> Fzk; > njhopy; vDk; Mwd; mbahfj; Njhd; W tJ. 302) tpidg;gFgjk; vd;gJ vd;d? gFjp> tpFjp> ,ilepiy Kjyp adthfg; gFf;fg;gLk; tpidKw;W> tpidg; g Fgjk; vdg; g Lk; . 303) gFgj cWg;Gfs; vj;jid cs;sd? gFgj cWg;Gfs; MW cWg;Gfs; mitgFjp> tpFjp> ,ilepiy> re;jp> rhhpia> tpfhuk; . 304) gFjp gFgjj;jpy; Kjypy; epd;W nghUs; jUk; Kjdpiyiag; gFjp

305) tpFjp gFgjj; j py; ,Wjpapy; epd; W tpFjp vdg; g Lk; ,J jpiz> ghy;> vz;> ,lk; Mfpatw;iwf; fhl; L k; . 306) ,ilepiy gFjpf;Fk; tpFjpf;Fk; ,ilapy; tUtJ ,liepiy vdg;gLk;. 1. epfo;fhy ,ilepiyfs; 2. ,we;jfhy ,ilepiyfs; 3. vjph;fhy ,ilepiyfs; 4. vjph;kiw ,ilepiyfs; 307) re;jp gFjpf;Fk; ,ilepiyf;Fk; ,ilapy; te;J re;jpf;f itg;gJ re; j p. 308) rhhpia ngah; r ; n rhy; i yAk; > tpidr; nrhy; i yAk; rhh; e ; J tUtJ rhhpia vdg; g Lk; . 309) tpfhuk; -gFjp> ,ilepiy> tpFjp Nghd;wit NrUk; NghJ ,ilapy; Vw;gLk; khWghL tpfhuk; vdg;gLk;. 310) chpa tpiliaj; Njh;e;njOJf:1. _____ vd;gJ ngah;g;gFgjk; MFk;. tpil 2. ,ilr;nrhw;fs; _____ gjk; MFk;. tpil: 3. kJiuahd; _____ngah;gg ; Fgjk; MFk;. tpil:

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www.kalvisolai.com 4. gFgjj;jpy; Fiwe;jsT ,Uf;f Ntz;ba cWg;Gfs; _____ tpil: 5. Vty; tpidahf miktJ _____ MFk;. tpil: 6. ‘,y;’ vd;dk; vjph;kiw ,il epiy mike;Js;s tpidr;nrhy; tpil: 7. nra; j hd; - ,r; n rhy; y py; mike;Js;s ,ilepiy _____ tpil: 311) nghUj;Jf:m) 1) nghUl;ngah;g; gFgjk; -- nrd;idahd; 2) ,lg;ngah;g; gFgjk; -- %f;fd; 3) fhyg;ngah;g; gFgjk; -- nghd;dd; 4. rpidg; n gah; g ; gFgjk; -rpj;jpiuahd; tpil: M) nrhy; -- ,ilepiy 1. tUthd; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy (j;) 2. fhzhd; - epfo;fhy ,ilepiy (fpW) 3. ghh;jj ; hd; - vjph;fhy ,ilepiy (t;) 4. elf;fpwhd; - vjphk ; iw ,ilepiy (M) tpil:


312) nrhw;fis tifg;gLj;Jjy; ngah;> tpid> ,il> chpr;nrhw; fisf; fz;lwpe;J tifg;gLj;jy;

Ntz;Lk;. khh;fop> ele;jhd;> ck;> rhy> ghbdhd; > kapyk; > cW> vd;W> fb> nfhy;> mk;k. ngah;r;nrhw;fs; - khh;fop> kapyk; tpidr;nrhw;fs; - ele;jhd;> ghbdhd; ,ilr;nrhw;fs; - ck;> vd;W> nfhy;> mk;k chpr;nrhw;fs; - rhy> cW> fb 313) tifg;gLj;Jf:jhkiu> fhy;> jt> vOjpdhd;> Mdhy;> ntd;whd;> kw;Wk; rhy ngah;rn ; rhy; tpidr;nrhy; ,ilr; nrhy; chpr;nrhy; ngaHnrhy;:- jhkiu> fhy; tpidr; nrhy;:- vOjpdhd;> ntd;whd; ,ilr;nrhy;:- Mdhy;> kw;Wk; cupr; nrhy;:- jt> rhy 314) xUnghUs; Fwpj;j gy nrhw;fSf;F (v.fh) moF - nghypT> vopy;> tdg;G ,uf;fk; - mUs;> ghpT> fUiz fpsp - jj;ij> Rfk;> fps;is kiy - ntw;G> rpyk;G> nghUg;G fjputd; - #hpad; > gfytd; > QhapW. 315) fPo;f;fhZk; xU nghUs; Fwpj;j gy nrhw;fis vOJf:tay; -- ----------->----------->----------fly; -- Mop> MHfsp> Ke;ePH neUg;G -- jP> fdy; 316) jkpo;r;nrhy; 1. rk];jhdk; - muR 2. Kf;fpa];jh; - Kjd;ikahdth; 3. rpdpkhjpNal;lh; - jpiuauq;fk;

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www.kalvisolai.com 4. fhh; - kfpOe;J 5. VNuhg;gpNsd; - thD}h;jp 6. ,yhfh - Jiw 7. mg;ghapz;l; - gzp mkh;j;jy; 8. gpujhdk; - Kjd;ik 9. tpQ;Qhdk; - mwptpay; 10. g]; - NgUe;J 11. ,uapy; - njhlh;tz;b 12. f[hdh - fUt+yk; 13. cj;jpNahf];jh; - mYtyh; 14. bghh; l ; n kz; l y; ]; N lhh; gynghUs; mq;fhb 317) ,u\;a ehl;bd; Gfo;ngw;w vOj;jhsh; ahh;? ypNah lhy; ] ; l ha; 318) ,izahd jkpo; g ; g onkhopia mwpf: 1. one flower makes no garland jdpkuk; Njhg;ghfhJ 2. little wealth little care kbapy; fdkpy;iynad;why; topapy; gakpy;iy 3. Look before you leap Mok; mwpahky; fhiy tplhNj 4. Some thing is better than nothing Miyapy;yh CUf;F ,Yg;igg; g+ rh;f;fiu 5. Though he endeavours all he can Gypiag; ghh;jJ ; g; g+id #LNghl;Lf; nfhz;lhw; Nghy;

,ay; Ie;J - nra;As; Kj; n jhs; s hapuk;

319) nrhw;nghUs; 1. ca;kk ; pd; - gpioj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs; 2. ky;yy; - tsik 3. ts; - neUf;fk; 4. tpRk;G - thdk; 5. GwT - Gwh 6. epiw - vil 7. gioa ciu E}y;fspy; Nkw; N fhs; f shf ,Ugj; j puz; L ntz; g hf; f Sk; fpilj; J s; s d. %Nte;jh;fspd; Ml;rpr;rpwg;G> gilr; rpwg;G> Nghh;jj ; pwd; nfhil Kjypa nra;jpfis ,g;ghly;fs; tpsf;Ffpd;wd. rpwe;j ,yf;fpa eaKk; fw;gid tsKk; epiwe;j E}yhf Kj;njhs;shapuk; jpfo;fpwJ. ,e;E}ypd; Mrphpah; ngah; njhpa tpy;iy. 324) chpa tpiliaj; Njh;e;njOJf:1. Nru kd;dhpd; milahsr; rpd;dk; _____ tpy; 2. Nrho kd;dd; _____ tpidf; fhf;f> jd; jiria mspj;jhd;. Gwh

3. khh;Nghiyapy; vOJk; vOj; jhzp _____ je; j k; 325) nghUj;Jf:1. tpRk;G - thdk; 2. Jiy - Jyhf;Nfhy; 3. kUg;G - je;jk; 4. fdy; - neUg;G 5. fspW - ahid

fypq; f j; J g; g uzp raq; n fhz; l hh;

326) nrhw;nghUs; 1. jPapd;tha; - neUg;gpy; 2. rpe;ij - vz;zk; 3. $u - kpf 4. et;tp - khd; 5. Kfpy; - Nkfk; 6. kjp - epyT 7. cF - nrhhpe;j(nghope;j) 8. Gdy; - ePh; 327) ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;G:1) nte;J> cyh;e;J> vdh> $u> tpidnar;rq;fs; 2. $u - tpidnar;rq;fs; 3. nre;eha; - gz;Gj; njhif 4. fUKfpYk; > ntz; k jpAk; vz;Zk;ik 5. fUKfpy;> ntz;kjp - gz;Gj; njhiffs; 6. flf;f Xb> ,isj;J - tpid nar;rq;fs; 7. tpah;jj ; tpah;td;Nwh - nganur;rk;

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www.kalvisolai.com 328) gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; :1. cyh;e;J - cyh; + j;(e;) + j; + c cyh; - gFjp j; - re;jp j; - e; MdJ tpfhuk; j; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy c - tpidnar;rtpFjp 329) gphpj;jwpjy; :1. thapdPh; - thapd; + ePh; 2. nte;Jyh;eJ ; - nte;J + cyh;eJ ; 3. fhbjid - fhL + ,jid 4. fUKfpy; - fUik + Kfpy; 5. ntz;kjp - ntz;ik + kjp 330) Mrphpah; Fwpg; G :fypq;fj;Jg; guzpia ,aw;wpath; raq;nfhz;lhh;. ,th;> jpUth&h; khtl;lj;jpYs;s jPgq;Fb vd;Dk; Chpdh; . Kjy; FNyhj; J q; f r; Nrhodpd; muritg; Gytuhfj; jpfo; e ; j th; . guzpf; N fhh; raq; nfhz;lhh; vdg; gygl;lilr; nrhf;f ehjg; Gyth; ghuhl; b As; s hh; . ,irahapuk;> cyhkly; Mfpa E}y;fisAk; ,aw;wpAs;shh;. ,tuJ fhyk; fp.gp gd;dpuz;lhk; E}w;whz;L. 331) E}w; Fwpg;G:Mapuf; f zf; f hd ahidfisg; Nghhpy; nfhd;w tPuidg; Gfo;e;J ghLk; ,yf; f paj; j pw; F g; guzp vd;gJ ngah;. ,J njhz;Z}w;whW tif rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fSs; xd;W. guzp ,yf;fpaq;fSs; jkpopy;

Njhd;wpa Kjy; E}y; fypq;fj;Jg; guzp. fypq;f kd;dd; mde;j gd;kd; kPJ Kjy; FNyhj;Jq;fr; Nrhod; Nghh; n jhLj; J ntw; w p ngw;whd;. mt;ntw;wpiag; ghuhl;b vOe;j ,e; E }y; Njhy; t pAw; w fypq; f ehl;bd; ngauhy; mike;Js;sJ. ,e;E}y; Ie;E}w;Wj; njhz;Z}w;nwhd;gJ jhopirfs; cs;sd. raq; nfhz;lhhpd; rkfhyg; Gytuhd xl;lf; $j;jh; ,e;E}iyj; njd;jkpoj ; ; nja;tg;guzp vdg; Gfo;e;Js;shh;. 332) guzp ,yf;fpaq;fs; 1. jf; f ahfg; g uzp> 2. Nkhftijg; g uzp> 3. rPdj;Jg;guzp> 4. tq;fj;Jg;guzp> 5. ghrtijg; g uzp> 6. jpuhtplj; J g; g uzp. 333) chpa tpiliaj; Njh;e;njOJf:1. jkpopy; Njhd;wpa Kjy; guzp ,yf;fpak; _____ fypq; f j; J g; g uzp 2. fypq;fj;Jg; guzpia ,aw;wpath; _____ raq; n fhz; l hh; 3. et;tp - ,r;nrhy;ypd; nghUs; _____ khd; 4. rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fs; ___ tifg;gLk;. 96

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www.kalvisolai.com 334) nghUj;Jf:1. rpe;ij - vz;zk; 2. et;tp - khd; 3. Kfpy; - Nkfk; 4. Gdy; - ePH 5. cUFjy; - nrhhpjy;

cyfshtpa jkpoh; (ciueil)

335) c y f p y ; I f ; f p a r i g a p d ; cWg;Ghpik ngw;w vj;jid ehLfs; kw;Wk; Ml;rpg;Gyq;fSk; cs;sd? E}w; W j; njhz; Z }w; W ,uz; L ehLfSk; ehw;gj;J %d;W Ml;rpg; Gyq; f Sk; Mf ,U E}w; W Kg;gj;ije;J ehLfs;. 336) Vwj; j ho E}w; i wk; g j; J ehd; F ehLfspy; _____ ,dk; gutpAs;sJ. jkpopdk; 337) j k p o h ; f s ; m a y ; e h L f S f ; F nry;tjw;fhd fhuzk;? thzpfk; > Ntiytha; g ; G 338) jpiuflNyhbAk; jputpak; NjL vd;wth; ahh;? xsitahh; 339) rhJtd; thzpfk; nra;Ak; nghUl;Lf; fly; fle;J nrd;w Fwpg;G vjpy; cs;sJ. kzpNkfiy 340) gug;gstpy; rpwpajhd ve;j jPtpy; tho; g th; f Ss; ngUk; ghd; i k kf;fs; jkpoh;? Hpa+dpad; jP t py;

341) gpnuQ;Rf; fhuh;fshy; GJr;Nrhp> fhiuf; f hy; > gFjpfspypUe; J xg;ge;jf; $ypfshf ahiu Fbakh;j; jg;gl;lhh;fs;? jkpoh; 342) gpuhd;R ehl;bd; xU gFjpahff; fUjg; g Lk; mj; j P t py; thOk; jkpoh;fs; ve;j nkhopapy; NgRfpwhh;fs;? gpnuQ; R nkhopapy; 343) ,yq; i fapy; thOk; jkpoUs; vj;jid tpOf;fhl;bdh; njhlf;fg; gs;sp Kjy; gy;fiyf; fofk; tiu jkpopNyNa fy;tp gapy;fpd;wdH? njhz; Z }w; i we; J tpOf; f hL 344) ve;j ehLfspy; jkpo; xU ghlkhff; fw;gpf;fg;gLfpwJ? rpq;fg;g+h;> nkhhprpaR> kNyrpah> gp[pj; jPTfs;> njd; mnkhpf;fh> fdlh> gphpl; l d; . 345) ,yq; i f> rpq; f g; g +h; > kNyrpah Mfpa ehLfspy; _____ nkhopahfj; jkpo; jpfo;fpwJ? Ml; r p nkhopahfj; 346) _____> _____> _____> Clfq;fis cynfq;Fk; jkpoh; elj;jp tUfpd;wd. mr;R> xyp> xsp 347) jkpoh; > ehl; i l tpl; L r; nrd; w NghJk; -------------- vd;Dk; cah; Nehf;NfhL tho;e;J tUfpd;wdh;? ahJk; CNu ahtUk; Nfsph; 348) jkpoh; ve;j ehLfs; gytw;wpy; cs;shl;rpj; Njh;jy;fspy; ntw;wp

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www.kalvisolai.com ngw;W Ml;rpg; nghWg;GfisAk; tfpj;J tUfpd;wdh;. ,yq;if> kNyrpah> rpq;fg;g+h;. 349) ,e;jpahtpy; kl;Lky;yhky;> rpqf ; g;g+h>; nkhhprpaR Mfpa ehLfspy; _____ ahf jkpoh; Njh;en ; jLf;fg;gl;Ls;sdh;. FbauRj; jiyth; u hf 350) cynfq; F k; thOk; jkpoh; f s; jq;fsJ gz;ghl;L milahsq; fis kwthky; ,Ug;gJ vJ? jkpod; vd;Nwh ,dKz;L> jdpNa mtw;nfhU FzKz;L. 351) jpU tpohf;fspy; _____ vLg;gJk; _____ , O g ; g J k ; , d ; W k ; eilngWfpwJ. fhtb> Njh;

jpU.tp.fypahzRe; j dhhpd; jkpo;g;gzp (Jizg; g hlk; )

352) jpU.tp.fypahzRe; j udhh; jkJ jq;F jilaw;w Nkilg; Ngr;rhYk; ,ay;ghd nkhopeilahYk; jkpiog; gl;bnjhl;bfs; vy;yhk; gug;gpj; _____ vdg; Nghw;wg;gl;l ngUe;jifah;. jkpo; j ; n jd; w y; 353) gpwg;Gk;> fy;tpAk; jpU.tp.fypahz Re;judhh; Ch; - nrd;idf;F mUNfAs;s Js;sk; ngw;Nwhh; - tpUj;jhrydhh; - rpdd ; k;ik gpwe;j ehs; - 26.08.1883 gs;sp -- nrd;id ,uhag;Ngl;il apYs;s nt];yp gs;spapy; gbj;jhh;.

354) jpU.fypahzRe;judhh; cly; eyf; Fiwtpdhy; ,ilepd;W _____ Mz; L ,ilntspf; F g; gpwF kPz;Lk; mNj gs;spapy; Nrh;e;jhh;. ehd;F Mz;L 355) ahhplk; jkpo; gapd; W jkpo; g ; Nguhrphpauhf cah;e;jhh;? fjpiu Ntyh; 356) jpU. fypahzRe;judhh; vij fw;gjpy; Nguhh;tq; nfhz;lhh;? ,yf;fpaq;fisAk; irt rpj;jhe;j rhj; j puq; f is 357) vq; F k; jkpo; > vjpYk; jkpo; vd;gjid KO %r;rhff; nfhz;L tlnkhopr; nrhw; f s; fythky; J}a jkpopNyNa NgrTk; vOjTk; Ntz;Lk; vd typAWj;jpath; ahh;? jpU.tp.fypahz Re; j udhh; 358) jpU.tp. fypahz Re;judhh; jkpio tsh;ff ; vij ntWf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;fpwhh;? gpwnkhopia 359) fhe; j pabfs; jkpofk; te; j Nghnjy; y hk; mtuJ Nkilg; Ngr;rpid nkhop ngah;j;jth; ahh;? jpU.tp.fypahz Re; j udhh; 360) _____ eil vd; N w xU jdp eilia eilKiwg;gLj;Jk; ,tH NgRtJ NghyNt vOJtJ> vOJtJ NghyNt NgRtJ vd;Dk; Kaw;rpapy; ,th; ntw;wp fz;lth; ahh;? jpU.tp.f.eil

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www.kalvisolai.com 361) jpU.tp.f.> nty;YQ;nrhy; ,d;ik awpe;J czh;r;rpr; nrhw;fisf; Nfhj;Jf; _____ NgRtjpy; ty;yth;. Nfl;lhh;g; gpzpf;Fk; jifatha;f; NfshUk; tpUk;Gk; tz;zk; 362) jpU.tp.f tha;jj ; nkhopeil kiy vdj; jkpOyfpy; Xq;fp cah;e; Js;sJ vdf; $wpath; ahh;? nj.ngh. kP d hl; r p Re; j udhh; 363) ciueil E}y;fs; (Fwpg;G) KUfd; my;yJ moF> irtj; jpwT> irtj;jpd; rkurk;> flTl; fhl;rpAk; jhAkhdtUk;> ,uhkypq;f Rthkpfs; jpUTs;sk;> jkpo; ehLk; ek;kho;thUk;> ehad;khh; tuyhW jkpo; E}y;fspy; ngsj;jk;> fhjyh? Kbah? rPHjpUj;jkh? vd; fld; gzpnra;J fplg;gNj> ,e;jpahTk; tpLjiyAk; > jkpo; r ; Nrhiy> cs;nshsp vd;gd ,th; ,aw;wpa ,d;d gpw ciueil E}y;fs;. 364) nra;As; E}y;fs;:KUfd; mUs;Ntl;ly;> jpUkhy; mUs;Ntl;ly;> fpwpj;Jtpd; mUs; Ntl;ly;> mUfd; mUNf> chpik Ntl; l y; > nghJik Ntl; l y; > nghUSk; mUSk; my;yJ khh;fr ; paKk; fhe;jpaKk; Mfpad ,tuJ nra;As; E}y;fs;. 365) ve; j ,jo; f spd; thapyhfj; njhopyhsh; Kd;Ndw;wk; ngwg; ghLgl;lth;? Njr gf;jd;> etrf;jp 166


366) jpU.tp.f. vOgJ tajhfp fly; jsh;eJ ; gLf;ifapy; ,Ue;j NghJk; tsh; r ; r pAk; tho; T k; my; y J gLf;ifg; gpjw;wy; vd;Dk; E}iy ahUila cjtpAld; ntspapl;lhh;? K.tujuhrdhhpd; 367) jpU.tp.ftpd; kidtpapd; ngah; vd;d? fkyhk; g pif mk; i kahiu 368) jpU.tp.f ve;j Mz;L jkpo; %r;Rf;F tpilj;je;jhh;? 1953 Mk; Mz; L nrg; l k; g h; jpq;fs; gjpNdohk; ehs; jkJ vOgj;Njhuk; tajpy; ,we;jhh;.

tohepiy> tO> tOtikjp (,yf; f zk; )

369) tohepiy vd;why; vd;d? ,yf;fz Kiwg;gb Fw;wkpy;yhJ NgRtJk; vOJtJk; tohepiy vdg;gLk;. 370) tohepiy vj;jid tifg;gLk;? mit ahit? tohepiy MW tifg;gLk; mit: 1. jpiz tohepiy> 2. ghy; tohepiy> 3. ,l tohepiy> 4. fhy tohepiy> 5. tpdh tohepiy> 6. tpil tohepiy. 371) tOepiy vd;why; vd;d? ,yf;fz Kiwapd;wpg; NgRtJk; vOJtJk; tO vdg;gLk;. 372) tO vj;jid tifg;gLk;? mit ahit? tO VO tifg;gLk;

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www.kalvisolai.com mit: 1. jpiz tO> 2. ghy; tO> 3. ,l tO> 4. fhy tO> 5. tpdh tO> 6. tpil tO> 7. kuG tO. 373) tohepiy MW tiffspd; (v.fh) 1. jpiz tohepiy -nry;tpghbdhs;> khLte;jJ 2. ghy; tohepiy - fz;zd;te;jhd;> eha;XbaJ 3. ,l tohepiy - ehd; te;Njd;> eP tUtha; 4. fhy tohepiy - ehis tUNtd;> New;Wg; gbj;Njd; 5. tpdh tohepiy - jkpo; ,yf;fzk; vj;jid tifg;gLk;? 6. tpil tohepiy - jkpo; ehl;bd; jiyefuk; vJ? vd;w tpdhTf;Fr; nrd;id vd tpilaspj;jy; 374) tOepiy VO tiffspd; (v.fh) jUf? 1. jpiz tO - vd; khkh te;jJ 2. ghy; tO -- fz;zfp te;jhd; 3. ,l tO -- ehq;fs; te;jhh;fs; 4. fhy tO - fhpfhyd; ehis te;jhd; 5. tpdh tO - Kl;ilapl;lJ Nrtyh ngl;ilah? 6. tpil tO - ehis gs;sp jpwf;fg;gLkh? 7. kuG tO - eha; fj;Jk; 375) tOtikjp vd;why; vd;d? ,yf;fz Kiwg;gb Fw;wKilaJ vdpDk;> ,yf;fz Mrphpah;fshy; Fw; w kd; W vd; W Vw; W f;

nfhs; s g; g LtJ tOtikjp MFk;. 376) tOtikjpapd; rhd;W:jpiz tOtikjp fhy tOtikjp 377) tO - gpio> jtW> Fw;wk; toh epiy - gpioapdi ; k> jtwpapdi ; k tOtikjp - gpio - Mdhy; gpioahff; nfhs;shik. 378) gpioiaj; jpUj;jp vOJf:1. jk;gp New;W te;jhs; -- jk;gp New;W te;jhd; 2. vUJ tz;bia ,Oj;jd - vUJ tz;bia ,Oj;jJ. 3. khzth; Njh;T vOjpdhd; -khzth; Njh;T vOjpdh;. 4. mtd; khztd; my;y - mtd; khztd; my;yd;. 5. cilfs; fpope;J tpl;lJ cilfs; fpope;J tpl;ld. 6. vq;f@hpy; xU Gyth; tho;ej ; dh; - vq;f@hpy; Gyth; xUth; tho;ej ; hh;. 379) ctik vd;why; vd;d? ctik vd;gJ> xU nghUis my;yJ epfo;it kw;nwhU nghUNshL my;yJ epfo;NthL xg; G ikg; g Lj; J tJ. 380) cUtfk; vd;why; vd;d? ftpQh;> jhk; fUjpa nghUisAk; xg;Gikg; nghUisAk; (ctik iaAk;) ntt;NtW vdf; $whky;> ,uz; L k; xd; n wdf; $WtJ cUtfk;.

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www.kalvisolai.com 381) ctik cUtf khw;wk;:ctik - cUtfk; jhkiu Kfk; - Kfj;jhkiu Njd;nkhop - nkhopj;Njd; gtstha; - tha;g;gtsk; Kj;Jg;gy; - gy;Kj;J 382) mbr; n rhy; y pypUe; J nrhw; f is cUthf;Fjy; 1. th - mbr;nrhy; 2. te;jhd; - tpidKw;W 3. te;j - nganur;rk; 4. te;J - tpidnar;rk; 5. tUjy; - njhopw;ngah; 6. gb - mbr;nrhy; 7. gbj;jhd; - tpidKw;W 8. gbj;j - nganur;rk; 9. gbj;J - tpidnar;rk; 10. gbj;jy; - njhopw;ngah;


383) gpio ePff ; p vOJjy;:xUth; NgRk; NghJ vOJk; NghJk; gpioapd; w pg; NgrTk; vOjTk; Ntz;Lk;. Ngr;rpy; my;yJ vOj;jpy; gpioapUg;gpd; nghUs; kaf;fk; Vw;gLk;. vdNt> nrhw; fspYk; njhlh;fspYk; gpiotuhky; fhj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. 384) tOcr; nrhw;fs; vd;why; vd;d? Ngr;R tof;Fr; nrhw;fis mg;gbNa vOj;jpy; nfhz;L tUtJ jtW. mt;thW vOJtjid tOcr; nrhw;fs; vdf; $Wth;. mtw;Wf; Fhpa vOj;J tof;Fr; nrhw;fis vOJtNj Kiw.

385) tOcr; nrhw;fisj; jpUj;Jf:gpio jpUj;jk; 1. mlkio _____ 2. mhpthkiz _____ 3. mtuf;fha; _____ 4. jtf;fis _____ 5. rpyT _____ 6. jhthuk; _____ 7. RLjz;zp _____ 8. vz;iz _____ 9. xl;liw _____ 10. fTW _____ 11. gr;rjz;zp _____ 12. eQ;ir _____ 386) jkpo;r; nrhy; mwpNthk;:gpwnkhopr; nrhw;fs; - jkpo;r; nrhw;fs; 1. mq;fj;jpdh; _____ 2. mh;jj ; k; _____ 3. myq;fhuk; _____ 4. Muk;gk; _____ 5. tpQ;Qhdk; _____ 6. jPgk; _____ 7. Fk;ghgpN\fk; _____ 8. rhtp _____ 9. rhpj;jpuk; _____ 10. rgjk; _____ 11. rhjk; _____ 12. ngsj;jphp _____ 387) ,izahd jkpo;g; gonkhopia mwpf: 1. One doth the act, another hath the blow 1. gop Xhplk; ghtk; Xhplk;. 2. Every fox must at last pay his skin to the flayer

2. gy ehs; jpUld; > xUehs; mfg;gLthd;.

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www.kalvisolai.com 3. Money makes many things 3. gzk; gj;Jk; nra;Ak;. 4. The day has eyes, the night has ears 4. gfypy; gf;fk; ghh;j;Jg; NgR> ,utpy; mJTk; NgrhNj 5. What comes from the cradle goes to the grave

5. njhl;by; gof;fk; RLfhL kl;Lk;.

,ay; MW - nra;As; ckh;fa;ahk; ghly;fs;

388) nrhw;nghUs; :1. gfh;tJ - nrhy;tJ 2. njsptPNu - njspAq;fs; 3. Jt;th - Efuhj 4. mfd;W - tpyfp 5. Mop - fly; 389) ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;G:1. Nehf;fp - tpidnar;rk; 2. Jt; t h tplk; -

thdtpay; Mfpatw;wpy; Gyik kpff ; th;. ,thpd; ftpijfs; kf;fs; milAk; ,d;g Jd;gq;fisAk;> ,iwtdJ gilg; i gAk; ghL nghUshff; nfhz;lit. ,th; ,aw;wpa gpw E}y;fs;:kyUk; khiyAk;> kUkf;fs; top khd; k pak; > Foe; i jr; nry; t k; > Mrpa N[hjp Kjypad ,tuJ fhyk; 1876 Kjy; 1954 Mk; Mz;L tiu. 391) E}w; Fwpg;G:,e;E}y; ,k;ik kWik gw;wp &ghaj; vd; D k; ngahpy; ckh; f a; a hk; vOjpa nra; A s; f spd; nkhop ngah; g ; G . ,jidNa ftpkzp nkhopngah;jJ ; s;shh;. ,jpy; E}w;Wg; gjpide; J ghly; f s; cs; s d. tho;fi ; fj; jj;Jtj;ij ,g;ghly;fs; tpsf;Ffpd;wd. 392) epug;Gf:1. md;G nra;apd; mayhUk; mz;b neUq;Fk; _____ cwtpduhk; 2. Jd;g Nehia ePff ; pL Nky; ____ mKjhFk;. Jt; t htplKk; 3. Vioahfp vspathpd; _____ Ntz;Lklh. Vspadhf

kzpNkfiy rP j ; j iyr; r hj; j dhh;

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www.kalvisolai.com 393) k z p N k f i y v d ; w g h l i y ,aw;wpath; ahh;? rPj;jiyr; rhj;jdhh;. 394) NfhtyDf;Fk; khjtpf;Fk; gpwe;j kfs; ahh;? kzpNkfiy 395) ahUila cjtpahy; > mKj Rugpiag; ngw;Wg; Gfhh; efiu kzpNkfiy milfpwhs;. jP t jpyifapd; 396) nrhw;nghUs;:1. Mak; - Njhopah; $l;lk; 2. Mrdk; - ,Uf;if 3. ehj;njhiy tpy;iy - nrhy; Nrhh;tpd;ik 4. ahf;if - clk;G 5. gpzpNeha; - ePq;fh Neha; 6. Ngijik - mwpahik 7. nra;if - ,Utpid 8. czh;T - mwptpay; rpe;jid 9. mU - cUtkw;wJ 10. cU - tbtk; 11. thapy; - Ik;nghwpfs; 12. CW - Gyd;fspd; ,ay;G 13. Efh;T - ,d;g Jd;g Efh;r;rp 14. Ntl;if - tpUg;gk; 15. gtk; - gad; Nehf;fpa nray; 16. Njhw;wk; - gpwg;G 17. ngUk;NgW - tPLNgW 18. NfhL - nfhk;G 19. myfpy - mstw;w 20. njhf;f tpyq;F - tpyq;Fj; njhFjp 21. fsT - jpUl;L 170


22. fhkj;jP - fhknkDk; nfhba tpUg;gk; 23. ciyah clk;G - jsuhj cly; 24. Fwis - Gwk; NgRjy; 25. nt/fy; - tpUk;Gjy; 26. ntFsy; - rpdj;jy; 27. nghy;yhf; fhl;rp - khaj;Njhw;wk; 28. jhdk; - nfhil 29. GiujPh; - Fw;wk; jPhe ; j ; 30. Nfz;kpd; - NfSq;fs; 31. Kj;Njh; eif - Kj;Jr; rphpg;G 32. ca; k ; k pd; - Nghw; W q; f s; ew;fjpailAq;fs; 33. ciwjy; - jq;Fjy; 34. $w;W - vkd; 35. khrpy; - Fw;wkw;w 36. njhOJ - tzq;fp 37. Gf;F - GFe;J 38. ,lh; - ,d;dy; 39. rPyk; - xOf;fk; 397) ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;G:1. NjtpAk; MaKk; - vz;Zk;ik 2. mUe;jth;> et;tpid - gz;Gj; njhiffs; 3. tho;f - tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W 4. nra;jtk;> tPof ; jph; - tpidj; njhifs; 5. ngUk;NgW - gz;Gj; njhif 6. Mo;euF - tpidj; njhif 7. njspjy; - njhopw;ngah;fs; 8. gy;Yaph;> ey;tpid> jPtpid> Nghpd;gk; - gz;Gj; njhiffs; 9. Ma;njhb ey;yha; - ,uz;lhk; Ntw;Wik cUGk; gaDk; cld;njhf;f njhif.

9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com 10. fhkj;jP - cUtfk; 11. fLQ;nrhy; - gz;Gj; njhif 12. nghy;yhf; fhl;rp - jpUr;rpuhg;gs;spiar; rhh;ej ; rPjj ; iy vd;Dk; Chpy; gpwe;J kJiuapy; tho;e;jth;. $ythzpfk; ($yk; jhdpak;) nra;jth;. ,f;fhuzq;fsp dhy;> ,th; kJiuf; $ythzpfd; rPjj ; iyr; rhj;jdhh; vd;W toq;fg; ngw;whh;. ,sq;NfhtbfSk; ,tUk; rkfhyj;jtuhth;. ,th; filr;rq;fg; Gyth; f Ss; xUth; . jz; l kpo; Mrhd;> rhj;jd; ed;D}w; Gytd;

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www.kalvisolai.com vd;W ,sq;Nfhtbfs; rhj;jdiug; ghuhl;bAs;shh;. ,tuJ fhyk; fp.gp ,uz;lhk; E}w;whz;L vd;gh;. 402) E}w; Fwpg;G:kzpNkfiy> Ik;ngUq; fhg;gpaq; fSs; xd;W. rpyg;gjpfhuKk; kzp NkfiyAk; ntt;NtW E}y;fshap Dk; xNu fijj; njhlh;Gilad. vdNt ,it ,ul;ilf;fhg;gpaq;fs; vd toq;fg;ngWk;. kzpNkfiyapd; JwT tho;fi ; fiaf; $Wtjhy;> ,e;E}Yf;F kzpNkfiyj; JwT vd;Dk; NtW ngaUk; cz;L. ,e;E}y; nrhw; RitAk; nghUl; RitAk;> ,aw;if tUzidfSk; epiwe;jJ. ngsj;j kjr; rhh;Gil aJ@ Kg;gJ fijfisf; nfhz;lJ. Kg;gJ fhijfSs;> ghlg;gFjpahd MGj;jpud; ehL mile;j fhij ,Ugj;J ehd;fhtJ fhij. 403) epug; G f:1. “mUe;jth;f; fike;j Mrdk;." - ,t;tbapy; ‘mUe;jth;’ vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gLgth; _____ mwtzbfs; 2. nrhy;ypy; Vw;gLk; Fw;wq;fs; _____ nrhy; 3. kdj;jpy; Njhd;Wk; Fw;wq;fs; _____ Nguth> fLQ;rpdk;> njsptpyh mwpT 4. kWgpwg; G czh; e ; j tshff; Fwpg;gplg;gLgts; _____ kzpNkfiy

404) nghUj;Jf: m) Mak; - tpUg;gk; M) ntFsy; - Fw;wk; ePqf ; pa ,) GiujPh; - Gwq; $wy; kzpNkfiyAk; 409) jpUf; F wspy; kUe; J vd; D k; mjpfhuj;jpy; czNt kUe;jhFk; jd;ikiaj; njspthf vLj;Jiuj; jth; ahh;? jpUts; S th; 410) Kd; cz;lJ nrhpj;jJ fz;L cz;ghh;f;F kUe;Jz;Zk; Njit Vw;glhJ vd;gJ ahUila thf;F. ts; S th; 411) ePhpdw ; ikahJ cyF vdf; $wpath;. ts; S th;

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www.kalvisolai.com 412) kPJ}z; tpUk;Ngy; vd;wth; xsitahh; 413) cliyf; fhj;jypd; Njitia typAWj;jpath; ahh;? jpU%yUk; 414) mWRitapd; gad;fs; 1. ,dpg;G - tsk;> 2. Jth;gG ; - Mw;wy; 3. ifg;G - nkd;ik 4. fhh;g;G - czh;T 5. cth;gG ; - njspT 6. Gspg;G - ,dpik 415) epug;Gf:1. grpg;gpzpf;F czNt _____ kUe; J 2. Neha;f;F Kjy; fhuzk; _____ cg; G

Neha; ePf;Fk; %ypiffs; (Jizg; g hlk; )

416) fP o ; f ; f ha; ney; y p vd; W vg; g b Fwpg;gpLth; fP o hney; y p> fP o ; t ha; n ey; y p 417) J}Jtisapd; NtW ngah;fs;? rpq; f ty; y p> J}Jis 418) Qhdg; g r; r piy vd ts; s yhh; Nghw;Wk; ,t;tpiy vij Nkk;gLj;Jk; Fuy; tsj;ij 419) fhpryhq;fz;zpf;F NtW ngah;fs;? fhprhiy> ifahe;jfiu> gpUq; f uhrk; > Njfuhrk; 420) J s r p n r b v e ; j N e h i a Fzkhf;Fk;? khh;Gr;rsp> ePhf ; N ; fhit> jiytyp

421) fPoh ney;ypr; nrb ve;j Nehia Fzkhf;Fk;? kQ;rl; fhkhiy 422) J}Jtis ve;j Nehia Fzkhf;Fk;? Rthrfhrk; mfYk; 423) Fg;igNkdp ve;j Nehia Fzkhf;Fk;? gLf;ifg; Gz;> rpuq;F ePq;Fk; 424) KUq; i f fP i u ve; j Nehia Fzkhf;Fk;? Khpe;j vYk;G tpiutpy; $Lk;> fz; g hh; i t xOq; F gLj; J k; > cliy tYthf;Fk;> $e;jiy tsur; nra;Ak; 425) fhpryhq; f z; z p ve; j Nehia Fzkhf;Fk;? eiuiag; Nghf; F k; > kQ; r s; fhkhiy 426) kzpj;jf;fhspf;fi P u ve;j Nehia Fzkhf;Fk;? tha;g;Gz;> Flw;Gz;izf; Fzkhf; F k; . 427) ty;yhiuf; fPiu ve;j Nehia Fzkhf;Fk;? epidthw; w y; ngUFk;

nghUs; N fhs; (,yf; f zk; )

428) nghUs;Nfhs; vd;why; vd;d? xU nra;Aspy; cs;s rPhf ; isNah mbfisNah nghUs; czh;Tf;F Vw;w tifapy; mikj;Jf; nfhs; S k; Kiwiag; nghUs; Nfhs; vdg;gLk;.

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www.kalvisolai.com 429) nghUs;Nfhs; vj;jid tifg;gLk;? mit ahit? vl;L tifg;gLk; 1. Mw;W ePh;g; nghUs;Nfhs; 2. nkhop khw;Wg; nghUs;Nfhs; 3. epuy; epiwg; nghUs;Nfhs; 4. tpw;g+l;Lg; nghUs;Nfhs; 5. jhg;gpirg; nghUs;Nfhs; 6. miskwpghg;Gg; nghUs;Nfhs; 7. nfhz;L $l;Lg; nghUs;Nfhs; 8. mbkwp khw;Wg; nghUs;nfhs; 430) Mw;W ePh;g; nghUs;Nfhs; vd;why; vd;d? ,ilawhJ nry;Yk; Mw;W ePiug; Nghyg; ghlypd; nrhw;fs; Kd; g pd; khwhJ NeNu nrd; W nghUs; nfhs;tJ Mw;W ePh;g; nghUs; N fhshFk; . 431) nkhopkhw;Wg; nghUs;Nfhs; vd;why; vd;d? XubAs; cs;s nrhw;fis> mit jUk; nghUSf;F Vw;g khw;wpf; $Wjy; nkhop khw;Wg; nghUs;Nfhs; vd toq;fg;gLk;. 432) epuy; epiwg; nghUs;Nfhs; vd;why; vd;d? nra;Aspy; ,Uf;fpd;w nrhw;fis Kiw khwhky; thpirahf mikj; J g; nghUs; nfhs; t J epuy; epiwg; nghUs;Nfhs; MFk;. 433) tpw;g+l;Lg; nghUs;Nfhs; vd;why; vd;d? tpy; y pd; ,UKidfisAk; ,izj; J f; fl; L jy; Nghyr;

nra;Aspd; Kjypy; mike;Js;s nrhy;Yk; ,Wjpapy; mike;Js;s nrhy;Yk; nghUs;glg; nghUj;JtJ tpw;g+l;Lg; nghUs;Nfhs;. 434) tpwg ; +lL ; g; nghUs;Nfhspd; NtWngah;? G+l; L tpw; nghUs; N fhs; 435) jhg;gpirg; nghUs;Nfhs; vd;why; vd;d? CQ;rypd; eLepd;w fapW Kd;Dk; gpd;Dk; nrd;W tUtJ Nghyr; nra;Aspd; eLtpy; mike;jpUf;Fk; nrhy; > nra; A spd; KjypYk; ,WjpapYk; mike; j pUf; F k; . nrhw;fSld; nghUe;jpg; nghUisj; jUtJ. 436) miskwp ghg;Gg; nghUs; Nfhs; vd;why; vd;d? nra; A spd; ,WjpapypUe; J nrhw; f is vLj; J Kjypy; itj;Jf; $l;bg; nghUs; nfhs;tJ. 437) nfhz; L $l; L g; nghUs; N fhs; vd;why; vd;d? nra;Aspd; gy mbfspYk; $wg; gl;Ls;s nrhw;fisg; nghUSf;F Vw;gf; $l;bg; nghUs; nfhs;tJ nfhz;L $l;Lg; nghUs;Nfhs;. 438) mbkwpkhw; W g; nghUs; N fhs; vd;why; vd;d? nra;Aspd; vy;yh mbfisAk; Kd; g pd; d hf khw; w pg; nghUs; nfhz;lhYk; nghUSk; XirAk; rpijahky; tUtJ.

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www.kalvisolai.com 439) fPof ; f ; hZk; ghliy epiwT nra;f:1. ghl;Lf;F moF _____ nghUs; 2.gfYf;F moF _____ ntspr; r k; 3. tPjpf;F moF _____ J}a; i k 4. ePjpf;F moF _____ Neh; i k 5. tPlL ; f;F moF _____ tpUe; J 6. fhl;Lf;F moF _____ kuq; f s; 440) jkpo; gonkhopia mwpf:1. The wise and the fool have their follows ,dk; ,dj;NjhL NrUk; 2. He who has an art has every where a part fw;Nwhh;f;Fr; nrd;w ,lnky;yhk; rpwg;G 3. Being on the sea. Sail being on the land. settled

fhyj;jpw;Nfw;w Nfhyk; nfhs; 4. No rains no grains khhpay;yJ fhhpak; ,y;iy 5. Bad words find bad acceptance EzYk; jd; thahw; nfLk;

,ay; VO - nra;As; jpUf; F ws;

441) nrhw;nghUs;:1. fld; - flik 2. rhd;Nwhh; - ey;y Fzq;fs; epiwe;jth; 3. ehz; - ehzk;

4. xg;GuT - cjTjy; 5. fz;Nzhl;lk; - caph;fsplj;J ,uf;fk; 6. tha;ik - cz;ik 7. rhy;G - rhd;whz;ik 8. Mw;Wthh; - nray; nra;gth; 9. Mw;wy; - typik 10. khw;whh; - gifth; 11. Jiyay; y hh; - Mw; w ypd; Fiwe;jth; 12. fl;lis - ciufy; 13. ,d;dh - jPq;F 14. ,dpa - ed;ik 15. nra;ahf;fhy; - nra;ahtplj;J 16. ,d;ik - tWik 17. ,sptd;W - ,opthdjd;W 18. jpz;ik - typik 19. Cop - cyfk; 20. Mop - fly; 21. ,Uepyk; - nghpa epyk; 22. nghiw - Rik 442) ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;G:1. vd;g - gyh;ghy; tpidkw;W 2. Nkw;nfhs;gth; - tpidahyiz Ak; ngah; 3. cs;sJ}ck; - ,d;dpiras ngil 4. md;W - Fwpg;G tpidKw;W 5. fz;Nzhl;lk; - njhopw;ngah; 6. nfhy;yh eyj;jJ> nrhy;yh eyj;jJ - khw;whh; - tpidahy izAk; ngah; 9. ,d;ik> jpzi ; k - gz;Gg; ngah;fs; 10. rhd;wth; - tpidahyizAk; ngah; 11. ,Uepyk; - chpr;nrhw;nwhlh; 12. kd;> X - mirr;nrhw;fs; 443) gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; 1. mwpe;J - mwp + j;(e;) + j; + c mwp - gFjp j; - re;jp j; - e; MdJ tpfhuk; j; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy c - tpidnar;r tpFjp 2. Mw;Wthh; - Mw;W + t; + Mh; Mw;W - gFjp t; - vjph;fhy ,ilepiy Mh; - gyh;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp 3. gzpjy; - gzp + jy; gzp - gFjp jy; - njhopw;ngah; tpFjp 444) gphpj;jwpjy; m) xUtw;F - xUtd; + F M) ,sptd;W - ,spT + md;W ,) rhy;ngd;Dk; - rhy;G + vd;Dk; 445) epug;Gf:1) ew;Fzq;fshy; rpwe;jpUj;jy; _____ ngUikahFk;. rhd; N whhpd; 2) jtk; vd;gJ _____ gpw caph;fisf; nfhy;yhikNa 3) Njhy;tpia xg;Gf; nfhs;tNj rhd; w hz; i kia mse; j wpAk; _____ ciufy;

4. khw;whh; vd;Dk; nrhy;ypd; nghUs; _____ gifth; 5. jPqf ; pioj;jth;fF ; k; _____ nra;a Ntz;Lk;. ed; i kNa 446) nghUj;Jf m) ,d;ik - tWik M) jpz;ik - typik ,) Mop - fly; rpw;wpdk;> ngUq;Fzk; - gz;Gj; njhiffs; 3. toq;fp - tpidnar;rk; 4. fw;wy;> ngWjy;> tho;jy; njhopw;ngah;fs; 450) Mrphpah; Fwpg; G ctikf;ftpQh; Rujhtpd; ,aw;ngah; ,uhrNfhghyd;. ,th; jpUth&h; khtl;lj;jpYs;s gioaD}hpy; 23.11.1921 md; W gpwe;jhh;. ngw;Nwhh; jpUNtq;flk; - nrz;gfk; Mth;.

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www.kalvisolai.com ghNte;jh; ghujpjhrd; kPJ nfhz;l gw;Wf; fhuzkhfj; jk; ngaiur; Rg; G uj; j pdjhrd; vd khw; w pf; nfhz;lhh;. mjd; RUf;fNk Rujh Mapw;W. Njd; k io> JiwKfk; > RtUk; Rz;zhk;Gk; Rujhtpd; ftpijfs; Kjyhd ftpij E}y;fis ,aw;wpAs;shh;. Njd;kio vd;Dk; ftpij E}y;> jkpof murpd; jkpo; tsh;rr ; pj; Jiw toq;Fk; rpwe;j E}Yf;fhd ghpirg; ngw;Ws;sJ. jkpof ,aypir ehlf kd;wj;jpd; fiy khkzpg; gl;lj;ijAk;> jkpof murpd; ghNte;jh; tpUijAk; ,th; ngw;Ws;shh;. 451) E}w; Fwpg;G:Njd;kio E}ypy; ,aw;ifnaopy; Kjyhf Muha;rr ; p Njd;Jspfs; vd;Dk; gFjpapy; ,g;ghly; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ. 452) epug; G f: 1. Foe; i japd; jsph; f ; i fgl; l _____ cz;gJ ,d;gk;. $opid 2. fw;wth; Kd; jhk; fw;w _____ ,d;gk;. fy;tpiaf; $wy; 3. ntw;wpia tho;tpy; Nrh;f;Fk; _____ ,d;gk;. tpidgy Ghpjy; 4. _____ NruhJ tho;jy; ,d;gk;. rpw; w pdf; fatNuhL 177


ngUe; j iyth; fhkuhrh; (ciueil)

453) jd;dykw;w jiyth;@ fh;k tPuh;@ fy;tpf; fz; jpwe;j Kjy;th; ahh;? fhkuhrh; 454) fhkuhrh; ngw;Nwhh; ahh;? tpUJ efhpy; cs;s Fkhurhkp> rptfhkp 455) fhkuhrh; ve;j Mz;L> ve;j ehs; gpwe;jhh;? 1903 Mk; Mz;L #iyj; jpq;fs; gjpide; j hk; ehsd; W 456) j p z ; i z g ; g s ; s p a p y ; j k p o ; vOj;Jfisf; fw;W> Xh; Mz;L jkpo; ghlk; fw;wth; ahh;? fhkuhrh; 457) fhkuhrh; jdJ VOtajpy; Rtnuhl;b apy; _____ vd;W vOjg;gl;bUg; gijidf; fz;lhh;. te;Nj khjuk; 458) fhkuhrh;> gs;sp nry;y ,ayhj NghJk; ehs;NjhWk; ------------- gbj;Jk; murpay; $l;lq;fspy; jiyth;fspd; nrhw; nghopTfisf; Nfl; L k; > jk; K ila murpay; mwpit tsh;j;Jf; nfhz;lhh;. nra;jpj; jhs;fs; 459) nka;fz;lhd; Gj;jfr;rhiy vd;w E}y; epiyaj;jpw;Fr; nrd;W _____> _____> _____> M f p N a h h p d ; tho;fi ; f tuyhWfisg; gbj;Jj; jpwikahfg; NgrTk; thjk; nra;aTk; njhlq;fpdhh;. ,nydpd;> fhpghy;b> neg;Nghypah;

9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com 460) fhkuhrh; ,sikapy; ve;j fhq;fpurpy; Nrh;e;jhh;? Njrpa ,af;fkhd fhq;fpurpy; 461) fhkuhrh; ve;j Nghuhl;lq;fspy; gq;F nfhz;L rpiw nrd;whh;? irkd; FO vjph; g ; G > cg; G r; rj; j pahfpufk; > nts; i saNd ntspNaW. 462) fhkuhriuf; fl;rpapd; nrayhsuhf epakpj;jth; ahh;? jiyth; rj;jpa%h;j;jp 463) fhkuhrh; ve;j Mz;L rl;lkd;w cWg;gpduhfj; Nje;njLf;fg;gl;lhh;? 1937 464) ve;j Mz;L jkpo;ehl;Lf; fhq;fpuRf; fl;rpapd; jiytuhff; fhkuhrh; Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;lhh;? 1939 Mk; Mz;L 465) fhq; f puRf; fl; r papd; jiyth; gjtpapy; vj; j id Mz; L fs; fhkuhrh; ,Ue;jhh;? gd;dpuz;L Mz;Lfs; 466) ve;j Mz;L ahUf;F Kjyikr;ruhfg; gjtpNaw;gjw;Ff; fhkuhrh; fhuzkhf ,Ue;jhh;? 1945 Mk; Mz;L gpufhrk;> 1947 Mk; Mz;L Xke;J}h; ,uhkrhkp kw;Wk; 1949 Mk; Mz;L Fkhurhkp 467) N e U t p d ; k i w T f ; F g ; g p d ; yhy;gfJ}h; rh];jpapd; kiwTf;Fg; gpd; ahiu Kjd;ikaikr;ruhf Mf; F tjw; F fhkuhrh; ngUk; gq;fhw;wpdhh;. ,e;jpuh fhe;jp 178


468) fhkuhrh; vt;thW miof;fg;gl;lhh;? jiyth; f is cUthf; F gth; 469) 1954 ,y; ,uh[h[p Kjyikr;rh; gjtpapypUe;J tpyfpaJk; ahh; mg;gjtpf;F Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;lhh;? fhkuhrh; 470) fhkuhrh; Ml;rpf;fhyj;jpy; Kd;dhs; FbauRj; jiyth;ahf ahh; ,Ue;J cWJizahfg; gzpahw;wpdhh;? Mh;. ntq;fl;uhkd; njhopyikr; ruhfTk;> rp.Rg;gpukzpak; fy; t paikr; r uhfTk; 471) fhkuhrh; Kjyikr;ruhf ,Ue;j fhyj; j py; ve; j Ie; j hz; L j; jpl;lq;fs; epiw Ntw;wg;gl;ld? ,uz;lhtJ> %d;whtJ Ie;jhz;Lj; jpl; l q; f s; 472) nghpa njhopw; Ngl;ilfs; vq;F mikf;fg;gl;ld. fpz; b > mk; g j; J }h; > ,uhzpg; Ngl; i l. 473) fhkuhrh; fhyj;jpy; ------------- ,af;fk; Nt&d;wpaJ? $l;LwT ,af;fk; 474) fhkuhrh; Ml;rpapy; ve;j njhopw; rhiyfs; njhlq;fg; ngw;wd? nea; N typ> epyf; f hpr; Ruq; f j; njhopw;rhiy> ,e;J];jhd; Nghl;Nlh gpypk; njhopw;rhiy> fpz;b mWit rpfpr;irf; fUtpj; njhopw;rhiy> rUf;fiu Miy> Nrhlh cg; G j; njhopw; r hiy> rpnkz;l; njhopw;rhiy> nguk;g+h;j; njhlh; tz;bg; ngl;bj; njhopw; rhiy> Nkl;^h;f; fhfpjj; njhopw; rhiy.

9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com 475) fhkuhrh; fhyj;jpy; ve;j fy;tp eilKiwg; gLj;jg;gl;lJ. fl;lhaf; fy;tp 476) gs;sp Ntiy ehs;fis vt;tsthf fhkuhrh; cah;j;jpdhh;? E}w; n wz; g jpypUe; J ,UE}whf 477) njhlf;fg; gs;spfspy; kjpa czTj; jpl;lk; ahuhy; njhlq;fg;gl;lJ? fhkuhrh; 478) fhkuhrh; vj;jid khehLfs; $l;lj;ij $l;b te;jhh;? ; fhq;fpuRf; fl;rpapd; nry;thf;Fr; rhpaj; njhlq;fpaJ. 1962 Mk; Mz;L

484) GtNdRth; efhpy; ve;j Mz;L fhq;fpuR khehl;by; fhkuhrh; mfpy ,e;jpaf; fhq;fpuRj; jiytuhfg; gjtpNaw;whh;? 1963 Mk; Mz;L 485) ,e;jpag; gpujkh; NeU ve;j Mz;L fhykhdhh;? 1964 486) rh];jphp vjph;ghuhj Kiwapy; 1966 Mk; Mz;L vq;F caphpoe;jhh;? jh]; f z; b y; 487) fhkuhrh;> NeUtpd; kfs; ,e;jpuh fhe;jpfF ; ve;j gjtp nghUj;jkhdJ? gpujkh; gjtp 488) fhkuhrUf; F eLtzuR _____ tpUJ mspj;Jr; rpwg;gpj;jJ. ghuj uj;dh (,e;jpakhkzp) tpUJ 489) ehlhSkd;wj;jpy; fhkuhrh;fF ; ____ rpiyia epWtpaJ? MSau ntz; f yr; r piyia 490) jkpof muR> fhkuhrhpd; fy;tpg; gzpiar; rpwg;gpf;Fk; tifapy; kJiug; gy;fiyf; fofj;jpw;F vd;d ngah; #l;baJ? kJiu fhkuhrh; gy;fiyf;fofk; 491) fhkuhrh; tho;e;j nrd;id ,y;yk; _____ ,y;ykhf Mf;fg;gl;lJ? epidT ,y;ykhf 492) fhkuhrh; muq;fk; vq;F epWtg;gl;lJ? Njdhk; Ngl; i lapy; 493) fhkuhrh; gpwe;j ehshd #iy gjpide;jhk; ehis Mz;LNjhWk; _____ mwptpj;Js;sJ fy; t p tsh; r ; r pehs;

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www.kalvisolai.com 494) fhe;jpabfs; kPJ mstw;w md;G nfhz;l fhkuhrh; ve;j Mz;L fhe; j pabfspd; gpwe; j ehshd mf;Nlhgh; ,uz;lhk;ehs; ,t;Tyf tho;it ePj;jhh;? 1975 Mk; Mz;L

,yf;fzk; - Gzh;r;rp

495) Gzh;r;rp vd;why; vd;d? epiy nkhopapd; jphpjy;> nfLjy; 497) Njhd;wy; Gzh;r;rpf;F v.fh jUf jkpo; + ghlk; = jkpo;gg ; hlk; 498) jphpjy; Gzh;r;rpf;F v.fh jUf? fy; + rpiy = fw;rpiy 499) nfLjy; Gzh;rr ; pf;F v.fh jUf? kuk; + Nth; = kuNth; 500) Fw; w paYfug; Gzh; r ; r p vd; w hy; vd;d? F> R> L> J> G> W Mfpa MWk; nebyLj;Jk; ,uz;L Kjypa gy vOj; J fisr; rhh; e ; J k; tUk; NghJ> jd; khj; j piuastpy; Fiwe; J xypf; F k; . ,jidf; Fw;wpaYfuk; vd;gh;. 501) Fw; w paypfug; Gzh; r ; r p vd; w hy; vd;d? epiy nkhopapd; tUnkhop

apd; Kjy; vOj;J> a fukhf ,Ue;J GzUk; NghJ> cfuk; ,fukhfj; jphpAk; ,jidf; Fw;wpaypfug; Gzh;r;rp vd;gh;. 502) Nrh;j;J vOJf: 1. fhL + Nfhop = fhl;Lf;Nfhop 2. MW + ghyk; = Mw;Wg;ghyk; 3. fpzW + jtis = fpzw;Wj;jtis 4. ehF + fbJ = ehFfbJ 5. v/J + rpwpJ = v/FrpwpJ 6. tuF + jPJ = tuFjPJ 7. Fuq;F + nghpJ = Fuq;FnghpJ 8. njs;F + rpwpJ = njs;FrpwpJ 9. njs;F + fhy; = njs;Ffhy; 10. v/F + rpWik = v/FrpWik 11. ehF + jiy = ehFjiy 12. kUe;J + ig = kUj;Jg;ig 13. ,Uk;G + Mzp = ,Ug;ghzp 14. fUk;G + tpy; = fUg;Gtpy; 15. nrk;G + Flk; = nrg;Gf;Flk;. 503) epug;Gf: 1) thio + kuk; = thiokuk; vd;gJ ______ ,ay;Gg; Gzh;r;rp 2) kuk; +Nth; = kuNth;. ,J ______ nfLjy; tpfhuk; 3) fd;W + M vd;gJ ______ vdg;GzUk;. tpil: 504) nghUj;Jf:1. ,ay;Gg; Gzh;r;rp - fw;Nfhl;il 2. Njhd;wy; tpfhuk; - kuNty; 3. nfLjy; tpfhuk; - thiog;gok;

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www.kalvisolai.com 4. jphpjy; tpfhuk; - nghd; tisay; tpil:


505) ty;ypdk; kpFk; ,lq;fs; m> ,> c vd;Dk; Rl;nlOj;Jfis mLj;Jk; ‘v’ vd;Dk; tpdhit mLj;Jk; tUk;. ty;ypdq;fshfpa f> r> j> g> kpFk;. (v.fh) , + nrb = ,r;nrb. 506) me;j> ,e;j> ve;j> mq;F> ,q;F> vq;F> mg;gb> ,g;gb> vg;gb vd;w Rl;L> tpdhr; nrhw;fis mLj;J ty;ypdk; kpFk;. v.fh me;j + Nfhtpy; = me;jf;Nfhtpy; 507) ,uz; l hk; Ntw; W ik tphpapy; ty;ypdk; kpFk;. (v.fh) E}iy + gb = E}iyg;gb 508) ehd; f hk; Ntw; W ik tphpapy; ty;ypdk; kpFk;. (v.fh) gzpf;F + nrd;whd; = gzpf;Fr;nrd;whd; 509) ,uz;L> %d;W > ehd;F> Ie;jhk; Ntw;Wik cUGk; gaDk; cld; njhf; f njhifapy; ty; y pdk; kpFk;. (v.fh) kuk; + ngl;b = kug;ngl;b 510) gz;Gj; njhifapy; ty;ypdk; kpFk;. (v.fh) gr;ir + fpsp = gr;irf;fpsp 511) ,Unganuhl;Lg; gz;Gj;njhifapy ty;ypdk; kpFk;. (v.fh) ky;ypif +g+ = ky;ypifg;g+ 181


512) ctikj; njhifapy; ty;ypdk; kpFk; (v.fh) kyh; + fz; = kyh;f;fz; 513) XnuOj; J xU nkhopapd; gpd; ty;ypdk; kpFk; (v.fh) g+ + $il = g+f;$il. 514) w xw;W ,ul;bf;Fk; caph;> neby; njhlh;f; Fw;wpaYfuq;fspd; gpd; ty;ypdk; kpFk; (v.fh) ehL + gw;W = ehl;Lg;gw;W 517) Kw;wpaYfuj;jpd; gpd; ty;ypdk; kpFk; (v.fh) jpU + Fws; = jpUf;Fws; 518) rhy> jt Kjypa chpr;nrhw;fspd; gpd; ty;ypdk; kpFk;. (v.fh) rhy + Ngrpdhd; = rhyg;Ngrpdhd; 519) Ma;> vd> ,dp> Mf Kjypa ,ilr; nrhw;fspd; gpd; ty;ypdk; kpFk;. (v.fh) ,dp + fhz; N ghk; = ,dpf;fhz;Nghk;. 520) ty;ypdk; kpfh ,lq;fs;: mJ> ,J> mit> ,it vDk; Rl;Lr; nrhw;fspd; gpd;Dk; vJ> vit vDk; tpdhr; n rhw; f spd; gpd;Dk; ty;ypdk; kpfhJ. (v.fh) mJ + gwe;jJ = mJ gwe;jJ.

9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com 521) M> V> X vDk; tpdh vOj;Jfspd; gpd; ty;ypdk; kpfhJ. (v.fh) mtdh+ nrd; w hd; = mtdh nrd;whd; 522) vOtha; j ; njhlhpy; ty; y pdk; kpfhJ. (v.fh) kyh; + g+j;jJ = kyh;g+j;jJ 523) mj; j id> ,j; j id> vj; j id vd; D k; nrhw; f Sf; F g; gpd; ty;ypdk; kpfhJ. (v.fh) mj;jid + glq;fs; = mj;jid glq;fs; 524) tpidj; njhifapy; ty; y pdk; kpfhJ. (v.fh) CW + fha; = CWfha; 525) ck;ikj; njhifapy; ty;ypdk; kpfhJ. (v.fh) fgpyguzh;> ,uTgfy; 526) ,uz;lhk; Ntw;Wikj; njhifapy; ty;ypdk; kpfhJ. (v.fh) fly; + fle; j hh; = fly;fle;jhh;. 527) %d;whk; Ntw;Wik cUGfspd; gpd; (xL> XL) ty;ypdk; kpfhJ. (v.fh) g+nthL + Nrh; e ; j = g+nthLNrh;e;j 528) vl;L> gj;J jtpug;gpw vz;fSf;Fg; gpd; ty;ypdk; kpfhJ. (v.fh) xd;W nfhL xd;WnfhL ,uz;L + Ngh; = ,uz;LNgh; 529) tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;Wf;Fg; gpd; ty;ypdk; kpfhJ. (v.fh) tho;f + jkpo; = tho;fjkpo;

530) ,ul;ilf;fpstp> mLf;Fj; njhlh;fspy; ty;ypdk; kpfhJ. (v.fh) ry + ry = ryry 531) nre;jkpOk; ehg;gof;fk; 3. The law - maker should not be a law breaker

Ntypia gapiu Nka;e;jhw; Nghy 4. Misfortune never comes single gl;l fhypNy gLk;> nfl;l FbNa nfLk; 5. Look no gift horse in the mouth jhdk; nfhLj;j khl;ilg; gy;iyg; gpbj;Jg; ghh;f;fyhkh?

,ay;vl;L - nra;As; ehl; L g; G wg; g hly;

534) nrhw;nghUs;: 1) tphpfly; - gue;jfly;

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www.kalvisolai.com 2) fhAk; utpr;Rlh; - Rl;nlhpf;Fk; #hpaf;fjph; 3. Nahfk; - topghL 535) ehl;Lg;Gwg; ghly; tpsf;fk;. goq;fhyg; gz;ghl;bd; vr;rk; vdf; fUjg;gLk; ehl;Lg;Gwg; ghly;fs; Vl;by; vOjhf; ftpijfs; MFk;. ,it toptopahfg; ghlg;gl;LtUk; tha;nkhop ,yf;fpaq;fNs. gonkhopfs;> tpLfijfs;> fijg; ghly;fs;> njhopwg ; hly;fs; Kjypad ehl;Lg;Gw ,yf;fpaj;Js; mlq;Fk;. njk; khq;Fg;ghly;> fisnaLg;Gg; ghly;> fjpuWg;Gg; ghly;> kPdth; ghly;> Kjypad njhopw; ghly;fs;. vspa nrhw; f Sk; eilKiw tho; f ; i fia xl; b a Mo; e ; j fUj;JfSk; mlq;fpait ,g;ghly; fs;. ,g;ghly;fs; Ntiy nra;Ak; NghJ fisg;G Vw;glhky; ,Uf;fg; ghlg; g Ltd. ehl; L g; G wtp ay; Jiwapy; gy; N tW Ma; T fs; eilngw; w tz; z k; cs; s d. ehl;Lg;Gwg; ghly;fs;> gbf;fhjth; fSk; XusT fy;tpawpT ngw;wth; fSk; ghLtdthf cs; s d. ,g; g hly; f s; nrtp topahfg; guTtd. ,tw; i w ,aw; w path; ,d;dhnudf; $wtpayhJ. 536) epug;Gf 1. kPdth;fSf;F ,utpy; tpsf;fhf tpsq;FtJ _____ tpbnts; s p

2. kPd;tiy kPdthpd; _____ gbf;Fk; E}y; 3. kPdth; fz;zhbahfg; gad;gLj;JtJ _____ KOepyNt 4. kPdthpd; thOk; tPL fl;L kuk;

ngz;ik nt. ,uhkypq;fdhh;

537) md;Gk; Mh;tKk; mlf;fKk; -- vd;w ‘ngz;ik’ ghliy ghbath; ahh;? nt.,uhkypq; f dhh; 538) nrhw;nghUs; 1. cWjp - CcWjp 2. rfpg;Gj;jd;ik - nghWj;Jf; nfhs;Sjy; 3. nrh&gk; - tbtk; 4. juzp - cyfk; 5. jhuk; - kidahs; 6. Nrit - njhz;L 7. mayhh; - cwty;yhNjhh; 539) ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;G: 1. md;Gk; Mh;tKk; mlf;fKk; -- vz;Zk;ik 2. ,d;gnrh&gk; -- cUtfk; 540) Mrphpah; Fwpg;G ftpQh; nt.,uhkypq;fdhh;> ehkf;fy; khtl; l j; j pYs; s NkhfD}hpy; gpwe; j th; . ,th; j k; ngw; N whh; ntq;fl;uhkd; -- mk;kzp mk;khs; Mth;. ftpijg; Nghl;bfs; gytw; w py; gq; N fw; W g; ghpRfs; ngw;whh;. jkpof murpd; Kjy;

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www.kalvisolai.com muritf; ftpQuhfj; jpfo;e;jth;. ,tUf;F eLtzuR gj;kg+\z; tpUJ toq;fpr; rpwg;gpj;jJ. ,th;> jkpof kf;fshy; fhe;jpaf; ftpQh; vdg; ngUikAld; toq; f g; ngw;whh;. ,thpd; fhyk; fp.gp 1888 Kjy; 1972 tiuahFk;. 541) E}w; F wpg; G ehkf;fy; ftpQh; ghly;fs; vd;Dk; ftpijj; njhFg; g py; nja; t j; jpUkyh; > jkpo; j ; Njd; k yh; > fhe;jpkyh;> Njrpa kyh;> rOjha kyh;> nghpNahh; Gfo; kyh;> jpUehs; kyh;> rpWfhg;gpa kyh;> ,irkyh;> mwpTiu kyh;> gy;Rit kyh; Mfpa jiyg;Gfspy; ftpijfs; mike;Js;sd. ,g;ghly;> rOjha kyh; vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ. 542) ehkf;fy;yhhpd; gilg;Gfs; ,ir ehty;fs; - 3 fl;Liufs; - 12 jd;tuyhW - 3 Gjpdq;fs; - 5 ,yf;fpaj;jpwdha;Tfs; - 7 ftpijj; njhFg;Gfs; - 10 rpWfhg;gpaq;fs; - 5 nkhopngah;g;Gfs; - 4

jpy; i yahb ts; s pak; i k (ciueil)

543) Mq; f pNyahpd; mlf; F Kiwf; nfhLikf;F vjpuhf chpikf; Fuy; vOg;gpg; Nghuhbathpd; ngz;zpd; ngah;?

jpy; i yahb ts; s pak; i k 544) jpyi ; yahb ts;spak;ik ngw;Nwhhpd; ngah;> Ch;? GJr;Nrhpapy; tho;e;j KDrhkp vd; w nerthsp jpy; i yahb vd; D k; Chpy; gpwe;j kq;fsk;. 545) KDrhkp nerTj; njhopy; ghjpg; ghy; tWikapy; thb NtiyNjb vq;F FbNawpdh;? njd; Mg;gphpf;fhtpy; 546) tPu kq;if ts;spak;ik ve;j Mz;L gpwe;jhh;? 1898 Mk; Mz;L 547) ts;spak;ik ve;j ehl;by; gpwe;jhh;? njd; d hg; gphpf; f htpy; 548) jhahh; jp;y;iyahbapy; gpwe;jhy; ts; s pak; i k ngah; vt; t hW miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. jpy; i yahb ts; s pak; i k 549) ve; j Mz; L njd; d hg; gphpf; f ehl;bd; jpUkzg; gjpTr; rl;lg; gbAk;> fpwpj;J kjr; rl;lg;gbAk; jpUkzq;fs; nry;yhJ vd cr;rePjpkd;wk; jPhg ; i ; g ntspapll ; J? 1913 Mk; Mz;L 550) fhe;jpabfs; ve;j Nghuhl;lj;jpidf; jiyik Vw;W top elj;jpdhh;? mwg; Nghuhl;lk; 551) mwg;Nghh; Nghuhl;lk; ve;j Mz;L> ve;j ,lj;jpy; eilngw;wJ? 1913 Mk; Mz;L jprk;gh;j; jpq;fs; 23 Mk; ehs; thy;f] ; u; ];l; vd;Dk; ,lj;jpy; eilngw;wJ.

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www.kalvisolai.com 552) rpiwr; #oyhy; cly; eyk; Fd;wpa ts;spak;ik ve;j Mz;L kuzk; mile;jhh;? 1914 gpg; u thp ,Ugj; j puz; l hk; ehsd;W jkJ gjpdhwhk; mfitapy; . 553) “ek;gpf;ifjhd; mtuJ MAjk;” vd;W jpy;iyahb ts;spak;ik Fwpj;J ve;j ,jopy; fhe;jpabfs; vOjpas;shh;? ,e;jpad; xg;gPdpad; 554) njd;dhg;gphpf;f tuyhw;wpy; ts;sp ak;ikapd; ngah; vd;Wk; epiyj;J epw;Fk; vd;W fhe;jpabfs; _____ vd;Dk; E}ypy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;. njd;dhg;gphpf;fr; rj;jpahf;fpufk; 555) fhe;jpabfs;> jkpoh; kPJk; jkpo; nkhopapd; kPJk; kpFe;j ,uhzp kq;fk;khs; ,th;fSf;F gpwe;j kfd; ahh;? fpUl;bd Kj;J tPug;gd; 561) Kj;J tPug;gd; vj;jid Mz;Lfs; Ml;rp nra;J ve;j Nehahy; cyf tho;it ePj;jhh;? Vohz; L f; f hyk; > mk; i kNeha; 562) ,uhzp kq;fk;khspd; kUkfspd; ngah;? rpd;d Kj;jk;khs; 563) ve;j nghWg;G ,uhzp kq;fk;khspd; kdj;ijf; fy;yhf;fpapUe;jd? murpay; gl; l wpTk; > Ml; r pg; nghWg; G k; 564) , u h z p k q ; f k ; k h s ; n g a u d ; tprauq;fr; nrhf;f ehjd; ngaus tpy; ve;j Mz;L mhpaizapy; Vw;wg;gl;lhd;. 1688 Mk; Mz;L 565) jpUtpjhq;$hpd; kd;dh; ahh;? ,utpth; k h 566) ,uhzp kq; f k; k hs; fhyj; j py; ik#h; kd;dd; ahh;? rpf; f Njtuhad;

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www.kalvisolai.com 567) xt;nthU tUk; jhk; rpwe;jjhff; fUJk; rkaj;ijf; iff; nfhz;L thotpLtNj jUkk; vd;w nfhs;ifNa gpd;gw;wpath; ahh;? kq; f k; k hs; 568) kq;fk;khs; kJiuapy; ------------fl;bdhh;? nghpanjhU md;dr;rj;jpuj;ijf; 569) fd; d pahFkhpf; F k; kJiuf; F k; ,ilNa mike;j neLQ;rhiy> _____ vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ? kq;fk;khs; rhiy 570) kq;fk;khs; fl;bait vit? kj;jpar; re;ij> kJiuf; fy;Y}hp> cah; epiyg; g s; s pf; fl; l lk; > ,uhkehjGu khtl; l Ml; r pj; jiythpd; gioa mYtyfk;. 571) kq;fk;khspd; ngah; kq;fhj GfNohL tpsq;Fk;

ahg;G - nra;As; cWg;Gfs; (,yf; f zk; ) (vOj;J> mir> rPh;> jis)

572) nra;Aspd; cWg;Gfs; vj;jid tifg;gLk;? mit ahit? nra;Aspd; cWg;Gfs; MW tifg; g Lk; . mit: vOj;J> mir> rPh>; jis> mb> njhil. 573) vOj;J vd;why; vd;d? nra;Aspy; Fwpy;> neby;> nka;> Ma; j k; vd; D k; vOj; J fs; Kjd;ikahff; fUjg;gLk;.

574) mir vd;why; vd;d? vOj;J jdpahfNth> gy Nrh;eN; jh Xirg; g l mire; J (gphpe; J ) epw;gJ mir vdg;gLk;. 575) mir vj;jid tifg;gLk;? mit ahit? mir ,uz;L tifg;gLk; mit 1 Neuir> 2. epiuair 576) Neuir vd;why; vd;d? Fwpy; jdpj;Jk; Fwpy; xw;wLj;Jk;> neby; jdpj;Jk; neby; xw;wLj;Jk; tUtJ Neuir vdg;gLk;. 577) epiwair vd;why; vd;d? Fwpy; ,ize;Jk; Fwpy; ,ize;J xw;Wk;> Fwpy; neby; ,ize;Jk; Fwpy; neby; ,ize;J xw;Wk; tUtJ epiuair. 578) rPh; vd;why; vd;d? mirfs; jdpj;Jk; ,ize;Jk; $b mbf;F cWg;ghf miktJ rPh; vdg;gLk;. m/J Xuirr;rPh;> ; %tirr;rhP >; ehyirr;rhP ; vd ehy; tifg;gLk;. 579) Xuirr;rPh; vd;why; vd;d? ntz; g htpd; epiuairAs; VNjDk; xd; W jdpj;J epd;W rPuha; mikAk;. mtw;iw Xuirr;rPh; vd;gh;. 580) Xiur;rPh; ehy;tifg; tha;g;ghL? ehs; (Neh;)> kyh; (epiu)> fhR (Neh; G )> gpwg; G (epiuG). 581) vd khtpy; Kbtjdhy; khr;rPh;) tpsr;rPh; -- 2 (fUtpsk;> $tpsk; vd tpsj;jpy; Kbtjdhy; tpsr;rPh;) 583) %tirr;rhP ; vd;why; vd;d? %d;W mirfs; Nrh;e;J xUrPh; MtJ %tirr;rPh;. Neuirapy; KbtJ ehd;Fk; epiu mirapy; KbtJ ehd; F khf %tir; r P h ; vl;L MFk;. 584) fha;r;rPh; ehd;F: 1. Neh; Neh; Neh; -- Njkhq;fha; 2. epiu Neh; Neh; -- Gspkhq;fha; 3. epiu epiu Neh; -- fUtpsq;fha; 4. Neh; epiu Neh; -- $tp ntz;ghtpw;F chpad Mjypd; ntz;gh chpr;rhP ; vdTk; $Wth;. 585) fdpr;rPh; ehd;F: 1. Neh; Neh; epiu --- Njkhq;fdp 2. epiu Neh; epiu -- Gspkhq;fdp 3. epiu epiu epiu - fUtpsq;fdp 4. Neh; epiu epiu -- $tpsq;fdp (,it tQ;rpg;ghtpw;F cupajhy; tQ;rpAspr;rPH vdTk; $WtH) 586) ehyirr;rPh; vd;why; vd;d? %tirr; r P h ; vl; L ld; Neuir> epiuairfisj; jdpj;jdpahfr;

Nrh;j;jhy; ehyirr;rPh; gjpdhW fpilf;Fk; ,jidg; nghJr;rPh; vdf; $Wth;. 587) jis vd;why; vd;d? epd;w rPhpd; tpsKd; NeUk;tUtJ ,aw;rhP ; ntz;lis.

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www.kalvisolai.com 592) ntz;rhP ; ntz;lis vd;why; vd;d? fha;Kd; Neh; tUtJ ntz;rPh; ntz; l is. v.fh. Neh; Neh; Neh; -- Njkhq;fha; 593) ntz;ghtpw;F chpa jisfs; 1. ,aw;rPh; ntz;lisAk; 2. ntz;rPh; ntz;lisAk; 594) fypj;jis vd;why; vd;d? fha;Kd; epiu tUtJ fypj;jis 595) xd;wpa tQ;rpj;jis vd;why; vd;d? fdpKd; epiu tUtJ xd;wpa tQ; r pj; j is. 596) xd; w hj tQ; r pj; j is vd; w hy; vd;d? fdpKd; Neh; tUtJ xd; w hj tQ;rpj;jis vdg;gLk;. 567) chpatpilj; Njh;e;njOJf 1. nka;Ak;> Ma;jKk; ahg;gpy; _____ vdf; Fwpf;fg;gLk;. tpil 2. fha;r;rPh; _____ tifg;gLk;. ehd; F 3. Mrphpag;ghtpw;F chpa rPh;fs; _____ MFk;. tpil 4. fha;Kd; Neh;thpd; _____ MFk;. tpil 5. ntz;ghtpy; cah;T vd;Dk; ,tiug; nghpJk; ghuhl; b dhh; . ,tiur; rpwg; g pf; F k; tifapy; kJiuapy; ,th; tho;e;j gFjpf;F kJuftp gh];fujh]; efh; vdg; ngahpg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,thpd; fhyk; fp.gp 1892 Kjy; 1952 tiuahFk;. ghlg;gFjpapYs;s ghly; kJiftp gh]; f ujh]; fP h ; j ; j idfspd; ,uz;lhk; ghfj;jpy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ. xg;gilg;G: jpUtpisahlw; Guhzj;jpy; jUkpfF ; nghw;fpop mspj;j glyf; fijiag; nghk; k yhl; l khf tbtikj; J tFg;gpy; elj;jpf; fhl;Lf.

,ul;rzpa ahj;jphpfk; vr;.V fpUl;bddhh;

603) ,iw kfdhfpa ,NaR ngUkhd; ngj;jyNfkpy; ahUf;F kfdhfg; gpwe;jhh;? khpad; i df; F 604) ,NaR ngUkhd; je;ijapd; ngah;? Nrhrg; G k; 605) F o e ; i j , N a R i t > V N u h J kd; d dpd; nfhLikapypUe; J fhg;ghw;w je;ij Nrhrg;Gk; jha; khpad; i dAk; ve; j ehl; b w; F nrd;wdh;? vfpg; J

606) ,NaRtpd; Njhs;fspd; rpYitap idr; Rkj;jpj; Jd;GWj;jpf; ve;j kiyf;Ff; nfhz;L Nrh;jj ; dh;? fy;thhp kiyf;Ff; 607) nrhw;nghUs;: 1. Nrtb> ntt;tpUg;G gz;Gj; njhiffs; 2. ,Ug;G -- typj;jy; tpfhuk; 3. fdptha; -- ctikj; njhif 4. td;kwNthh; -- gz;Gj; njhif 609) gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; 1) jPzb ; dhh; -- jPzL ; + ,d; + Mh; jPzL ; - gFjp ,d; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy Mh; - gyh;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp 2) flhtpdhh; -- flhT + ,d; + Mh; flhT - gFjp ,d; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy Mh; - gyh;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp 610) gphpj;jwpjy;: m) kw;wpuz;L -- kw;W + ,uz;L M) FUNrw;wp -- FUR + Vw;wp ,) jd;dhpa -- jd; + mhpa 1827 Vg;uy; ,Ugj;J %d;whk; ehs; gpwe;jhh;. ,tUila je;ij rq;fu ehuhazh; ngUk;

Gytuhf tpsq;fpdhh;. md;idahh; ngah; nja;t ehafp mk;khs;. ,th;fs; nul;bahgl;bapy; tho;e;j th;fs;. gpwF> fiuapUg;G nrd;W tho;e;j fpUl;bddhh;> Kg;gjhtJ mfitapy; jk; ngaiu vr; . V fpUl;bddhh; vd itj;Jf; nfhz;lhh;. fpUl;bddhh; je;ijaplk; jkpopyf;fp aq;fisAk; khzpf;f thrfj;Njthp lk; ,yf;fzq; fisAk;> gpytzr; Nrhjplhplk; tlnkhopiaAk; fw;whh;. rhah;Guk; gs;spapy; jkpohrphpauhfg; gzpahw;wpdhh;. ,ul;rzpa rka eph;zak;> ,ul;rzpa kNdhfuk;> ,ul;rzpaf; Fws; vd;Dk; E}y;fisAk; ,aw;wpdhh;. fpwpj;Jtf; fk;gh; vdg; Gfo;g; ngw;w ngUq; ftpQh; 1900 gpg;uthp %d;whk; ehs; ,aw;if va;jpdhh;. 612) E}w; F wpg; G : ,ul;rzpa ahj;jphpfk; vd;gjd; nghUs; (caph;> jd;idf; fhf;f Ntz; b ) ,iwtid Nehf; f pr; nry;Yk; gazk; vd;gJ. Md;k n`d;wp My;gh;lL ; fpUl;bddhh; top E}yhfj; jkpopy; ,ul; r zpa ahj; j phpfk; vd; D k; ngahpy; ,aw;wpdhh;.

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www.kalvisolai.com 613) epug;Gf: 1. fpwpj;jtf; fk;gh; vdg; Gfog; ngWgth; ______ Vr; . v fpUl; b ddhh; 2. ,ul;rzpa ahj;jphpfk; ______ E}iyj;jOtp ,aw;wg;gl;lJ. gpy; f phpk; ] ; GNuhfpu];

nghq;fy; jpUtpoh (ciueil)

614) jkpoh; jpUehs; vJ? nghq; f y; tpoh> ijj; j pq; f s; ehs; tpoh> jkpopdj; j pd; jdp tpoh> gz;ghl;Lg; ngUtpoh. 615) tsikapd; milahsNk ______! mWtilf; fhyk; 616) tPLk;> ehLk; J}a;ikg;gLfpw> Rw;Wg;gwr; #oiyg; Nghw;Wfpd;w ,dpa jpUehs; vJ? Nghfpj; jpUehs; 617) coTf;F cWJizahd khLfis ed;wpAzh;NthL kjpj;Jg; Nghw;wpLk; jpUehs; vJ? khl;Lg; nghq;fy; 618) Mapukhapuk; Mz;LfSf;F Kd;Ng Xhplj;jpy; epiyj;J coTj; njhopy; nra;J> gz;gl;l ehfhpf tho;it Nkw; nfhz;lth;fs; ahh;? jkpoh; f s; 619) Me;jpuh> fUehlfh Mfpa khepyq;f spy; kfu rq;fuhe;jp vdTk; [g;ghd;> [hth Kjypa ehLfspy; mWtilj; jpUtpoh vdTk; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ. 191


jkpofk; kl; L kd; w p ,yq; i f> kNyrpah> nkhhPrpaJ> rpq;fg;g+h;> ,q;fpyhe;J> mnkhpf;fh Nghd;w fly; fle;j ehLfspYk; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ.

(,yf; f zk; ) ahg;G - nra;As; cWg;Gfs; (mb> njhif)

620) mb vd;why; vd;d? rPhf ; s; gy mLj;J elg;gJ mb vdg; g Lk; . 621) mb vj;jid tifg;gLk;? mit ahit? mb Ie;J tifg;glk;. mit - 1. Fwsb> 2. rpe; j mb> 3. mstb> 4. nebyb> 5. fopnebyb. 622) Fwsb vd;why; vd;d? mbNjhWk; ,Ur;rhP f ; isg; ngw;W tUtJ Fwsb vdg;gLk;. v.fh.. Kf;jp Ntz;LNky; 623) rpe;jb vd;why; vd;d? mbNjhWk; %r;rPh;fisg; ngw;W tUtJ rpe;jb vdg;gLk;. v.fh gOjp yhJ gapw;wpdh;. 624) mstb vd;why; vd;d? mbNjhWk; ehd; F rP h ; f isg; ngw;W tUtJ mstb my;yJ Neub vdg;gLk;. v.fh tha;nkhop jg;gplh tifapy; Mw; W td; . 625) nebyb vd;why; vd;d? mbNjhWk; Ie;J rPhf ; isg; ngw;W tUtJ nebyb vdg;gLk;.

9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com v.fh eP L k; Filiaj; jhpj; j gpuhdpe;j ePs; epyj;jpy; 626) fopnebyb vd;why; vd;d? mbNjhWk; MW my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;l gy rPh;fisg; ngw;W tUtijf; fopnebyb vdf; $Wth; . 627) njhil vd;why; vd;d? kyh;fisj; njhLg;gJ NghyNt rPh;fspYk; mbfspYk; Nkhid Kjypad mikaj; njhLg;gJ njhil vdg;gLk;. 628) njhil vj; j id tifg; g Lk; ? mit ahit? njhif vl;L tifg;gLk;. mit - 1. Nkhidj; njhil> 2. vJifj; njhil> 3. Kuz; njhil> 4. ,iaGj; njhil> 5 . m s n g i l j ; njhil> 6. ,ul;ilj; njhil> 7. me;jhjpj; njhil> 8. nre; njhil. 629) Nkhidj; njhil vd;why; vd;d? nra; A spy; mbNjhWk; Kjy; vOj; J xd; w ptuj; njhLg; g J mbNkhidj; njhil vdg;gLk;. 630) vJifj; njhil vd;why; vd;d? mbNjhWk; KjnyOj;J msnthj; J (Xirapy; ) epw; f > ,uz; l hk; vOj; J xd; w ptuj; njhLg;gJ mbnaJifj; njhil vdg; g Lk; . 631) Kuz; njhil vd;why; vd;d? mbNjhWk; Kjw;rPh; Kuz;glj; njhLg; g J mbKuz; njhil vdg; g Lk; .

632) ,iaGj; njhil vd;why; vd;d? mbNjhWk; ,Wjpr;rPh; xd;wptuj; njhLg;gJ mb,iaGj; njhil vdg; g Lk; . 633) msngilj; njhil vd;why; vd;d? mbNjhWk; Kjy; rPh; msngLj;J tUtJ mbasngilj; njhil vdg; g Lk; .

Nkhid:

634) ,izNkhid vd;why; vd;d? ,izNkhid (1>2) ehyb nfhz;l rPUs; KjypU rP h ; f spy; KjnyOj; J xd; w p tuj; n jhLg; g J ,izNkhid vdg; g Lk; . 635) nghopg;G Nkhid (1>3) vd;why; vd;d? Xh; mbAs; Kjw;rhP pYk;> %d;whk; rPhpYk; KjnyOj;J xj;J tUtJ nghopg;G Nkhid vdg;gLk;. 636) x&cNkhid (1>4) vd;why; vd;d? Xh; mbAs; Kjw; rPhpYk;> ehd;fhk; rPhpYk; KjnyOj;J xd;wptuj; njhLg;gJ> xUcNkhid vdg;gLk;. 637) $ioNkhid (1>2>3) vd;why; vd;d? Xh; mbAs; Kjy;> ,uz;L> %d;whk; rP h ; f spy; KjnyOj; J xd; w p tUtJ $ioNkhid vdg;gLk;. 638) Nkw;fJtha;Nkhid (1>3>4) vd;why; vd;d? Xh; mbAs; Kjy;> %d;W> ehd;fhk; rPhf ; spy; KjnyOj;J xd;wptuj; njhLg;gJ Nkw;fJ tha;Nkhid.

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www.kalvisolai.com 639) fP o ; f ; f Jtha; Nkhid vd; w hy; vd;d? (1>2>4) XubAs; Kjy;> ,uz;L> ehd;fhk; rPhf ; spy; Kjy; vOj;J xd;wptuj; njhLg;gJ fPof ; f ; Jtha; Nkhid vdg; g Lk; . 640) Kw; W Nkhid (1>2>3>4) vd; w hy; vd;d? Xh; mbapd; ehd;F rPh;fspYk; KjnyOj;J xd;wptuj; njhLg;gJ Kw;WNkhid vdg;gLk;.

vJifj; njhil:

641) ,iz vJif vd;why; vd;d? (1>2) KjypU rPh;fspd; KjnyOj;J msnthj;J epw;f (Xirastpy;) ,uz; l hk; vOj; J xd; w ptuj; njhLg;gJ ,iz vJif vdg;gLk;. 642) nghopg;G (1>3) vd;why; vd;d? Xh; mbAs; Kjw; rPhpYk;> %d;whk; rPhpYk; KjnyOj;J msnthj;J epw;f> ,uz;lhk; vOj;J xd;wptuj; njhLg; g J nghopg; G vJif vdg;gLk;. 643) x&c vJif (1>4) vd;why; vd;d? Xh; mbAs; Kjy; rPhpYk; ehyhk; rPhpYk; KjnyOj;J msnthj;J epw;f> ,uz;lhk; vOj;J xd;wp tUtJ x&c vJif vdg;gLk;. 644) $io vJif (1>2>3) vd;why; vd;d? Xh; mbAs; Kjy;> ,uz;L> %d;whk; rPhf ; spy; KjnyOj;J msnthj;J epw;f> ,uz;lhk; vOj;J xd;wptuj; njhLg;gJ $io vJif vdg;gLk;.

645) Nkw;fJtha; vJif (1>3>4) vd;why; vd;d? Xh; mbAs; Kjy;> %d;W> ehd;fhk; rPhf ; spy; KjnyOj;J msnthj;J epw;f> ,uz;lhk; vOj;J xd;wptuj; njhLg;gJ Nkw;fJtha; vJif vdg; g Lk; . 646) fPof ; f ; Jtha; vJif (1>2>4) vd;why; vd;d? Xh; mbAs; Kjy;> ,uz;L> ehd;fhk; rPhf ; spy; KjnyOj;J msnthj;J epwf ; > ,uz;lhk; vOj;J xd;wptuj; njhLg;gJ fPo;f;fJtha; vJif vdg;gLk;. 647) Kw;nwJif (1>2>3>4) vd;why; vd;d? Xh; mbAs; cs;s ehw;rhP f ; spYk; KjnyOj;J msnthj;J epw;f> ,uz; l hk; vOj; J xd; w ptuj; njhLg;gJ Kw;nwJif vdg;glk;. 648) chpa tpiliaj; Njh;e;njOJf: 1. njhil ______ tifg;gLk;. vl; L 2. Kjy;> %d;W> ehd;fhk; rPhf ; spy; Nkhid xj;J tUtJ. Nkw; f Jtha; 3. mstbf;F ______ vd;Dk; NtW ngaUz;L. Neub 4. ,iznaJif vd;gJ ______ ______> rPhf ; spy; ,uz;lhk; vOj;J xd;wptuj; njhLg;gJ. 1>2

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www.kalvisolai.com 649) nghUj;Jf: m) $io --- 1>2>3 rPhf ; spy; tUk; M) Nkw;fJtha; -- 1>3>4 rPh;fspy; tUk; ,) fPo;f;fJtha; -- 1>2>4 rPh;fspy; tUk; 2>3>4 rPh;fspy; tUk; 650) jkpo;g; gonkhop:1) Anger is sworn enemy Nfhgk; Fyj;ijf; nfLf;Fk;. 2) Break my head and bring a plaster gps; i siaf; fps; s p tpl; L j; njhl;biyAk; Ml;LtJ. 3) There is danger in mens smiles njhOj ifAs;Sk; gil xLq;Fk;. 4) Like hand and glove efKk; rijAk; Nghy 5) Wealth is best known by want epoypd; mUik ntapypy; njhpAk;.

,ay; gj;J - nra;As; Xa;Tk; gaDk;

651) Xa;thf ,Uf;ifapy; jk;gp - eP Xtpak; tiue;J goF! -,g;ghliy ,aw;wpath; ahh;? ngUQ; r pj; j pudhh; 652) Mrphpah; Fwpg; G : ghtyNuW ngUQ; r pj; j pudhhpd; ,aw; n gah; Jiu> khzpf; f k; . ,tuJ Ch; Nryk; khtl;lj;jpYs;s rKj;jpuk;. ,thpd; ngw;Nwhh; Jiu rhkp> FQ;rk;khs; Mth;. 10.03.1933 md;W gpwe;j ,th;> 11.06.1995 Mk; ehs; kiwe;jhh;.

fdpr;rhW> Iia> nfha;ahf;fdp> ghtpaf; nfhj;J> gs;spg; gwitfs;> E}whrphpak; Kjypa gy E}y;fis ,aw;wpAs;shh;. njd; nkhop> jkpo;r; rpl;L> jkpo; epyk; Mfpa ,jo;fs; %yk; cyfj; jkpohpilNa jkpOzh;it ,e;E}y; FQ; R fSf; F > gwitfSf; F > kzpnkhop khiy vd;Dk; %d;W gphpTfshf mike;Js;sJ. 653) epug;Gf: 1. ,irahy; ______ kiwe;J NghFk;. Jd; g k; 2. cyf epfo;Tfis mwpe;jhy; ______ Nkk;gLk;. mwpTj; j pwd; 3. Vl;Lf;fy;tpawpTld; ______ fy;tpawpT? fiyaTk;> njhopw;fy;tp> mwptpaw; rpe;jid 4. gs;spg;gwitfs; E}y; ______gphpTfshf mike;Js;sJ. %d; W

vjph;fhyk; ahUf;F -- kPuh

654) cjph; f hyk; ,dpNkNy - vd; w vjph;fhyk; ahUf;F vd;w ghliy ghbath; ahh;? kP u h 655) nrhw;nghUs;: Njl;il -- nry;tk; 656) Mrphpah; Fwpg;G: kPuh vd;Dk; ngah; kP. ,uhNre;jpud; vd;gjd; RUf;fk;.

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www.kalvisolai.com ,th; 1938 Mk; Mz;L rptfq;ifapy; gpwe;jhh;. jhk; gbj;j rptfq;iff; fy; Y }hpapy; NguhrphpauhfTk; > Kjy; t uhfTk; gzpahw; w pdhh; . ,uhNre;jpud; ftpijfs;> %d;Wk; MWk; > NfhilAk; tre; j Kk; > Crpfs;> fdTfs; fw;gidfs; fhfpjq;fs;> Ff;$ Mfpa ftpij E}y;fisAk; th ,e;jg;gf;fk; kPuh fl;Liufs; Mfpa fl;Liu E}y;fisAk; gilj;Js;shh;. jkpo; tsh;r;rpf; fofg; ghpR> ghNte;jh; tpUJ> rpw;gp ,yf;fpa tpUJ> jkpo;r; rhd;Nwhh; Nguit tpUJ Kjypatw; i w toq; f pj; jkpOyfk; ,tiur; rpwg;gpj;Js;sJ. 657) E}w; F wpg; G : ,g;ghly; ,uhNre;jpud; ftpijfs; vd;Dk; njhFg;gpy; ,lk; ngw; W s; s J. ,g; g hly; f isj; njhFj;jth; Nre;jp cilaehjGuk; rP d pthrd; . ,e; E }y; > rpWJsp ngUnts;sk; vd;Dk; ngUe;jiyg;gp Ds; mOjj;Jspfs;> Njd; Jspfs; > fz; z P h ; j ; Jspfs; > gd;dPh;j;Jspfs;> kioj;Jspfs;> FUjpj;Jspfs; vd;Dk; rpWjiyg;G fspd; fPo; ehw;gj;ije;J ftpijfs; cs;sd. ,f;ftpij> kioj;Jspfs; vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ. 658) epug; G f: 1. Vh; gpbj;J ciog;gtUf;Ff; fpilg;gJ -------195


ey;y vjph;fhyk; 2. mwr;rhiy ------------ tpijg;ghUf;Nf fpl;Lk;. caph; f spd; ,d; d y; eP f ; F k; mUshsh; f ; F f;

caph; f ; N fhsk; (ciueil)

659) caphpdq; f s; tho; t jw; F Vw; w caph;fN; fhskhf mJ khWtjw;Fr; ------------------- Mz;Lfs; NkyhdJ. Rkhh; E}w;iwk;gJ Nfhb 660) caph; f s; Kjd; K jypy; vjpy; Njhd;wpd? eP h py; 661) ve;j mz;lj;jpy; epyTk; Nfhs;fspy; caphpdq;fs; tho ,ayh? re; j pud; > nrt; t ha; 662) epyj;jpy; kl;LNk caph;fs; tho ,aYkhjyhy;> mjid ______ vd toq;FfpNwhk;. caph; f ; N fhsk; . 663) caphpdq; f spd; ,ay; i g ahh; Muha;e;jd? mwpQh; 664) kdpjNd ______ ikak;. caph;f; Nfhsj;jpd; 665) caph;f;Nfhsk; jd;dfj;Nj gy ,aw;iff; fhl;rpfis fPof ; f ; hz;Nghk;? gue; j thd; n tspAk; > cah; e ; j kiyKfLk;> kiytPo; mUtpAk;> tw;whky; tsk; gug;Gk; MWk;> ftpd;kpF NrhiyAk;> fdpjUk; kuq;fs;> caphpdq;fSk; mjd; epiyfsd;fs; MFk;.

9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com 666) caph;fspd; tho;f;if ,aw;ifr; #o;epiyfshfpa ______> ______> nfhz;L eilngw;W tUfpd;wJ. fhw;W> ePh; 667) ______ kw;Wk; ______ epyg;gFjp fs; flypy; %o;fptpLtJk;> Gjpa epyj; Njhw;wq;fs; cUthtJk; cz;L. vhpkiyfs; > epyeLf; f q; f s; 668) kdpj tho;iff;Fj; Njitahd ______> ______> Kjypatw;iw toq;Ffpd;wJ. cg; G > jhJg; n ghUs; 669) f l y ; v d ; d n g h U s ; f i s mspf;fpd;wJ? Kj;J> gtsk;> fpspQ;ry;> flw;gQ;R> rq;F 670) ePhg ; g ; hfj;ij ______ vd;Wk;> fhw;W kz; l yj; i j ______ vd; W k; $Wth;. eP h ; f ; N fhsk; > tspf; N fhsk; 671) fhw;W kz;lyj;jpd; fyit ahJ? caph;tsp ( Mf;rprd;) 21% cg;Gtsp (iel;burd;) 78% kw;w tspfs; 1% 672) Rw;W #oy; vd;gJ vd;d? caphpdq;fs; thOk; gFjpapy; cs;s epyk;> ePh;> fhw;W Nghd;wit mlq;fpa epiyfs;. 673) cyf tspf;Nfhsk;> cauj;ijAk; ntg;gepiyiaAk; mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L gy gphpTfspy; ,uz;L vJ? mbtsp kz; l yk; > Nky; t sp kz; l yk;

674) mbtsp kz;lyk; vd;why; vd;d? epyj; j pd; ntg; g epiyia xNu rP u hd epiyapy; itj; j pUf; f g; nghpJk; cjTfpwJ. 675) Nky;tsp kz;lyk; vd;why; vd;d? caph; t spg; glyk; (XNrhd; ) caph; f s; nropf; f ,aw; i f mspj;jpUf;Fk; ghJfhg;G muzhFk; . 676) fjputdplkpUe;J ntsptUk; Gw Cjhff; fjph;fs; epyg;gug;igj; jhf;fhj tifapy; ve;j glyk; jLf;fpwJ? caph;tspg; glyk; (XNrhd;) 677) Fsph;gjdg; ngl;bapy; gad;gLj;jg; gLk; -------- ,t;Taph; tspg;glyj;ijr; rpijg;gjpy; ngUk;gq;F tfpf;fpwJ. FNshNuh/ GSNuh fhh; g d; 678) jpz;k> ePh;k> thAg;nghUs; fopTf shy; vJ rPh;NfL milfpd;wJ? epyk;> ePh;> fhw;W 679) epyk; khRiltjw;fhd fhuzk;? Fg;igfs;> tptrhaf; fopTfs;> njhopw; r hiyf; fopTfs; . 680) fhw;W khRiltjw;fhd fhuzk;? Nghf;Ftuj;J Ch;jpfs;> njhopwr; hiy fspypUe;J ntsptUk; er;Rg;Gif> mZkpd; epiyaq;fs; ntspNaw; Wk; fjphpaf; f khR Kjypa tw;wpdhy; fhw;W ngUksT khR milfpd;wJ.

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www.kalvisolai.com 681) kuq; f isj; njhlh; e ; J mopj; J tUtjdhy; ______ epfo;fpd;wd. epyr;rhpT> kz; mhpgG; > kioapdi ; k 682) kiotsk; ngUf ______ tsh;jj ; y; Ntz;Lk;. kuk;

,yf;fzk; mzp

683) mzp vd;why; vd;d? jk; fw;gid Mw;wyhYk; nkhopg; GyikahYk; nrhy;yp Yk; nghUspYk; moF Nrh; j ; J g; ghly;fs; ,aw;Wth; ,j;jifa nra;Al;fspy; fhzg;gLk; moNf. 684) VfNjr cUtf mzp vd;why; vd;d? ftpQh; jhk; vLj;Jf; nfhz;l gynghUs;fis cUtfg;gLj;jpf; $Wk; N ghJ xd; i w kl; L k; cUtfg;gLj;jp> mjNdhL njhlh;G ila kw;nwhd;iw cUtfg;gLj; jhky; tpLtJ. 685) ,y;nghUS ctikazp vd;why; vd;d? cyfpy; ,y; y hj nghUis xd;wpw;F ctikahf;fpf; $WtJ ,y;nghUs; ctik mzp vdg;gLk;. 686) gpwpJnkhopjy; mzp vd;why; vd;d? Gytd;> jhd; fUjpa nghUis Neubahfr; nrhy;yhky;> mjNdhL njhlh;G ciladtw;iwr; nrhy;yp tpsq;fitg;gJ gpwpJ nkhopjy; mzp MFk;.

687) Ntw;Wikazp vd;why; vd;d? nra; A spy; ,UnghUs; f Sf; F ,ilNa cs; s xg; G ikiaf; $wpa gpdd ; h; mtw;iw NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;LtJ Ntw;Wik mzpahFk;. 688) epuy;epiw mzp vd;why; vd;d? nrhy;iyAk;> nghUisAk; thpirahf (epuyhf) epWj; j p> NeNu nghUs; nfhs;tJ epuy; epiw mzpahFk;.


689) 1) xUikr; nrhw;fisg; gd;ikahf khw;Wf (v.fh) ahidapd; fz; rpwpaJ ahidapd; fz;fs; rpwad 2) gz;ikia xUikahf khw;Wf: (v.fh) gRTk; fd;Wk; Nka;ej ; d gRTld; fd;W Nka;e;jJ. 690) ,izahd jkpo;g; gonkhopia mwpf 1. a wolf in sheeps clothing gRj;Njhy; Nghh;j;jpa Gyp 2. union is strength xw;WikNa typik 3. no smoke with out fire neUg;gpy;yhky; GifahJ. 4. might is right ty;yhd; tFj;jNj tha;f;fhy; 5. many things fall betaeen the cup and the lip

iff;F vl;baJ vl;ltpy;iy.

tha;f;F

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1. 2.

3.

4. 5.

gj;jhk; tFg;G ,ay; - 1 nra;As; - tho;j;J

6.

“nka;jhd; mUk;gp tpjpHtpjpHj;” vd;Dk; ghliy ,aw;wpatH ahH? khzpf; f thrfH khzpf;fthrfH Fwpg;G? irt rkaf;FutH ehy;tUs; xUtH khzpf;fthrfH. ,tH kJiuf;F mUfpy; jpUthjt+upy; gpwe;jtH. mupkHj;jd ghz;badplk; jiyik aikr; r uhfg; gzpahw; w patH. “mKJ mbaile;j md;gH” vd;gH. ,tH mUspa E}y;fs; “jpUthr fKk; jpUf;NfhitahUk; MFk;. ,tH vOg;gpa Nfhtpy; jw;NghJ MTilahh; Nfhtpy; vd toq;fg;gLk; jpUg;ngUe;Jiwapy; (GJf;Nfhl;il khtl; l k; ) cs; s J. ,tH jk; fhyk; fp.gp.xd;gjhk; E}w;whz;L MFk;. "jpUthrfKk; jpUf;NfhitahUk;" irtj; j pU Kiwfspd; ve; j jpUKiwapy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ? vl;lhk; jpUKiwapy; jpUthrfj;jpy; vj;jidg; ghly;fs; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ? 658 jpUthrfj;jpd; rpwg;ig czHe;j [p.A.Nghg; vk; n khopapy; nkhop ngaHj;jhH? Mq; f pyj; j py;

7. 1. 2. 3. 4.

"rjfk;;" - vd;gjd; nghUs; vd;d? E}W ghly;fs; nghUj;Jf nrhy; - nghUs; tpiu cly; foy; ngUfp jJk;gp kzk; nka; mzpfyd; tpil:(1 2 3 4)

jpUf; F ws; xOf; f Kilik

rpwg; G $Wfs; : Kjw;ghtyH> nja;tg;GytH> nre;ehg;NghjhH> ngha;apy; GytH> ngUehtyH Kjypa ngaHfshy; Nghw;Wfpd;wJ. ,tuJ fhyk; fp.K 31,y; gpwe;jtH. jkpof muR ijj; jpq;fs; ,uz;lhk; ehisj; jpUts;StH ehshf mwptpj;Jf; nfhz;lhb tUfpd;wJ. jpUf;Fws; gjpndz;fPo;f;fzf;F E}y;fSs; xd;W. Mq;fpyk;> fpNuf;fk;> ,yj;jd P ; Kjypa cyfnkhopfs; gytw;wpYk; ,e;E}iy nkhopngaHf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. jpUts;Stkhiy vd;Dk; E}y; ,tuJ ngUikfisg; Gfo;fpwJ. 8. jpUf;Fwis ve;j Mz;L ahH gjpg;gpj;jhH? kiyaj; J trd; kfd; Qhdg; gpufhrk; 1812,y; jQ; i rapy; ntspapl; l tH.

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www.kalvisolai.com 9.

",izapy;iy Kg;ghYf;F ,e;epyj;Nj" vdg; ghbatH ahH? ghujpjhrd; 10. cupa nrhy;iyj; NjHe;njOJf:m) ,Wtiu fhzpd; _____ (fpof;fhk;/fpsf;fhk;jiy) tpil: fpof;fhk; M) kdtypikAilNahH vd;Dk; nghUs; jUk; nrhy; _____ (cuNthH/cwNthH) tpil: cwNthH

Vyhjp fzpNkjhtpahH

11. MrpupaH Fwpg;G: rkz rkaj;jtH fhyk; fp.gp.Ie;jhk; E}w; w hz; L .,tH "jpizkhiy E}w;iwk;gJ" vd;Dk; E}iyAk; ,aw;wpAs;shH. gjpndz; fPo;f; fzf;F E}y;fSs; Vyhjp xd;W. 81 ntz;ghf;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,ytq;fk;> rpWehtw;g+> Rf;F> kpsF> jpg; g pyp Mfpatw; w pdhy; Md kUe;Jg; nghUSf;F Vyhjp vd;gJ ngaH.

ciueil caHjdpr; nrk;nkhop

12. “tPWil nrk;nkhop jkpo;nkhop cyfk; Nt&d; w pa ehs; K jy; capHnkhop" vd;w tup vOjpatH “ghtyNuW ngUQ; r pj; j pudhH" 13. jpUe;jpa gz;Gk;> rPHj;j ehfupfKk; nghUe; j pa J}a; n khop jkpo; r ; nrk;nkhopahk;" vd;W gupjpkhw;

14.

15.

16. 17.

18. 19. 20.

fiyQH nrk;nkhopf;F ,yf;fzk; tFj;Js;shH. gjpdhW nrt;tpay; jd;ikfisf; nfhz;lJ nrk;nkhop vd;gH mit ahit? 1. njhd;ik 2.Kd;ik 3.Ez;ik 4. jpzi ; k 5.vz;ik 6.xz;ik 7. ,dpik 8.jdpik 9.,sik 10.tsik 11.jha;ik 12.J}a;ik 13.Kk;ik 14.nrk;ik 15.,ad;ik 16.tpad;ik 2000 Mz; L fSf; F Nkw; g l; l tuyhw;Wj; njhd;ikAila nkhopfs; rpyNt ,tw;Ws; tof;fpoe;J Nghd nkhop ahit? jkpo;> rPdk;> rk];fpUjk;> ,yj;jd P .; fpNuf;fk;> ,yj;jD P k;> njYq;F> kiyahsk;> JStk; rq; f ,yf; f paq; f spd; nkhj; j mbfs; vj;jid? 26>350 “fkpy; R tygpy; " ve; j ehl; L nkhopapay; NguwpQuhthH? nrf; ehl;L “khf; R Ky; y h; " vd; D k; nkhop E}ywpQNuh jkpNo kpfTk; gz;gl;l nkhop nad;Wk;> mJ jdf;Nf cupa ,yf;fpar; nry;tq;fisg;

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21. 22.

23.

24.

25. 26.

27.

ngw; w pUf; F k; nkhopnad; W k; ghuhl;bapUf;fpd;whH. rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fis ,g;gbAk; miog;gH? kf;fs; ,yf;fpak; jkpo; ,yf;fzk; gbf;fg; gbf;f tpUg;gj;ij cz;lhf;FtJ vd;ghH ahH? nfy; y l; njhy; f hg; g paupd; Mrpupauhfpa mfj;jpaH ve;j Ie;J ,yf;fzq; fis vOjpAs;shH? vOj;J> nrhy;> nghUs;> ahg;G> mzp> ,d; E }Yf; F mfj; j pak; vd; g J ngaH. "ahJk; CNu> ahtUk; NfspH" GwehD}W "gpwg;nghf;Fk; vy;yh capHf;Fk;" - jpUf;Fws; kf; f l; gz; g py; y hjhiu vjw; F xg;gpLfpwhH ts;StH? kuk; "murpay; gpioj;NjhHf;F mwk; $w;whFk;" vd;w mwnewp fUj;ij $Wk; E}y; vJ? rpyg; g jpfhuk; ,d;iwa nkhopapay; ty;YeHfs; Ngzpg; gpd;gw;wj;jf;f topKiw fisj; njhy;fhg;gpak; $Wfpd;wJ vd;wtH ahH? KidtH vkpNdh

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www.kalvisolai.com 34. gupjpkhw;fiyQH ,aw;wpa ew;wkpo; ehlfq;fs; ahit? &ghtjp> fyhtjp 35. "rpj; j puf; f tp" vd; D k; E}iy vOjpatH ahH? gupjpkhw; f iyQH 36. FkuFUguupd; ePjpnewp tpsf;fj;jpd; vj;jid ghly;fSf;F ciunaOjp ciuahrpupauhfTk; tpsq;fpdhH? 51 ghly;fs; 37. K.rp.g+Hzypq;fk; njhlq;fp itj;j ______ vd;Dk; ,jiog; gupjpkhw; fiyQH elj;jpdhH. QhdNghjpdp 38. 33mfitapy; ,aw;if va;jpdhH? gupjpkhw; f iyQH(2.11.1903)

,yf;fzk;: vOj;J

m.

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39. 1. 2. 3. 4.

nghUj; J f:Ifhuf;FWf;fk; -m) K/BJ xsfhuf;FWf;fk; -M) jiytd; Ma;jf;FWf;fk; -,) Nghd;k; kfuf;FWf;fk; - 2- 3-m> 4-,

,ay;-2 nra;As; rpyg; g jpfhuk; (kJiuf; f hz; l k; ) (tof;Fiu fhij)

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www.kalvisolai.com 42. Ik; n gUq; f hg; g paq; f s; vd; g it vit?vit? 1. rpyg;gjpfhuk; 2. kzpNkfiy 3. rPtfrpe;jhkzp 4. tisahgjp 5. Fz;lyNfrp 43. rpyg; g jpfhuj; i j vt; t ifapy; mike;Js;sJ? ,irehlfkhf 44. rpyg;gjpfhuk; czHj;Jk; %d;W cz;ikfs; ahit? 1. murpay; gpioj; N jhHf; F mwq;$w;whFk;> 2.ciurhy; gj;jpdpia caHe;NjhH Vj;JtH 3. Co;tpid cUj;J te;J Cl;Lk; 45. ghz;ba kd;ddpd; JiwKfk; nfhw; i f

jkpo; t sHr; r p ghNte;jH ghujpjhrd;

46. ghNte;jH ghujpjhrdpd; ,aw;ngaHRg;Guj;jpdk; gpwg;G : 1891 Vg;uy; 29 GJitapy; gpwe;jhH. jha;: ,yf;Fkp je;ij : fdfrig gilg;Gfs; :FLk;gtpsf;F> ,Uz;l tPL> jkpopaf;fk;> ghz;bad; gupR> mofpd; rpupg;G

,ay; - 2 ciueil nghpahupd; ngz;tpLjiyr; rpe; j idfs;

47. Nfhbl;l ,lq;fis epug;Gf:1. jkpoHfsplk; ,d; W gutpAs; s _______ xd;W cz;L. ngUNeha; 2. ngupahH r%f _______ vjpHj;jtH@ %lf;fUj;Jfis _______ Kuz;fis> Kl;lWj;jth;

1. 2. 3.

4.

,ay; - 2 ,yf;fzk; nrhy;

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njhifr; n rhw; f is tpupj; n jOJf

48. ,Utpid - 1. ey;tpid 2. jPtpid 49. Kj;jkpo; 1.,ay; 2.,ir 3.ehlfk;

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2.Nrhod; 2.Ky; i y 4.nea; j y; 2. Ky;iy 4. nea;jy;

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57. tlnkhopapy; fk;guhkhazj;ij thy;kPfp KdptH vOjpdhH. fk;gH jhk; ,aw;wpa E}Yf;F ,uhkht jhuk; vdg; ngaupl;lhH. 58. fk;guhkhazj;jpy; cs;s 6 fhz;lq;fs; 1. ghyfhz;lk; 2. mNahj;jpah fhz;lk; 3. Muz;a fhz;lk; 4. fpl;fpe;jh fhz;lk; 5. Re;ju fhz;lk; 6. Aj;j fhz;lk; 59. "jkpOf;Ff; fjp" vd;w rpwg;Gk; fk;guhkhazj;jpw;F cz;L. 60. Ffg;glyj;ij fq;ifg;glyk; vdTk; $Wth;. nghUj;Jf:1. ,lH - epyT 2. ehtha; - Jd;gk; 3. ,iw - glF 4. ,e;J - jiytd; tpil: 1.Jd;gk; 2.glF 3.jiytd; 4.epyT

ciueil mz; z y; mk; N gj; f H

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www.kalvisolai.com 62. fy; t pg; g azk; : gs;sp- 1908 ,y; vy;gpd] ; l ; d; gs;spapy; caHepiyg;gbg;G 1912 ,y; gk;gha; vy;gpd;];ld; fy;Y}upapy; ,sq; fiyg;gl;lk; ngw;whH. 1915 ,y; mnkupff ; htpy; nfhyk;gpah gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; KJfiyg; gl;lk;. 1916 ,y; ,yz;ld; nghUshjhuj;jpy; KidtH gl;lk; ngw;whH. kPzL ; k; ,yz; l d; nrd; W mwptpay; KJfiyg; gl; l Kk; ghup]; l H gl;lKk; ngw;whH. 63. mk; N gj; f H Kjypy; elj; j g; ngw; w Nghuhl; l q; f s; ! 1924Mk; Mz;L Nfushtpy; itf;fj;jpy; elj;jpa xLf;fg;gl;NlhH MyaEioT Kaw;rpAk;>1927 Mk; Mz;L khHr;R jpq;fs; ,Ugjhk; ehs; mk; N gj; f H kuhl; b aj; j py; kfhj; J f; Fsj; j py; elj; j pa jz;zHP vLf;Fk; Nghuhl;lKk; kdpj cupikf;fhf Kjypy; elj;jg; ngw;w Nghuhl;lq;fs; vdyhk;. 64. tl;lNkir khehL ve;j Mz;L eilngw;wJ? 1930 65. ,e;jpa murpay; mikg;Gr;rl;lk; tFf;f vj;jid NgH nfhz;l FO mikf;fg;gl;lJ? vOtH 66. ,e; j pah KOikahd FbauR ehlhfj; jd; i d mwptpj; J f; nfhz;l ehs;? 1950 - 1 - 26 ehs;

67. k f ; f s ; f y ; t p f ; f o f j ; i j j ; Njhw;Wtpj;jtH ahH? ve;j Mz;L? mk;Ngj;fH 1946 68. Fwpg; G :rpj;jhHj;jh caHfy;tp epiyaj;jpy; ,d; i wa mwpT tsHr; r pf; F Ntz;ba midj;J ghlq;fSk; fw;gpf;fg;gLfpwJ. 69. ",e;jpahtpd; Njrpag; gq;FtPjk;" - vd;w E}ypd; MrpupaH ahH? mk; N gj; f H 70. mk;Ngj;fH GfOlk;G va;jpa ehs;? 1956 Mk; Mz;L jprk;gH jpq;fs; Mwhk; ehs; 71. ,e;jpa muR ghuj uj;dh (,e;jpa khkzp) vd;Dk; caupa tpUij mz; z y; mk; N gj; f Uf; F ve; j Mz;L toq;fp ngUikg;gLj;jpaJ? 1990

Jizg; g hlk; md;whl tho;tpy; rl;lk;

72. murpay; rhrdj;jpd; 19(1) MtJ gpuptpdg; b Fbkf;fs; xt;nthUtUf;Fk; KOikahd Ngr;Rupik> vOj;Jupik cz;L. 73. jfty; mwpTk; cupikr;rl;lk; ruj; vd;d? 2005 gpupT 6

,yf;fzk; - nghJ

74. vOj;jpyf;fzk;>nrhy;ypyf;fzk; Mfpa ,uz; b Yk; $wg; g lhj nghJthd nra;jpfs; nrhy;yg;gLt jhy; ,J nghJ vd miof;fg; gLfpwJ 204


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www.kalvisolai.com 75. "xUnkhop xopjd; ,dq;nfhsw; Fupj;Nj" vd;w E}l;gh ,lk; ngw;w E}y;? ed; D }y; (359) 76. ,stofd; te;jhd; ,J ________ njhlH m) Fwpg;G M) ntspg;gil ,) vJTkpy;iy tpil: M 77. "khL" vd;Dk; nrhy; _____ MFk;. m) caHjpizg; nghJg;ngaH M) m/wpizg; nghJg;ngaH ,) tpuTg;ngaH tpil: M 78. khL fd;iw kz; 3.,dq;Fwpj;jy; - khL ghy; fwe;jJ tpil. 1. fy;>kz; 2. khL ghy; fwe;jJ 3. NrhW cz;lhd; 79. ,sikg; ngaHfisg; ngUj;Jf 1. ML - fd;W 2. khd; - gps;is 3. fPup - Fl;b 4. rpq;fk; - FQ;R 5. Nfhop - Fuis tpil: 1. Fl;b 2. fd;W 3. gpsi ; s 4. FUis> 5. FQ;R

80. gpwnkhopr;nrhw;fSf;Fupa jkpo;r; nrhw;fis vOJf:1. N\j;jpuq;fs; NjhWk; nrd;W tpf;fpuq;fis topgLf. Gz; z paj; j ye; N jhWk; nrd; W flTs; rpiyfis topgLf. 2. ,k;khu;ff ; j;jpy; ahj;jpiu nry;Yq;fs; ,t; t opNa Gz; z pag; gazk; nry; Y q; f s; . 3. ,e;j \Hl; kpfTk; fh];ly ; pahdJ. ,e;j Nkyhil kpFe;j tpiy kjpg; G s; s J. 4. ehis elf;f tpUf;Fk; Nkl;rpy; ,e;jpah fz;bg;ghf tpd; nra;Ak; ehis elf;ftpUf;Fk; Nghl;bapy; ,e; j pah cWjpaha; ntw; w p ngWk; . 5. ehd; ,e;jf; fhNy[pd; Xy;l; ];Llz;l; ehd; ,e;jf; fy;Y}hpapd; Nkdhs; khztd; .

,ay; - 4 nra;As; - ew;wpiz

81. kpisfpohd; ey;Ntl;ldhH vOjpa ghly; ek; ghlg;gFjpapy; cs;sJ. kpis vd;Dk; Cupy; gpwe;jt uhjyhy;> kpisfpohd; ey;Ntl;ldhH vd;Dk; ngaH ngw;whH. 82. "ey;" vd;W milnkhop nfhLj;Jg; Nghw;wg;gLtJk; ew;wpizNa! 83. ew; w pizapd; njhFg; g pj; j tH gd;dhL je;j khwd; tOjp

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www.kalvisolai.com 784. ew; w pizg; ghly; f s; ehD}W ghbNdhH 275 85. ew;wpiz xd;gjbr; rpw;nwy;iyAk; _____ Ngnuy;iyAk; nfhz;l E}y;. gd;dpuz;L mbg; 86. "mup" vd;Dk; nrhy;ypd; nghUs; _____ new; f jph;

GwehD}Wf; fz; z fdhH

87. Nfhg;ngUQ;Nrhodpd; mitf;fsg; GytHfSs; xUtuhf jpfo;e;jtH? fz; z fdhH 88. vl;Lj;njhif E}y;fSs; xd;W GwehD}W

ciueil Ngr; R f; f iy

89. Ez;zpa E}y; gy fw;wtHf;Nf mike;j mupa fiy _____ m) Xtpaf;fiy M) ,irf;fiy ,) Ngr;Rf;fiy tpil: , 90. Nkilg;Ngr;rpy; kf;fis "tapW typf;Fk;" vd;gJ 3. kiwtpil - ,jidr; nra;thah? vdpy; "ePNa nra;" vd;gJ 4.cWtJ $wy; - ",jd; nghUs; ahJ?" vd MrpupaH khztuplk; Nfl;gJ tpilfs;: 1. ,jd; nghUs; ahJ? vd MrpupaH khztuplk; Nfl;gJ 2. ,jidr; nra;thah? vdpy;> “ePNa nra;” vd;gJ 3. tUthah? vdpy; > “thNud;” vd;gJ 4. cz; l hah? vdpy; > “tapW typf;Fk;” vd;gJ 92. Nfhbl;l ,lq;fis epug;Gf:m) xU nghUs; Fwpj; J tUk; nrhw;fisNa _____ vd;gH. xUnghUl; gd; n khop M) xU nghUl; gd;nkhopf;Fr; rhd;W _____ Xq;fp cah;ej ; ,) ',J nra;th' vd;Dk; tpdhtpwF ; "tapW typf;Fk;" vdf; $WtJ _____ tpil cWtJ $wy; mwpahtpdh> Iatpdh> nfhsy; tpdh> nfhil tpdh> Vty; tpdh 94. tpil vj;jid tifg;gLk;?mit ahit? vl;L tifg;gLk; Rl;L tpil> kiwtpil> NeH tpil> Vty; tpil> tpdh vjpHtpdhjy; tpil> cw;wJiuj;jy; tpil> cWtJ $wy; tpil> ,dnkhop tpil

,ay; -5 nra;As; - ngupaGuhzk; mg;g+jpabfs; Guhzk;

95. MrpupaH Fwpg; G ngupaGuhzj; i j mUspatH Nrf;fpohH gpwg;G - Fd;wj;J}upy; gpwe;jtH (fhQ;rpGuk; khtl;lk;) ,aw;ngaH - mUz;nkhopj;NjtH gzp - meghar; Nrhodplk; jiyik mikr;ruhfj; jpfo;ej ; tH ngw;w gl;lk; - cj;jk Nrhog; gy;ytH vd;Dk; gl;lk; ngw;wtH rpwg;G ngaH - nja;tr; Nrf;fpohH vd;Wk; njhz;lHrPH guTthH fhyk; - fp.gp.12 E}w;whz;L

96. E}w; F wpg; G jdpabahH - 63 njhifabahH - 9 nkhj;jk; rptdbahH = 72 97. ngupaGuhzj;jpw;F Nrf;fpohH ,l;l ngaH "jpUj; n jhz; l H Guhzk; " 98. "cynfyhk;" vd;W mbnaLj;Jf; nfhLf;fg; ghlg;ngw;w njdTk; $WgtH? jpy;iy eluhrg; ngUkhd; 99. "gj;jpr; Ritedp nrhl;lr; nrhl;lg; ghba ftp tyt" vd;W Gfo;e;J iuj;jtH ahH? kfhtpj;Jthd; kPdhl;rpRe;judhH 100. "cyfk;> capH> flTs;" Mfpa %d;iwAk; xUq;Nf fhl;Lk; fhtpae; jhd; ngupaGuhzk; vd;wtH ahH? jpU.tp.fypahzRe; j udhH 101. jk; tPlb ; Ys;s midj;Jg; nghUs; fSf; F k; jpUehTf; f urH vdg; ngaH #l;batH _____ mg; g +jpabfshH 102. nghUj;Jf:1. Nkjp - m) rptd; 2. re;jk; - M) vUik 3. Nfhjpy; - ,) moF 4. mq;fzH - 2-,> 3- 4-m

ciueil

jpiug;glf;fiy cUthd fij

103. xspg;glk; vLf;Fk; Kiwia ve;j Mz;L vl;tHL ikgpupl;R fz;Lgpbj;jhH? 1830

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www.kalvisolai.com 104. glr;RUs; cUthf;Fk; Kiwia fz;Lgpbj;jtH? kf;fs; jpyfk; vd;W Nghw;wg;gl;lhH. 112. m w p Q H m z ; z h m t H f s ; vk;.[p.,uhkr;re;jpuid ,jaf;fdp vd;W Nghw;wpdhH. 113. 1963 Mk; Mz;L nrd;id khepyr; rl;l kd;w Nkyit cWg;gpduhdhH. 114. 1967 Mk; Mz;L eilngw;w nghJj; NjHjypd; NghJ guq; f pkiyj; njhFjpapy; Nghl;baplL ; ntw;wp ngw;whH. 115. 1972 Mk; Mz; L jhkpUe; j ,af;fj;jpypUe;J tpyfpg; Gjpa fl;rpiaj; njhlq;fpdhH. 116. 1977 Mk; Mz;L eilngw;w jkpofr; rl;lkd;wj; NjHjypy; ngU ntw;wp ngw;W Kjy;tuhfg; gjtp Vw;whH. 117. nrd;idg; gy;fiyf;fofk; mtuJ gzpfisg; ghuhl;b> lhf;lH gl;lk; toq;fpaJ. 118. kj;jpa muR mtHjk; gzpiag; ghuhl;b caupa tpUjhd ghujuj;dh (,e;jpakhkzp)tpUJ toq;fpaJ. ,t;tpUJ mtUila kiwTf;Fg; gpd; 1988 Mk; Mz;L toq;fg;gl;lJ.

ctk cUG - njhlH 1. Nghy - fpspNghyg; Ngrpdhs; 2. Giua - Nta;Giu Njhs; 3. xg;g - jhnahg;gg; NgRk; kfs; 4. cwo - KoT cwo; jlf;if

9842649140

www.kalvisolai.com 5. md;d - kyud;d Nrtb "Nghy Giua xg;g cwo khd fLg;g ,iag Va;gg ; Neu epfu md;d ,d;d vd;gTk; gpwTk; ctkj; JUNg." ed;D}y; 367 ctik cUtfk; mKjnkhop nkhopaKJ faw;fz; fz;fay; Njd;jkpo; jkpo;jN; jd; g+tpuy; tpuy;g+ kjpKfk; Kfkjp kyub mbkyH Kj;Jg;gy; gy;Kj;J tpw;GUtk; GUttpy; kyHg;ghjk; ghjkyH

,ay; MW nra;As;: jkpo; tpL J}J

E}w; F wpg; G :1. Nghypg; G ytHfisj; jiyapy; Fl;Lgth; _____ mjptP u uhk ghz; b ad; . 2. ehy;tifg; ghf;fSk; taYf;F _____ mike;Js;sd. tug; G fsha; "nrtpia mWg; g jw; F tpy; y p Gj;J}uZk; jiyia ntl;Ltjw;F xl; l f; $ j; j Dk; ,Ue; j ikahy; jkpNo eP fpisj; J r; nropj; J tsh;e;jha;

,ay; - 6 ciueil njhd;ikj; jkpofk;

119) "kdpj ehfhpfj; njhl;by;" vd;W miof;fg;gLtJ? ,nyKhpah 120) ve;j gaph; tiffis jkpoh;fs; tpw;whh;fs;? ney;> fk;G> Nrhsk;> Nfo;tuF> jpid> rhik> tuF Kjypa jhdpa tiffisAk;> cSe;J> fliy> mtiu> Jtiu> jl;il> gr;ir> nfhs;S> vs;S Kjypa gaW tiffisAk; jkpoh;fs; tpw; w hh; f s; . 121) fpwpj;J gpwg;gjw;F Kd;Ng fpNuf;fk;> cNuhkGhp> vfpgJ ; Mfpa ehLfSf;F vg;nghUs;fis mDg;gg;gl;ld? mhprpAk;> kapy;NjhifAk;> re; j dKk; . 122) fp.K.gj;jhk; E}w;whz;by; murd; rhykDf; F ahidj; je; j Kk; > kapy;NjhifAk;> thridg; nghUs; f Sk; jkpofj; j pypUe; J mDg;gg;gl;ld. 123) kJiuj; jkpo; r ; r q; f j; i jNa Fwpf;Fk; GwehD}W> gupghlypy; ,lk; ngw;w nrhw;fs; ahit? jkpo;nfO $ly;> jkpo; Ntyp 124) "$lypy; Ma;e;j xz;jPe; jkpopd;" - vd;w tup ,lk; ngw;w E}y; vJ? kzpthrfk;

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www.kalvisolai.com 125) ghzd;> ghbdp> $j;jd;> tpwyp vd;W ,aypir ehlff; fiyQh;fs; ,Ue;jikiaAk; mwpa KbfpwJ. 126) "gz;nzhL jkpnohg;gha;" - vd;w tup ,lk; ngw;w E}y;? Njthuk; 127) "cOJz;L tho;thNu tho;thh;" vd;w tup ,lk; ngw;w E}y;? jpUf; F ws; 128) "fspW vwpe;J ngah;jy; fhisf;Ff; flNd" vd;Dk; gupghly; 129) jdf;Ftikapy;yh xU --------------jkpo; ,dk;. jdp,dk;

Jizg;ghlk;:- jw;fhyj; njhy;ypay; Ma;Tfs;

130) n j h y ; y p a i y M q ; f p y j ; j p y ; "Mh;ff ; pahy[p" vdf; Fwpg;gpLth;. 131) ,e;jpaj; njhy;ypay; Jiwapdh; 1963 Mk; Mz;L g+k;Gfhh; mUfpy; cs;s fPohh;ntsp vd;Dk; ,lj;jpy; Nkw;nfhz;l fly; mfoha;tpd; NghJ fp.K. %d;whk; E}w;whz;ilr; rhh;ej ; fl;ll ,bghLfs; fz;lwpag; gl;ld. 132) KJkf;fs; jhopfs; vd;why; vd;d? gz;ila fhyj;jpy; ,we;Njhiu mth;fs; gad;gLj;jpa nghUs; fSld; xU jhopapyplL ; g; Gijf;Fk; tof; f k; ,Ue; j J. ,t; t ifj; jhopfisNa KJkf;fs; jhopfs; vd; f pNwhk; .

,yf;fzk;

Gzh;r;rp

133) ,Unrhw;fs; NrUk;NghJ Njhd;wy;> nfLjy;> jphpjy; Mfpa khw;wq;fs; Vw; g Lkhapd; mtw; i w tpfhug; Gzh;r;rp vd;gh;. (v.L) 1. thio + gok; - thiog;gok; - Njhd;wy; 2. kuk; + Nth; - kuNth; - nfLjy; 3. nghd; + Flk; - nghw;Flk; jphpjy; 134) chpa tpiliaj; Njh;e;njOJf:1. tlf;F vd;Dk; jpirg;ngaNuhL gpw jpirfs; te;J NrUk; NghJ _____ m) epiynkhop ,ilAfuk ,) Mjy; ,) ,dkpfy; tpil: , 135) nghUj; J f:1. mb mfuk; I mjk; - m) ntw;wpiy 2. MjpePly; -- M) fUk;gyif

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www.kalvisolai.com 3. ,dkpfy; -- ,) igq;$o; 4. jd;ndhw;wpul;ly; - 2- 3-M> 4- m

,ay; VO nra;As; jpUf;Fws; nghpahiuj; Jizf;Nfhly;

136) ,y;yhiu ----------- vs;Sth;. vy; y hUk; 137) mwdPDk; ,d;gKk; jpUehTf;furUf;Fg; ngw;Nwhh; ,l;l ngah; kUzPf;fpahh;. ,tUf;Fj; jUkNrdh;> mg;gh;> thrPrh; vd;Dk; NtW ngah;fSk; cz;L. ,tuJ newp njhz;L newp.

irt mbahu;fis ehad;khu;fs; vd;W toq;Fth;. ,th;fs; mWgj;J %th;. irt rkaf; Futh; ehy;tUs; xUth; jpUehTf;furh;. ,th;jk; ghly;fs; Njthuk; vdg; Nghw;wg;gLfpd;wJ. ,th; jhz;lfk; ghLtjpy; ty;yth; Mjyhy;> ,th; jhz;lf Nte;jh; vdTk; toq;fg;gLfpwhh;. ,tuJ fhyk; fp.gp.Vohk; E}w;whz;L jpUth%u; flY}h; khtl;lk; gz;ZUl;bia mLj;Js;sJ. 142) E}w; F wpg; G :Njthuk; vd;Dk; nrhy;iyj; Nj + thuk; vdg; gphpj; J j; nja; t j; jd;ikia cila ,irg; ghly;fs; vd;Wk; Nj + Muk; vdg; gpupj;Jj; nja;tj;jpw;Fr; #l;bg; ngw;w ghkhiy vd;Wk; $Wth;. irtj; jpUKiwfs; gd;dpuz;lDs; Kjy; VOk; %tu; Njthuk; > jpUehTf;furh; ghb mUspa ghly;fs; ehd;F> Ie;J> Mwhk; jpUKiwfs; ekf; F g; ghlkhf mike; J s; s ghly; jpUehTf; f urh; mUspa Mwhe;jpU Kiwapy; cs;sJ. 143) "ehkhh;f;Fk; Fbay;Nyhk;" vd;Dk; g h l y ; _____ " m r ; r k p y ; i y mr;rkpyi ; y" vdg; ghlj; J}z;baJ. 1. ghujpjhrid 2. Rujhit 3. ghujpahiu tpil: 3

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www.kalvisolai.com ciueil jkpo;nkhopapy; mwptpay; rpe; j idfs;

144) "mwpT mw;wk; fhf;Fk; fUtp" jpUts; S th; 145) cyfk; cUz; i l vd; g ijg; gjpdhwhk; E}w;whz;bw;Fg; gpwNf Nkiy ehl;bdh; cWjp nra;jdh;. 146) cyfk; vd;Dk; jkpo;rn ; rhy; _____ vd;Dk; nrhy;ypd; mbahfg; gpwe;jJ. cyT 147) cyT vd; g J Rw; W jy; vd; w nghUisj; jUk;. 148) Qhyk; vd;Dk; jkpo;r; nrhy; "Qhy;" vd;Dk; nrhy;ybahfj; Njhd;wpaJ vd;gh;. "Qhy;" vd;gjw;Fj; njhq;Fjy; vd;gJ nghUs;. 149) "twpJ epiy,a fhaKk;" ,t;tup ,lk; ngw;w E}y; vJ? Gwk;(30) 150) "tytd; Vth thD}h;jp" - Gwk;(27) 151) "jPkg ; pop ve;jpuk; ge;jy; tUe;j" vd;w thp ,lk; ngw;w E}y; vJ? gjpw; W g; g j; J 152) "me;jf; NfzpAk; ve;jpuf; fpzWk;" - ngUq;fij 153) "cWkplj; Jjth cth;epyk;" GwehD}w; W thpfs; 154) "gathf; fsuidau; fy;yhjth;" - jpUf;Fws; 155) "Xh; mZtpidr; rj$wpll ; NfhzpDk; - csd;" - ahu; $wpaJ? fk; g h; 156) "clk;ghh; mopapd; capuhh; mopth;" - jpU%yh;

157) kUe;jhfpj; jg;gh kuj;jw;why; jpUf; F ws; 158) "Gy;yhfpg; g+lha;" - jpUthrfk; thp

,yf;fzk;: nghUs; ,yf;fzk; mfg;nghUs;

159) md;gpd; Ie;jpiz vit? FwpQ;rp> Ky;iy> kUjk;> nea;jy;> ghiy 160) Kjw;nghUs; vd;git mfnthOf;fk; epfo;jw;Ff; fhuzkhFk; epyKk; nghOJk; MFk;. 161) Itif epyq;fs; 1. FwpQr; p - kiyAk;> kiyrhh;ej ; ,lKk; 2. Ky;iy - fhLk; fhLrhh;ej ; ,lKk; 3. kUjk; - taYk; tay;rhh;ej ; ,lKk; 4. nea;jy; - flYk; fly;rhh;ej ; ,lKk; 5. ghiy - kzYk; kzy;rhh;ej ; ,lKk; 162) nghOJfs; 2 tifg;gLk;:1. ngUk; n ghOJ 2. rpWnghOJ 1) ngUk; n ghOJ:m) fhh;fhyk; - Mtzp> Gul;lhrp M) Fsph;fhyk; - Ig;grp> fhh;jj ; pif ,) Kd;gdpf;fhyk; - khu;fop> ij gq;Fdp c) ,sNtdpwf ; hyk; - rpjj ; piu> itfhrp C) KJNtdpw;fhyk; - Mdp> Mb 2) rpWnghOJ:m) fhiy - fhiy 6 kzpKjy; 10 kzptiu M) ez;gfy; - fhiy 10 kzpKjy; 2 kzptiu

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www.kalvisolai.com ,) vw;ghL - gpw;gfy; 2 kzpKjy; 6 kzptiu vy; - QhapW - ghL - kiwAk; Neuk;) 163) jpizAk; nghOJk;:kqj{!! ohVl
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