World catalogue of the genus Cossulus Staudinger

Zootaxa 4311 (1): 062–080 http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Copyright © 2017 Magnolia Press

Article

ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition)

ZOOTAXA

ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition)

https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4311.1.4 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E5B63744-4292-4ECC-A28C-1EF354FC9E36

World catalogue of the genus Cossulus Staudinger, 1887 (Lepidoptera, Cossidae) with description of Cossulus irtlachi sp. nov. from Kyrgyzstan ROMAN V. YAKOVLEV1, 3 & THOMAS J. WITT2 1

Altai State University, pr. Lenina 61, Barnaul, 656049, Russia. E-mail: [email protected] Witt Museum, Tengstrasse 33, D-80796, Munich, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Corresponding author 2

Abstract An annotated catalogue for the genus Cossulus Staudinger, 1887 including illustrations of adults and distribution maps is given. Data on the type material, synonymy, and distribution are provided for all the species. Cossulus irtlachi Yakovlev & Witt sp. nov. from Kyrgyzstan (Toktogul Reservoir) is described. Key words: Cossidae, fauna, new species, Kyrgyzstan, Cossulus

Introduction The genus Cossulus Staudinger, 1887 was proposed by О. Staudinger for his newly described species, Cossulus argentatus (Staudinger 1887). Later, Kirby (1892) erroneously suggested a replacement name Cossulinus Kirby, 1892 due to the apparent senior homonym of Cossula Bailey, 1882 (type species Cossula magnifica Bailey, 1882). This error was subsequently corrected and the name Cossulus Staudinger, 1887 was reinstated (Dalla-Torre 1923). Daniel (1960) incorrectly recognized Cossulinus. Fletcher & Nye (1982), Schoorl (1990), Yakovlev (2006; 2011) correctly applied the name of Staudinger (1887). Detailed revisions of the genus were published by Daniel (1960) and Yakovlev (2006). Later, three species from Turkey, Kyrgyzstan and Afghanistan were described (Yakovlev 2008; Yakovlev et al. 2015). The genus is widespread in Middle East, Transcaucasia, Western Central Asian countries, mostly associated with arid and mountain habitats (Yakovlev & Dubatolov 2013; Yakovlev 2015). Examining material received from the А. Irtlach (Bishkek) we have found a new species which is described below. The species, Cossulus irtlachi sp. nov. is of special interest as it is a late autumn flying species. It is close to C. nasreddin Yakovlev, 2006, the only other know species also flying during autumn. The genus Cossulus includes 27 nominal species. The status of two of them (C. zoroastres and C. nycteris) is not resolved, as the type material has not been examined. Most of the species are local endemics of Central Asian deserts and ridges: Alay rd.—C. alaicus Yakovlev, 2006, Transili Alatau—C. alatauicus Yakovlev, 2006, Darvaz— C. darvazi Sheljuzhko, 1943, Hindukush—C. griseatellus Yakovlev, 2006 and C. habibae Yakovlev, Pljustch, Skrylnik & Pak, 2015, Elbrus—C. irani (Daniel, 1937), Paghman—C. kabulense (Daniel, 1965), Karakum—C. mollis (Christoph, 1887), Zeravshan Mts.—C. nasreddin Yakovlev, 2006, Fergana Valley—C. sergechurkini Yakovlev, 2008, Ghissar—C. nikiforoviorum Yakovlev, 2006. C. irtlachi is also a local endemic of Central Tien Shan lowlands.

Material and methods Genitalia slides were examined with a Zeiss Stemi 2000 C microscope and images were taken with the Olympus XC 50 camera.

62 Accepted by L. Kaila: 20 Jun. 2017; published: 22 Aug. 2017

Abbreviation list BMNH Natural History Museum (London, G.B.) MHUB Museum fur Naturkunde, Leibniz Institut fur Evolution und Biodiversitatsforschung (Berlin, Germany) MNHS Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm (Sweden) MNHW Naturhistorisches Museum (Wien, Austria) MSW collection of Manfred Ströhle (Weiden, Germany) MWM Museum of Thomas Witt (Munich, Germany) ZISP Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Science (Sankt-Petersburg, Russia) ZMKU Zoological Museum of Kiev State University (Kiev, Ukraine) ZSM Zoologische Staatsammlung (Munich, Germany)

Description of Cossulus Staudinger, 1887 Medium sized, color of wings from white to dark grey and brown. Antenna structure various (from complete splitting of comb processes to almost complete fusion of notch and even reduction of comb processes). Apex of fore wing rounded, fore wing with characteristic reticulated pattern and alternation of paler and darker elements. Hind wing without pattern. Male genitalia. Uncus wide with rounded apex; gnathos arms long, thick; medial part of gnathos round, densely covered with small spikes. Valva lanceolately narrowing in distal part, more or less expressed crest (often with uneven edge) on dorsal edge; distal edge membranous; sclerotized and membranous parts of valva with fuzzy border. Transtilla processes uncinately bent, tapered with wide base. Juxta saddle-like with two long lateral processes. Saccus small, rounded. Phallus poorly sclerotized, distal aperture in dorso-apical position, in length from one-third to one-half of phallus. Female genitalia. Papillae anales rounded on apices, relatively long. Posterior apophyses two times longer than anterior ones. Ostium slit-shaped, immersed; ductus of medium length, bursa copulatrix sack-like, without signa. Ductus seminalis extends from ductus near its confluence into bursa. Adult flight period from April to October. The altitude where species of Cossulus occur ranges from 400 (in the Karakum Desert) to 3500 m (in Afghanistan). It is possible that species of this genus are univoltine. No data on the morphology and host plants of caterpillars are available. Diagnosis. Cossulus differs from the other genera of Cossulinae by the specific shape of antenna (from complete splitting of comb processes to almost complete fusion of notch and even reduction of comb processes).

Descriptions of new taxa Cossulus irtlachi Yakovlev & Witt, sp. nov. (Figs: 1−3, 81) Material. Holotype: ♂, Kyrgyzstan, Toktogul Reservoir (NE bank), 1000 m, 5.x.2015, leg. A. Irtlach (ZISP). Description. Wingspan 27 mm. Antenna pale brown, bipectinate with short comb; length of comb processes in middle third of antenna equal to rod diameter. Thorax and abdomen covered with pale yellow hairs. Patagia reddish. Fore wing ochre brown with pattern of dark and pale elements. Brown smears on costal edge, narrow longitudinal smear in central cell, round pale yellow portions in medial and cubital area. Hind wing grey, without pattern. Marginal border of both wings brown, fringe yellowish, unicolorous. Male genitalia. Structure typical of specimen of the genus. Uncus large, wide, apex rounded. Gnathos arms thick, of medium length, gradually narrowing from base to apex. Gnathos medially belt-like, with even edges. Valva of medium width, widening on border between middle and distal thirds, apex rounded, slightly sclerotized. Semicircular crest with almost even edge on border between sclerotized and membranous parts on costal edge of valva. Transtilla process with wide base and narrowed apex. Juxta saddle-like with deep notch on dorsal surface and two long clavately widened lateral processes. Saccus semicircular, of medium size. Phallus slightly shorter than valva, thin, poorly curved in middle third. Vesica aperture in dorso-apical position, in length equal to ¼ of phallus, vesica without cornuti. WORLD CATALOGUE OF COSSULUS (LEPIDOPTERA: COSSIDAE)

Zootaxa 4311 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press ·

63

FIGURES 1−3. Cossulus irtlachi: 1. Adult specimen, holotype (ZISP); 2. Male genitalia; 3. Biotope (photo by A. Irtlach).

64 · Zootaxa 4311 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press

YAKOVLEV & WITT

Diagnosis. Externally, the new species is similar only to one species of this genus, C. nasreddin Yakovlev, 2006 (type locality Uzbekistan, W. Tian-Shan, Zeravshan Mts., Kitab geolog. reserv.) from which it differs by the following features: -

small size (wingspan of C. nasreddin is 32 mm); dark basal part of fore wing (in C. nasreddin, the basal part of fore wing is pale); grey hind wing (in C. nasreddin, the hind wing is brown); clavate lateral processes of the juxta (in C. nasreddin, the processes are bar-like without expanded apices); lanceolately tapered transtilla processes (in C. nasreddin, the processes are uncinately bent); in C. nasreddin, the membranous part of valva is shorter. Etymology. The new species is named after the collector, Alexander Irtlach from Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.

Catalogue of the genus Cossulus Staudinger, 1887 Cossulus Staudinger, 1887 Cossulus Staudinger, 1887: 91 Type species by monotypy: Cossulus argentatus Staudinger, 1887. Synonymy: = Cossulinus Kirby, 1892: 860 (invalid replacement name for Cossulus Staudinger, 1887).

Cossulus alaicus Yakovlev, 2006 (Figs 4, 71) Cossulus alaicus Yakovlev, 2006: 7. Type locality: Kyrgyzstan, Alai Mts., Tengizbai River. Type material (holotype) in MWM, examined. Distribution: Kyrgyzstan, Alai Mts. Habitat and biology. Flight period: July. Altitude: 2100−3500 m.

Cossulus alatauicus Yakovlev, 2006 (Figs 5, 72) Cossulus alatauicus Yakovlev, 2006: 7. Type locality: Kazakhstan, Prov. Almaty, Kamenka, 76°73É; 43°15Ń. Type material (holotype) in MWM, examined. Distribution: Kazakhstan, Zailiiskii Ala-Tau Mts. Habitat and biology. Flight period: July. Altitude: 1300−1400 m.

Cossulus argentatus Staudinger, 1887 (Figs 6−9, 73) Cossulus argentatus Staudinger, 1887: 91. Type locality: Alexandropol (im südwestlichen Caucasus Gebiete, Armenien) [Gyumri (old name - Leninakan), Armenien]. Type material (holotype) in MHUB, examined. Synonymy: = Cossulus lignosus araxes de Freina, 1983: 62−64. Type locality: Turkey, Kars, vic. Sarykamys. Type material

WORLD CATALOGUE OF COSSULUS (LEPIDOPTERA: COSSIDAE)


65

(holotype) in MWM, examined. Distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, С. Iran. Habitat and biology. Flight period: July−August. Altitude: 1500−2700 m.

Cossulus bolshoji (Zukowsky, 1936) (Figs 10−12, 74) Holcocerus bolshoji Zukowsky, 1936: 535. Type locality: Thianshan occ., Tsimgan [Uzbekistan, Chatkal Mts. Range, Bol’shoi Chimgan]. Type material (lectotype) in MHUB, examined. Distribution. Kazakhstan, Kirgyziya, Uzbekistan (Yakovlev, 2006c). Habitat and biology. Flight period: July−August. Altitude: 1400−2300 m.

Cossulus darvazi Sheljuzhko, 1943 (Figs 13−15, 75) Cossulinus argentatus darvazi Sheljuzhko, 1943: 82−83. Type locality: Jazgulem-Tale (südlicher Darvaz) [Tadzhikistan, Darvaz Mts. Range, Yazgulem village]. Type material (holotype) in ZMKU, examined. Distribution: Tadzhikistan (Darvaz Mts.). Habitat and biology. Flight period: July−August. Altitude: 1700−2340 m.

Cossulus griseatellus Yakovlev, 2006 (Figs 16−17, 76) Cossulus griseatellus Yakovlev, 2006: 14. Type locality: NW Pakistan, Swat prov., Gabral-Tal. Type material (holotype) in MNHW, examined. Distribution: NW Pakistan, Swat prov., SE Afghanistan. Habitat and biology. Flight period: July. Altitude: 2100−2350 m.

Cossulus habibae Yakovlev, Pljustch, Skrylnik & Pak, 2015 (Figs 18−19, 77) Cossulus habibae Yakovlev, Pljustch, Skrylnik & Pak, 2015: 43. Type locality: Afghanistan, Bamian, Band-e-Amir, Sabzel vill. Type material (holotype) in ZISP, examined. Distribution: Afghanistan, Bamian prov. Habitat and biology. Flight period: July. Altitude: 2800−2900 m.

Cossulus herzi (Alpheraky, 1893) (Figs 20−23, 78) Hypopta herzi Alpheraky, 1893: 346. Type locality: Samarkand [Uzbekistan, Samarkand]. Type material (lectotype) in ZISP, examined. Distribution: Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, N. Iran, Afghanistan (Yakovlev 2006). Habitat and biology. Flight period: July−September. Altitude: 700−3500 m.


YAKOVLEV & WITT

Cossulus intractatus (Staudinger, 1887) (Figs 24−26, 79) Cossus intractatus Staudinger, 1887: 89. Type locality: Provinz Samarkand [Uzbekistan, Samarkand]. Type material (cotypes) in MHUB, examined. Synonymy: = Holcocerus sericeus Groum-Grshimaïlo, 1890: 541. Type locality: Obi-Garm, Karategin [Tajikistan, Darvaz, Petri Magni Mts., Obi-Garm]. Type material (lectotype) in ZISP, examined. Distribution: Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan (Yakovlev 2006). Habitat and biology. Flight period: June-August. Altitude: 250−2600 m.

Cossulus irani (Daniel, 1937) (Figs 27−28, 80) Cossus irani Daniel, 1937: 49. Type locality: S. Persia, Elburs mont., Kendevan pass. Type material (holotype) in ZSM, examined. Distribution: Iran. Habitat and biology. Flight period: June−August. Altitude: 1900−2800 m.

Cossulus irtlachi Yakovlev & Witt, sp. nov. (Figs 1−3, 81) Type locality: Kyrgyzstan, Toktogul reservoir (NE bank). Type material (holotype) in ZISP, examined. Distribution: Kyrgyzstan. Habitat and biology. Flight period: October. Altitude: 1000 m.

Cossulus issycus (Gaede, 1933) (Figs 29, 82) Hypopta issycus Gaede, 1933: 242. Type locality: Issy-kul. Type material (holotype) in MHUB, examined. Distribution: Kyrgyzstan.

Cossulus kabulense (Daniel, 1965) (Figs 30−31, 83) Cossulinus kabulense Daniel, 1965: 142. Type locality: Afghanistan, Khurd-Kabul, 30 km SO v. Kabul. Type material (holotype) in MNHW (coll. E. Vartian), examined. Distribution: Afghanistan (Paghman Mts.). Habitat and biology. Flight period: June-July. Altitude: 2200−3000 m.



67

Cossulus lena Yakovlev, 2008 (Figs 32, 84) Cossulus lena Yakovlev, 2008: 44. Type locality: Turkey, prov. Hakkari, Yüksekova Mts., 2.5 km E of Guseldere pass. Type material (holotype) in MWM, examined. Distribution: Turkey, Hakkari prov. Habitat and biology. Flight period: August. Altitude: 2600 m.

Cossulus lignosus (Brandt, 1938) (Figs 33−36, 85) Hypopta lignosus Brandt, 1938: 699. Type locality: Sine-Sefid, Mian-Kotal und in Comèe [Iran]. Type material (holotype) in MNHS.

Cossulus lignosus lignosus (Brandt, 1938) (Figs 33−35) Distribution: Iran, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon (Yakovlev 2006; Saldaitis et al. 2007). Habitat and biology. Flight period: July. Altitude: 2400−2700 m.

Cossulus lignosus solgunus de Freina, 1983 (Fig. 36) Cossulus lignosus solgunus de Freina, 1983: 61−62. Type locality: Gürün, Sivas prov. Type material (holotype) in MWM, examined. Distribution: E. Turkey. Habitat and biology. Flight period: June−July. Altitude: 1000 m.

Cossulus mollis (Christoph, 1887) (Figs 37−41, 86) Holcocerus mollis Christoph, 1887: 58−59. Type locality: Askhabad [Turkmenistan, Ashkhabad]. Type material (lectotype) in ZISP, examined.

Cossulus mollis mollis (Christoph, 1887) (Figs 37−39) Distribution: Turkmenistan. Habitat and biology. Flight period: August. Altitude: 1000−2400 m.

Cossulus mollis muelleri Yakovlev, 2006 (Figs 40−41) Cossulus mollis muelleri Yakovlev, 2006: 11.


YAKOVLEV & WITT

Type locality: Iraq, 200 km N. Baghdad, östlich von Kirkuk. Type material (holotype) in MWM, examined. Distribution: N. Iraq. Habitat and biology. Flight period: May. Altitude: 1000−2000 m.

Cossulus mucosus (Christoph, 1884) (Figs 42−46, 87) Hypopta mucosus Christoph, 1884: 111−112. Type locality: Nuchur [Turkmenistan]. Type material (lectotype) in ZISP, examined. Distribution: SE Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Iran, Afghanistan (Yakovlev, 2006). Habitat and biology. Flight period: end of April−June. Altitude: 600−3000 m.

Cossulus nasreddin Yakovlev, 2006 (Figs 47−48, 88) Cossulus nasreddin Yakovlev, 2006: 13. Type locality: Uzbekistan, W. Tian-Shan, Zeravshan Mts., Kitab geolog. reserv. Type material (holotype) in MSW, examined. Distribution: Uzbekistan, W. Tian-Shan, Zeravshan Mts., Ghissar Mts. Habitat and biology. Flight period: September. Altitude: 2100 m.

Cossulus nedretus de Freina & Yakovlev, 2005 (Figs 49, 89) Cossulus nedretus de Freina & Yakovlev, 2005: 81−84. Type locality: Kleinasien, Prov. Sivas, Gürün. Type material (holotype) in MWM, examined. Distribution. E. Turkey, Sivas prov. Habitat and biology. Flight period: June−July. Altitude: 1600 m.

Cossulus nikiforoviorum Yakovlev, 2006 (Figs 50, 90) Cossulus nikiforoviorum Yakovlev, 2006: 6−7. Type locality: Uzbekistan, Ghissar Range, 60 km E. Shakhrisabz. Type material (holotype) in MWM, examined. Distribution: Uzbekistan, Ghissar Mts. Habitat and biology. Flight period: July. Altitude: 2500 m.

Cossulus nycteris (John, 1923) Hypopta nycteris John, 1923: 91. Type locality: Namangan, at Tosté on the river Padsha-ata. Type material (holotype) in ZISP. Possibly lost. Distribution: Uzbekistan.



69

Cossulus putridus (Christoph, 1887) (Figs 51−52, 91) Holcocerus putridus Christoph, 1887: 57−58. Type locality: Aschabad [Turkmenistan, Ashkhabad]. Type material (cotypes) in ZISP, examined. Distribution: Turkmenistan, Iran, Afghanistan (Yakovlev, 2006). Habitat and biology. Flight period: August. Altitude: 700−2000 m.

Cossulus sergechurkini Yakovlev, 2008 (Figs 53, 92) Cossulus sergechurkini Yakovlev, 2008: 45. Type locality: [Kyrgyzstan], Fergana Valley, 27 km S Osh. Type material (holotype) in MWM, examined. Distribution: Kyrgyzstan, Fergana Valley. Habitat and biology. Flight period: July. Altitude: 1200 m.

Cossulus sheljuzhkoi (Zukowsky, 1936) (Figs 54−56, 93) Hypopta sheljuzhkoi Zukowsky, 1936: 536. Type locality: Thianshan occ., Bolshoj Tsimgan [Uzbekistan, Chatkal Mts. Range, Bol’shoi Chimgan]. Type material (syntypes) in MHUB, examined. Distribution: S. Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan (Yakovlev, 2006). Habitat and biology. Flight period: May−July. Altitude: 600−2000 m.

Cossulus stertzi (Püngeler, 1899) (Figs 57−60, 94) Cossus stertzi Püngeler, 1899: 288. Type locality: Kulab [Tajikistan, Kulyab]. Type material (holotype) in MHUB, examined. Distribution: Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan (Yakovlev, 2006). Synonymy: = Holcocerus strigillata Rothschild, 1912: 452. Type locality: Kuliab, border of Afghan. [Kulyab, Tadzhikistan]. Type material (holotype) in BMNH, examined. Habitat and biology. Flight period: June−September. Altitude: 1100−2200 m. Cossulus strioliger (Alpheraky, 1893)

(Figs 61−65, 95) Holcocerus strioliger Alpheraky, 1893: 346. Type locality: Samarkand [Uzbekistan, Samarkand]. Type material (lectotype) in ZISP, examined. Synonymy: = Paropta confusa Rothschild, 1912: 452. Type locality: Sary-mat, Zerafshan [Uzbekistan]. Type material (holotype) in BMNH, examined. Distribution: Afghanistan, Iran, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan (Yakovlev, 2006). Habitat and biology. Flight period: May−July. Altitude: 1100−3000 m.


YAKOVLEV & WITT

FIGURES 4−19. Cossulus, adult specimens: 4. C. alaicus, ♂, holotype (MWM); 5. C. alatauicus, ♂, holotype (MWM); 6. C. argentatus, ♂, holotype (MHUB); 7. C. argentatus, ♂, holotype of Cossulinus lignosus araxes de Freina, 1983 (MWM); 8. C. argentatus, ♀, paratype of Cossulinus lignosus araxes de Freina, 1983 (MWM); 9. C. argentatus, ♂, Azerbaijan, Buzgov, 7.vii.1982, leg. Danchenko (MWM); 10. C. bolshoji, ♂, lectotype (MHUB); 11. C. bolshoji, ♂, Uzbekistan, W. Thian-Sjan, Chimgan, 13.−25.vii.1990, leg. Hreblay (MWM); 12. C. bolshoji, ♀, Uzbekistan, W. Thian-Sjan, Chimgan, 13.−25.vii.1990, leg. Hreblay (MWM); 13. C. darvazi, ♂, holotype (ZMKU); 14. C. darvazi, ♂, Tajikistan, Peter I Mts., 14 km NW Tadzhikabad, 2180 m, 5.viii.1977, leg. Stschetkin (MWM); 15. C. darvazi, ♂, Tajikistan, Peter I Mts., Ganishou, 2100 m, 10.viii.1977, leg. Stschetkin (MWM); 16. C. griseatellus Yakovlev, 2006, ♂, holotype (MNHW); 17. C. griseatellus Yakovlev, 2006, ♂, paratype, SO Afghanistan, Safed Koh, Südseite, Kotkal, 2350 m, 21.vi.–1.vii.1969, leg. Vartian (MNHW); 18. C. habibae, ♂, holotype (ZISP); 19. C. habibae, ♂, paratype, Afghanistan, Bamian, Band-e-Amir, Sabzel vill., 2900 m, 19.vii.2013, leg. I. Pljustch, Yu. Skrylnik & O. Pak (RYB).



71

FIGURES 20−35. Cossulus, adult specimens: 20. C. herzi, ♂, lectotype (ZISP); 21. C. herzi, ♂, Khurd Kabul, 1900 m, 3.ix.1965, Vartian (MWM); 22. C. herzi, ♂, Uzbekistan, Chatkal Mts., Tchimgan area, 20.−30.viii.2007, 2200−2500 m, leg. Gurko (MWM); 23. C. herzi, ♂, Tajikistan, Ghissar, Kondara, 1100, 24.viii.1959, leg. Stschetkin (MWM); 24. C. intractatus, ♂, holotype (MHUB); 25. C. intractatus, ♂, Uzbekistan, Amankutan, 10.vii.1996, Bajdak leg. (MWM); 26. C. intractatus, ♀, Tajikistan, Kondara, 1100, 6.vii.1951, leg. Degtjareva (MWM); 27. C. irani, ♂, cotype (MWM); 28. C. irani, ♀, cotype (MWM); 29. C. issycus, ♂, holotype (MHUB); 30. C. kabulense, ♂, holotype (MNHW); 31. C. kabulense, ♀, from type locality: Afghanistan, Khurd-Kabul, SO v. Kabul, 1900 m, 26.vi.1965, Kasy & Vartian (MNHW); 32. C. lena, ♂, holotype (MWM); 33. C. lignosus, ♂, paratype (MNHS); 34. C. lignosus, ♂, Persia septentrionalis, Elburs, Ziaram, 11.vii.1977, leg. Krušek (MWM); 35. C. lignosus, ♂, Syria, Libanon, Bscharre, 1300, VII.1931 (MWM).


YAKOVLEV & WITT

FIGURES 36−52. Cossulus, adult specimens: 36. C. lignosus solgunus, ♂, holotype (MWM); 37. C. mollis, ♂, lectotype (ZISP); 38. C. mollis, ♂, Turkmenistan, Kopetdagh, Dushak Mt., 37°57Ń 57°54É, 11.−12.vii.1992, leg. Hreblay, Laszlo, Ronkay (MWM); 39. C. mollis, ♀, Turkmenistan, 50 km N Ashkhabad, 38°22Ń 58°33É, 100 m, 3.viii.1992, leg. Hreblay, Laszlo, Ronkay (MWM); 40. C. mollis muelleri, ♀, holotype (MWM); 41. C. mollis muelleri, ♂, paratype (MWM); 42. C. mucosus, ♂, lectotype (ZISP); 43. C. mucosus, ♂, Iran, 40 km N Esfahan, 29.iv.1975, leg. W. Thomas (MWM); 44. C. mucosus, ♂,Turkmenistan, 10 km S Aidere, 27.vi.1992, 600−1000 m, 38°14Ń 56°46É, leg. Gy. Fabian, B. Herczig, A. Podlussany & Z. Varga (MWM); 45. C. mucosus, ♂, Tajikistan, Mogoltau Gebirge, Khodzhent, 600 m, 16.v.1996, leg. Lukhtanov (MWM); 46. C. mucosus, ♀, Tajikistan, Mogoltau Gebirge, Khodzhent, 600 m, 16.v.1996, leg. Lukhtanov (MWM); 47. C. nasreddin, ♂, holotype (MSW); 48. C. nasreddin, ♂, Uzbekistan, Ghissar Mts., Zaaminsky reservat, 1.−10.vii.1995 (MWM); 49. C. nedretus, ♂, holotype (MWM); 50. C. nikiforoviorum, ♂, holotype (MWM); 51. C. putridus, ♂, cotype (ZISP); 52. C. putridus, ♂, [Afghanistan], Hindukush, Salang pass, 3000 m, 9.−15.vii.1973, leg. Flauger (MWM).



73

FIGURES 53−65. Cossulus, adult specimens: 53. C. sergechurkini, ♂, holotype (MWM); 54. C. sheljuzhkoi, ♂, Uzbekistan, Bolshoi Chimgan, 2000 m, 15.vii.1934, L. Sheljuzhko leg. (ZMKU); 55. C. sheljuzhkoi, ♂, Kyrgyzstan, Toktogul lake, 15 km NE Karakul vill., 1300−1400 m, 17.vi.2000, leg. S. Churkin (MWM); 56. C. sheljuzhkoi, ♂, Tajikistan, varzob distr., vill. Kondara, 17.vi.1964, leg. Ganson (MWM); 57. C. stertzi, ♂, holotype (MHUB); 58. C. stertzi, ♂, holotype of Holcocerus strigillata (BMNH); 59. C. stertzi, ♂, Tajikistan, Petri Magni Ridge, Ganishou, vii.1977, leg. Stschetkin (MWM); 60. C. stertzi, ♀, Tajikistan, Sangikar r., 14 km N Novabad, 1700 m, 26.vii.1969, leg. Stschetkin (MWM); 61. C. strioliger, ♂, lectotype (ZISP); 62. C. strioliger, ♂, holotype of Paropta confusa (BMNH); 63. C. strioliger, ♂, Kabul Fluss, Tang i Garu, 1700 m, 8.vi.1972, Dr. Reshöft leg. (MWM; 64. C. strioliger, ♂, Tajikistan, Hissar, Farob, 1700 m, 17.vi.1994, V. Lukhtanov leg. (MWM); 65. C. strioliger, ♀, Tajikistan, Pamir. Horog, 2200 m, 10.vii.1983 (MWM).


YAKOVLEV & WITT

FIGURES 66−70. Cossulus, adult specimens: 66. C. turkomanicus, ♂, lectotype (ZISP); 67. C. turkomanicus, ♂, Turkmenistan, Kopet-Dagh Mts., 300−400 m, 12 km W Kara-Kala, 38°18Ń 58°08É, 28.v.1991, M. Danilewsky (MWM); 68. C. turkomanicus, ♀, Turkmenistan, Kara-Kala, 1.−5.vi.1992, Antipin leg. (MWM); 69. C. turkomanicus albus, ♂, holotype (MNHW); 70. C. turkomanicus albus, ♀, allotype (MNHW).

Cossulus turcomanicus (Christoph, 1893) (Figs 66−70, 96) Hypopta turcomanica Christoph, 1893: 88. Type locality: Askhabad, Pul-i-Hatum, Tekke [Turkmenistan, Ashkhabad]. Type material (lectotype) in ZISP, examined.

Cossulus turcomanicus turcomanicus (Christoph, 1893) (Figs 66−68) Distribution: Turkmenistan, N. Afghanistan, NE Iran (Yakovlev, 2006). Habitat and biology. Flight period: April−June. Altitude: 300−1500 m.



75

FIGURES 71−78. Maps of distribution: 71. C. alaicus; 72. C. alatauicus; 73. C. argentatus; 74. C. bolshoji; 75. C. darvazi; 76. C. griseatellus; 77. C. habibae; 78. C. herzi.


YAKOVLEV & WITT

FIGURES 79−86. Maps of distribution: 79. C. intractatus; 80. C. irani; 81. C. irtlachi; 82. C. issycus; 83. C. kabulense; 84. C. lena; 85. C. lignosus; 86. C. mollis.



77

FIGURES 87−94. Maps of distribution: 87. C. mucosus; 88. C. nasreddin; 89. C. nedretus; 90. C. nikiforoviorum; 91. C. putridus; 92. C. sergechurkini; 93. C. sheljuzhkoi; 94. C. stertzi.


YAKOVLEV & WITT

FIGURES 95−96. Maps of distribution: 95. C. strioliger; 96. C. turkomanicus.

Cossulus turcomanicus albus (Daniel, 1971) (Figs 69−70) Cossulinus turkomanica albus Daniel, 1971: 658. Type locality: 40 km SW v. Kabul, Afghan[instan]. Type material (holotype) in MNHW, examined. Distribution: E. Afghanistan, N. Pakistan (Yakovlev, 2006). Habitat and biology. Flight period: May−June. Altitude: 1500−3000 m.

Cossulus zoroastres (Grum-Grshimailo, 1902) Hypopta zoroastres Grum-Grshimailo, 1902: 202. Type locality: in provincia persica Makran, ad vicum Bagu-Kelat regionis Bagu [Iran, Baluchistan prov., Bahu Kalat]. Type material (syntypes) in ZISP. Possibly lost. Distribution: Iran.

Acknowledgments We are indebted to the BMNH Council of Trustees for kindly granting me the permission to publish images of the type specimens preserved in the Natural History Museum. The authors are grateful to Anna Ustjuzhanina (Tomsk, Russia) and Prof. Boris Kondratieff (Fort Collins, USA) for language improvements. We are also grateful to the curators of the collections and private collectors: S. Gaal (MNHW), G. Martin (BMNH), W. Mey (MHUB), S. Sinev (ZISP), M. Ströhle (Weiden), B. Gustaffson (MNHS), A. Hausmann (ZSM), and I. Kostjuk (ZMKU) for providing comfortable conditions and the allowing the examination of type specimens, to A. Irtlach (Bishkek) for the providing additional material. The results were obtained within the framework of the state task No. 6.2884.2017/4.6 Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation.

References Alphéraky, S.N. (1893) Lepidoptera nova Asiae centralis. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris, 6, 346–347. Brandt, W. (1938) Beitrag zur Lepidopteren-Fauna von Iran. Neue Gattungen, Arten und Formen (Macrolepidoptera). Entomologische Rundschau, 55, 698–699. Christoph, H. (1884) Lepidoptera aus dem Achal-Tekke-Gebiete. Erster Theil. Mémoires sur les lépidoptères. Red. N.M. Romanoff, 1, 93−138.



79

Christoph, H. (1887) Lepidoptera aus dem Achal-Tekke-Gebiete. Dritter Theil. Mémoires sur les lépidoptères. Red. N.M.Romanoff, 3, 50−125. Christoph, H. (1893) Lepidoptera Nova Faunae Palaearcticae. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris, 6, 86−96. Dalla-Torre, K.W. (1923) Cossidae. Lepidopterorum Catalogus, 29, 1−63. Daniel, F. (1937) Zwei neue Cossidae aus Persien. Mitteilungen der Münchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 27, 49–52. Daniel, F. (1960) Monographie der palaearktischen Cossidae IV. Die Genera Cossulinus Kby., Dyspessacossus Dan. und Isoceras Tti. (Lep.). Mitteilungen der Münchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 50, 93–118. Daniel, F. (1965) Osterreichische Entomologische Iran-Afghanistan-Expeditionen. Beitrage zur Lepidopterenfauna, Teil 4. Weitere Beitrage zur Bombyces et Sphinges Fauna. Zeitschrift der Wiener Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 50, 121−145. Daniel, F. (1971) Österreichische Expeditionen nach Persien und Afghanistan. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 75, 651–660. Fletcher, D.S. & Nye, I.W.B. (1982) The Generic Names of Moths of the World. Vol. 4 (Bombycoidea, Castnioidea, Cossoidea, Mimallonoidea, Sesioidea, Sphingoidea, Zygaenoidea). BM(NH), London, 192 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.119597 Freina, J.J. de (1983) 4. Beitrag zur systematischen Erfassung der Bombyces- und Sphinges Fauna Kleinasiens. Neue Kenntnisse über Artenspektrum, Systematik und Nomenklatur sowie Beschreibungen neuer Taxa. Mitteilungen der Münchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 72, 57–127. Freina, J.J. de & Yakovlev, R.V. (2005) Anmerkungen zu Cossulus Staudinger, 1887, mit Beschreibung einer neuen Art aus Ostanatolien (Lepidoptera, Cossidae). Entomologische Zeitschrift, 115 (2), 81–84. Gaede, M. (1933) Cossidae. In: Seitz, A., Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Die Spinner undSchwarmer des indoaustralischen Gebiets. Vol. 10. Alfred Kernen Verlag, Stuttgart, pp. 809–823. Grum-Grshimailo, Gr. (1902) Lepidoptera nova vei parum cognita regionis palaearcticae. Annuaire du Musee Zoologique de l”Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St.-Petersbourg, 7, 199–204. John, O. (1923) A new Hypopta Hb. from Ferghana, with some notes on other species (Lepidoptera, Cossidae). Revue Russe d’Entomologie, 18, 91–94. Kirby, W.F. (1892) A synonymic Catalogue of Lepidopteren Heterocera. Vol. 1. Sphinges and Bombyces, London, 951 pp. Püngeler, R. (1899) Neue Macrolepidopteren aus Central-Asien. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris, 12, 288–289. Rothschild, W. (1912) Verbesserungen und Zusatze zu den Cossiden. In: Seitz, A., Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Die palaearktischen Spinner & Schwarmer. Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart, 450–452. Schoorl, J.W. (1990) A phylogenetic study on Cossidae (Lepidoptera: Ditrysia) based on external adult morphology. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 263, 1–295. Sheljuzhko, L. (1943) Lepidopterologische Ergebnisse der Pamir-Expedition der Kijeven Zoologischen Museums in Jahre 1937. II. Neue Lepidopteren aus dem westlischen Pamir. Mitteilungen der Münchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 33, 83–85. Staudinger, O. (1887) Centralasiatische Lepidopteren. Entomologische Zeitung herausgegeben von dem entomologischen Vereine zu Stettin, 48 (1−3), 49−102. Yakovlev, R.V. (2006) A brief Review of the Genus Cossulus Staudinger, 1887 (Lepidoptera, Cossidae). Eversmannia, 7/8, 3– 24. [in Russian] Yakovlev, R.V. (2008) New species of Palaearctic and Oriental Cossidae (Lepidoptera). I. Two new species from Genus Cossulus Staudinger, 1887 from Turkey and Kyrgyzstan. Eversmannia, 15/16, 44−46. [in Russian] Yakovlev, R.V. (2011) Catalogue of the Family Cossidae of the Old World. Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 66, 1–129. Yakovlev, R.V. (2015) Patterns of Geographical Distribution of Carpenter Moths (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) in the Old World. Contemporary Problems of Ecology, 8 (1), 36–50. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995425515010151 Yakovlev, R.V. & Dubatolov, V.V. (2013) Distribution of Carpenter-Moths (Lepidoptera, Cossidae) in Palaearctic Deserts. Zoologichesky Zhurnal, 92 (6), 682−694. [in Russian] https://doi.org/10.7868/S0044513413040193

Yakovlev, R.V., Pljustch, I.G., Skrylnik, Yu., Pak, O. & Witt, Th. (2015) The Cossidae (Lepidoptera) of Afghanistan with description of three new species and special notes on the fauna of Bande-Amir National Park. Zootaxa, 3990 (1), 41–72. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3990.1.3 Zukowsky, B. (1936) Neue Arten und Formen der paläarktischen Familien Aegeriidae und Cossidae. Entomologische Rundschau, 53 (36), 534–537.


YAKOVLEV & WITT